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  1. Article ; Online: Costs and cost-effectiveness of influenza illness and vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review from 2012 to 2022.

    Gharpure, Radhika / Chard, Anna N / Cabrera Escobar, Maria / Zhou, Weigong / Valleau, Molly M / Yau, Tat S / Bresee, Joseph S / Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo / Pallas, Sarah W / Lafond, Kathryn E

    PLoS medicine

    2024  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) e1004333

    Abstract: Background: Historically, lack of data on cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination has been identified as a barrier to vaccine use in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a systematic review of economic evaluations describing (1) costs of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Historically, lack of data on cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination has been identified as a barrier to vaccine use in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a systematic review of economic evaluations describing (1) costs of influenza illness; (2) costs of influenza vaccination programs; and (3) vaccination cost-effectiveness from low- and middle-income countries to assess if gaps persist that could hinder global implementation of influenza vaccination programs.
    Methods and findings: We performed a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Scopus in January 2022 and October 2023 using a combination of the following key words: "influenza" AND "cost" OR "economic." The search included studies with publication years 2012 through 2022. Studies were eligible if they (1) presented original, peer-reviewed findings on cost of illness, cost of vaccination program, or cost-effectiveness of vaccination for seasonal influenza; and (2) included data for at least 1 low- or middle-income country. We abstracted general study characteristics and data specific to each of the 3 study types. Of 54 included studies, 26 presented data on cost-effectiveness, 24 on cost-of-illness, and 5 on program costs. Represented countries were classified as upper-middle income (UMIC; n = 12), lower-middle income (LMIC; n = 7), and low-income (LIC; n = 3). The most evaluated target groups were children (n = 26 studies), older adults (n = 17), and persons with chronic medical conditions (n = 12); fewer studies evaluated pregnant persons (n = 9), healthcare workers (n = 5), and persons in congregate living settings (n = 1). Costs-of-illness were generally higher in UMICs than in LMICs/LICs; however, the highest national economic burden, as a percent of gross domestic product and national health expenditure, was reported from an LIC. Among studies that evaluated the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccine introduction, most (88%) interpreted at least 1 scenario per target group as either cost-effective or cost-saving, based on thresholds designated in the study. Key limitations of this work included (1) heterogeneity across included studies; (2) restrictiveness of the inclusion criteria used; and (3) potential for missed influenza burden from use of sentinel surveillance systems.
    Conclusions: The 54 studies identified in this review suggest an increased momentum to generate economic evidence about influenza illness and vaccination from low- and middle-income countries during 2012 to 2022. However, given that we observed substantial heterogeneity, continued evaluation of the economic burden of influenza illness and costs/cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination, particularly in LICs and among underrepresented target groups (e.g., healthcare workers and pregnant persons), is needed. Use of standardized methodology could facilitate pooling across settings and knowledge sharing to strengthen global influenza vaccination programs.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Child ; Humans ; Aged ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Developing Countries ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Influenza Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2185925-5
    ISSN 1549-1676 ; 1549-1277
    ISSN (online) 1549-1676
    ISSN 1549-1277
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004333
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Vaccine Effectiveness of CanSino (Adv5-nCoV) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Among Childcare Workers-Mexico, March-December 2021.

    Richardson, Vesta L / Camacho Franco, Martín Alejandro / Bautista Márquez, Aurora / Martínez Valdez, Libny / Castro Ceronio, Luis Enrique / Cruz Cruz, Vicente / Gharpure, Radhika / Lafond, Kathryn E / Yau, Tat S / Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo / Hernández Ávila, Mauricio

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2022  Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, Page(s) S167–S173

    Abstract: Background: Beginning in March 2021, Mexico vaccinated childcare workers with a single-dose CanSino Biologics (Adv5-nCoV) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Although CanSino is currently approved for use in 10 Latin American, Asian, and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Beginning in March 2021, Mexico vaccinated childcare workers with a single-dose CanSino Biologics (Adv5-nCoV) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Although CanSino is currently approved for use in 10 Latin American, Asian, and European countries, little information is available about its vaccine effectiveness (VE).
    Methods: We evaluated CanSino VE within a childcare worker cohort that included 1408 childcare facilities. Participants were followed during March-December 2021 and tested through severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test if they developed any symptom compatible with COVID-19. Vaccination status was obtained through worker registries. VE was calculated as 100% × (1 - hazard ratio for SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated vs unvaccinated participants), using an Andersen-Gill model adjusted for age, sex, state, and local viral circulation.
    Results: The cohort included 43 925 persons who were mostly (96%) female with a median age of 32 years; 37 646 (86%) were vaccinated with CanSino. During March-December 2021, 2250 (5%) participants had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, of whom 25 were hospitalized and 6 died. Adjusted VE was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%-29%) against illness, 76% (95% CI, 42%-90%) against hospitalization, and 94% (95% CI, 66%-99%) against death. VE against illness declined from 48% (95% CI, 33%-61%) after 14-60 days following full vaccination to 20% (95% CI, 9%-31%) after 61-120 days.
    Conclusions: CanSino vaccine was effective at preventing COVID-19 illness and highly effective at preventing hospitalization and death. It will be useful to further evaluate duration of protection and assess the value of booster doses to prevent COVID-19 and severe outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Child ; Child Care ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mexico/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccine Efficacy
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciac488
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Healthcare personnel in 2016-2019 prospective cohort infrequently got vaccinated, worked while ill, and frequently used antibiotics rather than antivirals against viral influenza illnesses.

    Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo / Neyra, Joan / Yau, Tat S / Soto, Giselle / Owusu, Daniel / Zhang, Chao / Romero, Candice / Yoo, Young M / Gonzales, Miriam / Tinoco, Yeny / Silva, María / Bravo, Eduar / Serrano, Nancy Rojas / Matos, Eduardo / Chavez-Perez, Victor / Castro, Juan Carlos / Esther Castillo, Maria / Porter, Rachael / Munayco, Cesar /
    Rodriguez, Angel / Levine, Min Z / Prouty, Michael / Thompson, Mark G / Arriola, Carmen Sofia

    Influenza and other respiratory viruses

    2023  Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e13189

    Abstract: Background: Uncertainty about risk of illness and the value of influenza vaccines negatively affects vaccine uptake among persons targeted for influenza vaccination.: Methods: During 2016-2019, we followed a cohort of healthcare personnel (HCP) ... ...

    Abstract Background: Uncertainty about risk of illness and the value of influenza vaccines negatively affects vaccine uptake among persons targeted for influenza vaccination.
    Methods: During 2016-2019, we followed a cohort of healthcare personnel (HCP) targeted for free-of-charge influenza vaccination in five Lima hospitals to quantify risk of influenza, workplace presenteeism (coming to work despite illness), and absenteeism (taking time off from work because of illness). The HCP who developed acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) (≥1 of acute cough, runny nose, body aches, or feverishness) were tested for influenza using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR).
    Findings: The cohort (2968 HCP) contributed 950,888 person-days. Only 36 (6%) of 605 HCP who participated every year were vaccinated. The HCP had 5750 ARI and 147 rt-PCR-confirmed influenza illnesses. The weighted incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza was 10.0/100 person-years; 37% used antibiotics, and 0.7% used antivirals to treat these illnesses. The HCP with laboratory-confirmed influenza were present at work while ill for a cumulative 1187 hours.
    Interpretation: HCP were frequently ill and often worked rather than stayed at home while ill. Our findings suggest the need for continuing medical education about the risk of influenza and benefits of vaccination and stay-at-home-while-ill policies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Influenza Vaccines ; Prospective Studies ; Virus Diseases ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Delivery of Health Care
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Influenza Vaccines ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2274538-5
    ISSN 1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
    ISSN (online) 1750-2659
    ISSN 1750-2640
    DOI 10.1111/irv.13189
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Vaccine effectiveness of CanSino (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine among childcare workers — Mexico, March–December 2021

    Richardson, Vesta L. / Camacho Franco, Martín Alejandro / Bautista Márquez, Aurora / Martínez Valdez, Libny / Castro Ceronio, Luis Enrique / Cruz Cruz, Vicente / Gharpure, Radhika / Lafond, Kathryn E. / Yau, Tat S. / Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo / Hernández Ávila, Mauricio

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Background: Beginning in March 2021, Mexico vaccinated childcare workers with a single-dose CanSino Biologics (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine. Although CanSino is currently approved for use in 10 Latin American, Asian, and European countries, little ... ...

    Abstract Background: Beginning in March 2021, Mexico vaccinated childcare workers with a single-dose CanSino Biologics (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine. Although CanSino is currently approved for use in 10 Latin American, Asian, and European countries, little information is available about its vaccine effectiveness (VE). Methods: We evaluated CanSino VE within a childcare worker cohort that included 1,408 childcare facilities. Participants were followed during March–December 2021 and tested through SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR or rapid antigen test if they developed any symptom compatible with COVID-19. Vaccination status was obtained through worker registries. VE was calculated as 100% × (1–hazard ratio for SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated vs. unvaccinated participants), using an Andersen-Gill model adjusted for age, sex, state, and local viral circulation. Results: The cohort included 43,925 persons who were mostly (96%) female with a median age of 32 years; 37,646 (86%) were vaccinated with CanSino. During March–December 2021, 2,250 (5%) participants had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, of whom 25 were hospitalized and 6 died. Adjusted VE was 20% (95% CI = 10–29%) against illness, 76% (42–90%) against hospitalization, and 94% (66–99%) against death. VE against illness declined from 48% (95% CI = 33–61) after 14–60 days following full vaccination to 20% (95% CI = 9–31) after 61–120 days. Conclusions: CanSino vaccine was effective at preventing COVID-19 illness and highly effective at preventing hospitalization and death. It will be useful to further evaluate duration of protection and assess the value of booster doses to prevent COVID-19 and severe outcomes.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-17
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2022.04.14.22273413
    Database COVID19

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