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  1. Article ; Online: Multimodal analysis of disinformation and misinformation

    Anna Wilson / Seb Wilkes / Yayoi Teramoto / Scott Hale

    Royal Society Open Science, Vol 10, Iss

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: The use of disinformation and misinformation campaigns in the media has attracted much attention from academics and policy-makers. Multimodal analysis or the analysis of two or more semiotic systems—language, gestures, images, sounds, among others—in ... ...

    Abstract The use of disinformation and misinformation campaigns in the media has attracted much attention from academics and policy-makers. Multimodal analysis or the analysis of two or more semiotic systems—language, gestures, images, sounds, among others—in their interrelation and interaction is essential to understanding dis-/misinformation efforts because most human communication goes beyond just words. There is a confluence of many disciplines (e.g. computer science, linguistics, political science, communication studies) that are developing methods and analytical models of multimodal communication. This literature review brings research strands from these disciplines together, providing a map of the multi- and interdisciplinary landscape for multimodal analysis of dis-/misinformation. It records the substantial growth starting from the second quarter of 2020—the start of the COVID-19 epidemic in Western Europe—in the number of studies on multimodal dis-/misinformation coming from the field of computer science. The review examines that category of studies in more detail. Finally, the review identifies gaps in multimodal research on dis-/misinformation and suggests ways to bridge these gaps including future cross-disciplinary research directions. Our review provides scholars from different disciplines working on dis-/misinformation with a much needed bird's-eye view of the rapidly emerging research of multimodal dis-/misinformation.
    Keywords literature review ; multimodal dis-/misinformation ; qualitative analysis ; machine learning ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher The Royal Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Vocal development in a Waddington landscape

    Yayoi Teramoto / Daniel Y Takahashi / Philip Holmes / Asif A Ghazanfar

    eLife, Vol

    2017  Volume 6

    Abstract: Vocal development is the adaptive coordination of the vocal apparatus, muscles, the nervous system, and social interaction. Here, we use a quantitative framework based on optimal control theory and Waddington’s landscape metaphor to provide an integrated ...

    Abstract Vocal development is the adaptive coordination of the vocal apparatus, muscles, the nervous system, and social interaction. Here, we use a quantitative framework based on optimal control theory and Waddington’s landscape metaphor to provide an integrated view of this process. With a biomechanical model of the marmoset monkey vocal apparatus and behavioral developmental data, we show that only the combination of the developing vocal tract, vocal apparatus muscles and nervous system can fully account for the patterns of vocal development. Together, these elements influence the shape of the monkeys’ vocal developmental landscape, tilting, rotating or shifting it in different ways. We can thus use this framework to make quantitative predictions regarding how interfering factors or experimental perturbations can change the landscape within a species, or to explain comparative differences in vocal development across species
    Keywords marmoset monkey ; epigenetic landscape ; vocal tract resonance ; songbird ; neuromechanics ; developmental systems ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 710
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Sensory cortex is optimized for prediction of future input

    Yosef Singer / Yayoi Teramoto / Ben DB Willmore / Jan WH Schnupp / Andrew J King / Nicol S Harper

    eLife, Vol

    2018  Volume 7

    Abstract: Neurons in sensory cortex are tuned to diverse features in natural scenes. But what determines which features neurons become selective to? Here we explore the idea that neuronal selectivity is optimized to represent features in the recent sensory past ... ...

    Abstract Neurons in sensory cortex are tuned to diverse features in natural scenes. But what determines which features neurons become selective to? Here we explore the idea that neuronal selectivity is optimized to represent features in the recent sensory past that best predict immediate future inputs. We tested this hypothesis using simple feedforward neural networks, which were trained to predict the next few moments of video or audio in clips of natural scenes. The networks developed receptive fields that closely matched those of real cortical neurons in different mammalian species, including the oriented spatial tuning of primary visual cortex, the frequency selectivity of primary auditory cortex and, most notably, their temporal tuning properties. Furthermore, the better a network predicted future inputs the more closely its receptive fields resembled those in the brain. This suggests that sensory processing is optimized to extract those features with the most capacity to predict future input.
    Keywords prediction ; cortex ; ferret ; auditory ; normative ; model ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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