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  1. Article ; Online: Health poverty alleviation in China from the perspective of historical institutionalism

    Li Xu / Xiaojian You / Yinan Cui / Jiali You

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    policy changes and driving factors

    2024  Volume 11

    Abstract: Health poverty alleviation is an effective tool for improving the living quality and developmental conditions of impoverished populations. Since 1978, China has been actively implementing health poverty alleviation projects, resulting in a more robust ... ...

    Abstract Health poverty alleviation is an effective tool for improving the living quality and developmental conditions of impoverished populations. Since 1978, China has been actively implementing health poverty alleviation projects, resulting in a more robust rural healthcare service network and increased convenience for the local population to access medical treatment. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that China still faces a complex situation with the simultaneous existence of multiple disease threats and the interweaving of various health influencing factors. Ongoing risks of emerging infectious diseases persist, and some previously controlled or eliminated infectious diseases are at risk of resurgence. The incidence of chronic diseases is on the rise and exhibits a trend toward affecting younger populations. Therefore, examining the successful experiences of China's health poverty alleviation over the past 40 years becomes a critically important issue. The study focuses on China's health poverty alleviation policies, employing historical institutionalism as a theoretical perspective to analyze the historical changes and evolutionary logic of health poverty alleviation policies. A historical institutionalist analytical framework for health poverty alleviation policies is constructed. The research findings reveal that China's health poverty alleviation policy has undergone three distinct periods since 1978: the initial phase (1978–2000), the exploratory phase (2000–2012), and the stable development phase (2013–present). At the macro level, the political, economic, and social contexts of different periods have influenced the evolution of health poverty alleviation policies. On the meso level, coordination effects and adaptive expectations have had an impact on China's health poverty alleviation policy. At the micro level, various actors, including the central government, local governments at different levels, social forces, and impoverished communities, interact during the evolution of health poverty alleviation ...
    Keywords health poverty alleviation ; policy changes ; historical review ; driving force ; framework of historical institutionalism ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: Hotspots of Independent and Multiple Rounds of LTR-retrotransposon Bursts in Brassica Species

    CAI, Xu / Yinan CUI / Lei ZHANG / Jian WU / Jianli LIANG / Lin CHENG / Xiaowu WANG / Feng CHENG

    Horticultural plant journal. 2018 July, v. 4, no. 4

    2018  

    Abstract: Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are a predominant group of plant transposable elements (TEs) that are an important component of plant genomes. A large number of LTR-RTs have been annotated in the genomes of the agronomically important oil ...

    Abstract Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are a predominant group of plant transposable elements (TEs) that are an important component of plant genomes. A large number of LTR-RTs have been annotated in the genomes of the agronomically important oil and vegetable crops of the genus Brassica. Herein, full-length LTR-RTs in the genomes of Brassica and other closely related species were systematically analyzed. The full-length LTR-RT content varied greatly (from 0.43% to 23.4%) between different species, with Gypsy-like LTR-RTs constituting a primary group across these genomes. More importantly, many annotated LTR-RTs (from 10.03% to 33.25% of all detected LTR-RTs) were found to be enriched in localized hotspot regions. Furthermore, all of the analyzed species showed evidence of having experienced at least one round of a LTR-RT burst, with Raphanus sativus experiencing three or more. Moreover, these relatively ancient LTR-RT amplifications exhibited a clear expansion at specific time points. To gain a further understanding of this timing, Brassica rapa, B. oleracea, and R. sativus were examined for the presence of syntenic regions, but none were present. These findings indicate that these LTR-RT burst events were not inherited from a common ancestor, but instead were species-specific bursts that occurred after the divergence of Brassica species. This study further exemplifies the complexities of TE amplifications during the evolution of plant genomes and suggests that these LTR-RT bursts play an important role in genome expansion and divergence in Brassica species.
    Keywords Brassica oleracea ; Brassica rapa ; Raphanus sativus ; ancestry ; evolution ; genome ; genome expansion ; oils ; retrotransposons ; terminal repeat sequences ; transposons ; vegetable crops
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-07
    Size p. 165-174.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2468-0141
    DOI 10.1016/j.hpj.2018.05.002
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Self-Seeding of Block Copolymers with a π-Conjugated Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) Segment: A Versatile Route toward Monodisperse Fiber-like Nanostructures

    Tao, Daliao / Chun Feng / Ian Manners / Mitchell A. Winnik / Xian Yang / Xiaoyu Huang / Yijie Lu / Yinan Cui

    Macromolecules. 2018 Mar. 02, v. 51, no. 5

    2018  

    Abstract: Three well-defined crystalline–coil diblock copolymers of oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (OPV5-b-PNIPAM18, OPV5-b-PNIPAM49, and OPV5-b-PNIPAM75; the subscripts represent the number of repeat units of each block) with the same ... ...

    Abstract Three well-defined crystalline–coil diblock copolymers of oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (OPV5-b-PNIPAM18, OPV5-b-PNIPAM49, and OPV5-b-PNIPAM75; the subscripts represent the number of repeat units of each block) with the same crystallizable core-forming OPV segment but different corona-forming PNIPAM blocks of various chain lengths were synthesized. Their solution self-assembly behavior was examined in methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. Both the solvent and the length of the PNIPAM block were found to affect the self-assembly of the block copolymers. In methanol, OPV5-b-PNIPAM18 formed a mixture of fiber-like micelles of uniform width and two-dimensional platelet-like structures with fiber-like micelles protruding from the ends. In ethanol and in isopropanol, this polymer only formed long fiber-like micelles of uniform width. OPV5-b-PNIPAM49 formed long fiber-like micelles (several micrometers) of uniform width in all three solvents, but under the same self-assembly conditions, OPV5-b-PNIPAM75 only formed short fiber-like micelles with lengths of several hundred nanometers. We systematically examined the temperature-induced self-seeding behavior of all three block copolymers, exploring the influence of PNIPAM chain length, solvent, annealing time, and concentration of copolymer. The most remarkable result of these experiments is our finding that fiber-like micelles of uniform length with controlled lengths up to 1 μm can be easily prepared from all three block copolymers, even from OPV5-b-PNIPAM75 that formed only much shorter micelles under self-nucleated self-assembly. We also showed that the self-seeding strategy can be extended to other OPV-containing diblock copolymer such as OPV5-b-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) for preparing monodisperse fiber-like micelles of controllable length. These results show that the self-seeding approach to crystallization-driven self-assembly can be a versatile route to prepare uniform fiber-like micelles with controllable lengths for OPV-containing block copolymers.
    Keywords annealing ; composite polymers ; ethanol ; isopropyl alcohol ; methanol ; micelles ; nanomaterials ; solvents
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0302
    Size p. 2065-2075.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1491942-4
    ISSN 1520-5835 ; 0024-9297
    ISSN (online) 1520-5835
    ISSN 0024-9297
    DOI 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00046
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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