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Article ; Online: Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes

Alexandra Moura / Alexandre Leclercq / Guillaume Vales / Nathalie Tessaud-Rita / Hélène Bracq-Dieye / Pierre Thouvenot / Yoann Madec / Caroline Charlier / Marc Lecuit

The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, Vol 37, Iss , Pp 100800- (2024)

an observational study in FranceResearch in context

1481

Abstract: Summary: Background: Large-scale studies are needed to clarify antimicrobial resistance in the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and the effectiveness of listeriosis treatment options. Here we examined the antimicrobial resistance patterns ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Background: Large-scale studies are needed to clarify antimicrobial resistance in the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and the effectiveness of listeriosis treatment options. Here we examined the antimicrobial resistance patterns in Lm over time and assessed genotype-phenotype concordances. Methods: We analyzed 5339 Lm isolates (2908 clinical and 2431 food isolates) collected in France and overseas territories, between 2012 and 2019. Whole genome sequencing was performed for all isolates and antimicrobial resistance profiles inferred from draft assemblies. Antimicrobial susceptibility towards 22 antimicrobials was determined for all clinical isolates, and in food isolates with acquired resistance genes. Findings: All tested isolates were resistant to at least 3 different classes of antimicrobials, consistent with Lm intrinsic traits. Acquired antimicrobial resistance in Lm was rare (2.23% isolates) and more prevalent in food (mainly lineage II) compared to clinical isolates (mainly lineage I) (3.74% vs 0.98%, p < 0.0001), and in isolates with disinfectants or stress resistance traits (e.g. bcrABC, 20.20% vs 7.20%, p < 0.0001), suggesting co-selection of resistance in food-production environments. Acquired antimicrobial resistance could be predicted from genomes with high accuracy (>99%), except for ciprofloxacin. Acquired antimicrobial phenotypes were towards tetracyclines (mostly due to tetM), trimethoprim (dfrD), lincosamides (lnuG), macrolides (ermB, mphB) and phenicols (fexA). Interpretation: The reference treatment for listeriosis (aminopenicillins/aminoglycosides) remains effective, with no acquired resistance observed. Continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in clinical and food isolates is crucial to detect the emergence of novel resistance. Funding: Institut Pasteur, INSERM, Santé Publique France, Investissement d’Avenir program Laboratoire d’Excellence ‘Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases’ (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID).
Keywords	Listeriosis ; Antimicrobial resistance ; Genome ; Phenotype ; Prediction ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A laboratory-based study to explore the use of honey-impregnated cards to detect chikungunya virus in mosquito saliva.

Lisa Fourniol / Yoann Madec / Laurence Mousson / Marie Vazeille / Anna-Bella Failloux

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 4, p e

2021 Volume 0249471

Abstract: Mosquito control is implemented when arboviruses are detected in patients or in field-collected mosquitoes. However, mass screening of mosquitoes is usually laborious and expensive, requiring specialized expertise and equipment. Detection of virus in ... ...

Abstract	Mosquito control is implemented when arboviruses are detected in patients or in field-collected mosquitoes. However, mass screening of mosquitoes is usually laborious and expensive, requiring specialized expertise and equipment. Detection of virus in mosquito saliva using honey-impregnated filter papers seems to be a promising method as it is non-destructive and allows monitoring the viral excretion dynamics over time from the same mosquito. Here we test the use of filter papers to detect chikungunya virus in mosquito saliva in laboratory conditions, before proposing this method in large-scale mosquito surveillance programs. We found that 0.9 cm2 cards impregnated with a 50% honey solution could replace the forced salivation technique as they offered a viral RNA detection until 7 days after oral infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes with CHIKV.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Virological success after 12 and 24 months of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa

Fabien Taieb / Yoann Madec / Amandine Cournil / Eric Delaporte

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 4, p e

Comparing results of trials, cohorts and cross-sectional studies using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

2017 Volume 0174767

Abstract: UNAIDS recently defined the 90-90-90 target as a way to end the HIV epidemic. However, the proportion of virological success following antiretroviral therapy (ART) may not be as high as the anticipated 90%, and may in fact be highly heterogeneous. We ... ...

