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  1. Article ; Online: Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid in community acquired pneumonia

    Sandeep Budhiraja / Akhil Agarwal / Yashpal Chugh / Alap Gandhi / Bhavesh Kotak

    Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 8, Pp 235-

    Past, present, and future from an Indian perspective

    2022  Volume 244

    Abstract: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major health problem in India with high morbidity and mortality. The threat posed by this infection is further intensified by the continued emergence of resistance to the currently available antibiotics. With a ... ...

    Abstract Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major health problem in India with high morbidity and mortality. The threat posed by this infection is further intensified by the continued emergence of resistance to the currently available antibiotics. With a heritage of more than 24 years in India, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid is one of the most common antibiotics used for CAP. It was developed with an intent to sustain the efficacy of amoxicillin which was challenged due to the emergence of the beta-lactamase producing microorganism. Over a period, it has been included in national and international guidelines for the treatment of CAP. To assure the highest probability of clinical cure and to combat development of resistance: It is imperative for amoxicillin+clavulanic acid to reaffirm itself. Optimization of the PK/PD and higher dose of amoxicllin+clavulanic acid will tackle the burden of the future difficult to manage respiratory infections.
    Keywords amoxicillin ; amoxicillin clavulanic acid ; antimicrobial resistance ; antibiotic resistance ; cap ; community acquired pneumonia ; pneumonia ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 290
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Tackling Worm Infestations with a Multifactorial Approach in the 21st century

    KRUNAL DALAL / SANDEEP LAHIRY / YASHPAL CHUGH / ALAP GANDHI / BHAVESH KOTAK

    Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 14, Iss 11, Pp LE01-LE

    An Indian Perspective

    2020  Volume 06

    Abstract: Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) or geohelminths are an important cause of morbidity worldwide. A large proportion of the infection burden occurs in India, including STH infections due to roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichura) ... ...

    Abstract Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) or geohelminths are an important cause of morbidity worldwide. A large proportion of the infection burden occurs in India, including STH infections due to roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichura) and hookworms (Necator americanus or Ancyclostoma duodenale). Apart from direct health impacts, they are also implicated in anaemia, nutritional deficiencies and delayed cognitive development in children. They also have been shown to have detrimental impact on economic development and future income earning potential. The current global strategy on STH control is through increased utilisation of Preventive Chemotherapy (PC) for at-risk population, comprising mainly pre-school and school age children. This is crucial for India, as there can be significant proportion of untreated subjects in the community, who may act as a reservoir of infection for treated subjects to get re-infected. Additionally, inculcating healthy behaviour modifications and adopting WASH interventions meant a major shift in social and cultural norms in many societies. Overall, the multifaceted nature of STH control in India requires concerted efforts and significant mobilisation of human and financial resources. In this regard, several recent initiatives including Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Nirmal Gram Puraskar, Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions, Clean India: Clean schools etc., have brought a positive change, apart from the provision of deworming for morbidity control through National Deworming Day. In this paper, authors have narrated major initiatives in recent years that are expected to bring a lasting solution to the problem of STH infection in India.
    Keywords ascaris ; hookworm ; india ; mass drug administration ; soil-transmitted helminths ; trichuris ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 950
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Tackling AMR crisis in India

    Sandeep Lahiry / Rajesh Ramalingam / Krunal Dalal / Ashwini Pawar / Yashpal Chugh / Alap Gandhi / Bhavesh Kotak

    Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 6, Pp 129-

    Changing paradigm

    2020  Volume 137

    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health concern globally. For India, undoubtedly, AMR has had profound impact on its health & socioeconomic parameters. Several hospital and community-based surveys have indicated alarming rise in ... ...

    Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health concern globally. For India, undoubtedly, AMR has had profound impact on its health & socioeconomic parameters. Several hospital and community-based surveys have indicated alarming rise in incidence of multidrug resistant microbes, especially ‘superbugs’, having direct links with antibiotic use/misuse. Additionally, paucity in data with regards to quantification of AMR crisis & its determinants has been concerning. However, the national commitment to address AMR has steadily increased of late, with an oft-restated realization – it is time to act. Recent initiatives like National Policy for Containment of AMR (2011), Chennai Declaration (2012), Anti-microbial Resistance Surveillance and Research Network (2013), The Red Line Campaign (2016), National Action Plan (NAP) for AMR (2017), ICMR Treatment Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Common Syndromes (2019) are promising measures expected to have positive impact on both clinical and economic outcome in India. This paper provides a snapshot of major strategies proposed in recent years, including educational and awareness initiatives, infection control guidelines, audit and feedback, antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance projects etc. It also identifies technical challenges & opportunities for improved AMR mitigation in India.
    Keywords antibiotics ; antibiotic resistance ; knowledge ; rational use ; challenges ; india ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of gram positive CSF isolates in children with septic meningitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

    Yashpal Chugh / Arun Kumar Kapoor / Anodita Bhargava

    Internet Journal of Medical Update, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 30-

    2011  Volume 39

    Abstract: The present study was conducted with the objective to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram positive CSF isolates in septic meningitis in a tertiary care hospital. CSF (3-5 ml) was collected from 638 admitted children clinically suspected of ... ...

    Abstract The present study was conducted with the objective to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram positive CSF isolates in septic meningitis in a tertiary care hospital. CSF (3-5 ml) was collected from 638 admitted children clinically suspected of septic meningitis. Bacterial isolates were identified and microbial sensitivity was assessed by the Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method. Of the samples tested 102 (15.99%) were culture positive of which 45 (44.12%) culture positives were found in children aged 1-12 years. M: F ratio was 1.62:1. Maximum incidence (51 cases) was in summer-rainy season and in institutional delivery (58 cases). Primary immunization did not protect against septic meningitis. The isolates in 66 (64.71%) cases were Gram positive of which 36 (54.55%) were Streptococcus spp., 24 (36.36%) Staphylococcus aureus and 6 (9.09%) cases coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS). Both Streptococci and coagulase negative Staphylococci were highly sensitive (100%) to Linezolid, Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam. However, Staphylococcus aureus were 100% sensitive to Linezolid and Vancomycin but were only 87.5% sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam combination. The Streptococcus species showed a high degree of resistance to Tetracyclin 91.67%, Co-trimoxazole 88.89% and Penicillin 63.89%. Staphylococcus aureus showed resistance to the tune of 83.33% each to Tetracycline and Co-trimoxazxole and 79.17% with Penicillin. In case of coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Co-trimoxazole showed resistance in 83.33%, Penicillin in 66.67% and Tetracycline in 50% cases. In septic meningitis Gram positive isolates predominate. Therapy should be based on trends of bacterial sensitivity.
    Keywords Antimicrobial Sensitivity ; Gram Positive Organisms ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher AKS Publication
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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