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  1. Article: Seroprevalence in Bats and Detection of

    Banerjee, Arinjay / Baid, Kaushal / Byron, Taylor / Yip, Alyssa / Ryan, Caleb / Thampy, Prasobh Raveendran / Broders, Hugh / Faure, Paul / Mossman, Karen

    Microorganisms

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 3

    Abstract: The role of bats in the enzootic cycle of Lyme disease and relapsing fever-causing bacteria is a matter of speculation. In Canada, ...

    Abstract The role of bats in the enzootic cycle of Lyme disease and relapsing fever-causing bacteria is a matter of speculation. In Canada,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms8030440
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Positive Selection of a Serine Residue in Bat IRF3 Confers Enhanced Antiviral Protection.

    Banerjee, Arinjay / Zhang, Xi / Yip, Alyssa / Schulz, Katharina S / Irving, Aaron T / Bowdish, Dawn / Golding, Brian / Wang, Lin-Fa / Mossman, Karen

    iScience

    2020  Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 100958

    Abstract: Compared with other mammals, bats harbor more zoonotic viruses per species and do not demonstrate signs of disease on infection with these viruses. To counteract infections with viruses, bats have evolved enhanced mechanisms to limit virus replication ... ...

    Abstract Compared with other mammals, bats harbor more zoonotic viruses per species and do not demonstrate signs of disease on infection with these viruses. To counteract infections with viruses, bats have evolved enhanced mechanisms to limit virus replication and immunopathology. However, molecular and cellular drivers of antiviral responses in bats largely remain an enigma. In this study, we demonstrate that a serine residue in IRF3 is positively selected for in multiple bat species. IRF3 is a central regulator of innate antiviral responses in mammals. Replacing the serine residue in bat IRF3 with the human leucine residue decreased antiviral protection in bat cells, whereas the addition of this serine residue in human IRF3 significantly enhanced antiviral protection in human cells. Our study provides genetic and functional evidence for enhanced IRF3-mediated antiviral responses in bats and adds support to speculations that bats have positively selected for multiple adaptations in their antiviral immune responses.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100958
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Seroprevalence in Bats and Detection of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> in Bat Ectoparasites

    Banerjee, Arinjay / Baid, Kaushal / Byron, Taylor / Yip, Alyssa / Ryan, Caleb / Thampy, Prasobh Raveendran / Broders, Hugh / Faure, Paul / Mossman, Karen

    Microorganisms. 2020 Mar. 20, v. 8, no. 3

    2020  

    Abstract: The role of bats in the enzootic cycle of Lyme disease and relapsing fever-causing bacteria is a matter of speculation. In Canada, ... Borrelia burgdorferi ... sensu stricto (ss) is the genospecies that is responsible for most cases of Lyme disease in ... ...

    Abstract The role of bats in the enzootic cycle of Lyme disease and relapsing fever-causing bacteria is a matter of speculation. In Canada, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss) is the genospecies that is responsible for most cases of Lyme disease in humans. In this study, we determined if big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus, have been exposed to spirochetes from the genus Borrelia. We collected serum from 31 bats and tested them for the presence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We detected cross-reactive antibodies to Borrelia spp. in 14 of 31 bats. We confirmed the ELISA data using a commercial immunoblot assay. Pooled sera from ELISA-positive bats also cross-reacted with Borrelia antigens coated on the immunoblot strips, whereas pooled sera from ELISA-negative bats did not bind to Borrelia spp. antigens. Furthermore, to identify if bat ectoparasites, such as mites, can carry Borrelia spp., we analyzed DNA from 142 bat ectoparasites that were collected between 2003 and 2019. We detected DNA for the Borrelia burgdorferi flaB gene in one bat mite, Spinturnix americanus. The low detection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in bat ectoparasites suggests that bats are not reservoirs of this bacterium. Data from this study also raises intriguing questions about Borrelia infections in bats, including the role of humoral immunity and the ability of bats to be infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. This study can lead to more sampling efforts and controlled laboratory studies to identify if bats can be infected with Borrelia burgdorferi and the role of bat ectoparasites, such as S. americanus, in the transmission of this spirochete. Furthermore, we outlined reagents that can be used to adapt ELISA kits and immunoblot strips for use with bat sera.
    Keywords Borrelia burgdorferi ; DNA ; Eptesicus fuscus ; Lyme disease ; bacteria ; blood serum ; ectoparasites ; enzootic diseases ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; genes ; humoral immunity ; mites ; seroprevalence ; Canada
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0320
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms8030440
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

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