Abstract	UNAIDS recently defined the 90-90-90 target as a way to end the HIV epidemic. However, the proportion of virological success following antiretroviral therapy (ART) may not be as high as the anticipated 90%, and may in fact be highly heterogeneous. We aimed to describe the proportion of virological success in sub-Saharan Africa and to identify factors associated with the proportion of virological success.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on the proportion of patients in sub-Saharan Africa who demonstrate virological success at 12 and 24 months since ART initiation, as well as at 6 and 36 months, where possible. Programme factors associated with the proportion of virological success were identified using meta-regression. Analyses were conducted using both on-treatment (OT) and intention-to-treat (ITT) approaches.Eighty-five articles were included in the meta-analysis, corresponding to 125 independent study populations. Using an on-treatment approach, the proportions (95% confidence interval (CI)) of virological success at 12 (n = 64) and at 24 (n = 32) months since ART initiation were 87.7% (81.3-91.0) and 83.7% (79.8-87.6), respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that the proportion of virological success was not different by study design. Multivariate analysis at 24 months showed that the proportion of virological success was significantly larger in studies conducted in public sector sites than in other sites (p = 0.045). Using an ITT approach, the proportions (95% CI) of virological success at 12 (n = 50) and at 24 (n = 20) months were 65.4% (61.8-69.1) and 56.8% (51.3-62.4), respectively. At 12 months, multivariate analysis showed that the proportion of success was significantly lower in cohort studies than in trials (63.0% vs. 71.1%; p = 0.017). At 24 months, univariate analysis demonstrated that the proportion of success was also lower in cohorts.Regardless of the time following ART initiation, and of the threshold, proportions of virological success were highly variable. ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 intra-household child-to-parent transmission associated with ventilation

Simon Galmiche / Tiffany Charmet / Yoann Madec / Arthur Rakover / Laura Schaeffer / Olivia Chény / Faïza Omar / Sophie Martin / Alexandra Mailles / Fabrice Carrat / Arnaud Fontanet

BMC Public Health, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-

results from a case–control study

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Purpose Our objective was to describe circumstances of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission and to identify factors associated with a lower risk of transmission in a nationwide case–control study in France. Methods In a descriptive analysis, we ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Purpose Our objective was to describe circumstances of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission and to identify factors associated with a lower risk of transmission in a nationwide case–control study in France. Methods In a descriptive analysis, we analysed cases reporting transmission from someone in the household (source case). Index cases could invite a non-infected household member to participate as a related control. In such situations, we compared the exposures of the index case and related control to the source case by conditional logistic regression matched for household, restricted to households in which the source case was a child, and the index case and related control were the infected child’s parents. Results From October 27, 2020 to May 16, 2022, we included 104 373 cases for the descriptive analysis with a documented infection from another household member. The source case was mostly the index case’s child (46.9%) or partner (45.7%). In total, 1026 index cases invited a related control to participate in the study. In the case–control analysis, we included 611 parental pairs of cases and controls exposed to the same infected child. COVID-19 vaccination with 3 + doses versus no vaccination (OR 0.1, 95%CI: 0.04–0.4), isolation from the source case (OR 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4–0.97) and the ventilation of indoor areas (OR 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4–0.9) were associated with lower risk of infection. Conclusion Household transmission was common during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in France. Mitigation strategies, including isolation and ventilation, decreased the risk of secondary transmission within the household. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT04607941.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; Home environment ; Family ; Patient isolation ; Ventilation ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	535
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Real life condition evaluation of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA antivenom effectiveness in Cameroon.

Jean-Philippe Chippaux / Rodrigue Ntone / David Benhammou / Yoann Madec / Gaëlle Noël / Anais Perilhou / Fai Karl / Pierre Amta / Marie Sanchez / Lucrece Matchim / Pedro Clauteaux / Lucrèce Eteki / Mark Ndifon / Yap Boum / Armand S Nkwescheu / Fabien Taieb

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 11, p e

2023 Volume 0011707

Abstract: Background Snakebites is a serious public health issue but remains a neglected tropical disease. Data on antivenom effectiveness are urgently needed in Africa. We assessed effectiveness of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA (IPA), the recommended antivenom available in ... ...

Abstract	Background Snakebites is a serious public health issue but remains a neglected tropical disease. Data on antivenom effectiveness are urgently needed in Africa. We assessed effectiveness of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA (IPA), the recommended antivenom available in Cameroon. Methodology/principal findings We enrolled 447 patients presenting with snakebite in 14 health facilities across Cameroon. At presentation, cytotoxicity, coagulation troubles and neurotoxicity were graded. We administered two to four vials of antivenom to patients based on hemotoxic or neurotoxic signs. We renewed antivenom administration to patients with persistence of bleedings or neurotoxicity 2 hours after each injection. We defined early improvement as a reduction of the grade of envenomation symptoms 2 hours after first injection. Medium-term effectiveness was investigated looking at disappearance of symptoms during hospitalization. After hospital discharge, a home visit was planned to assess long-term outcomes. Between October 2019 and May 2021, we enrolled 447 (93.7%), including 72% from the savannah regions. The median [IQR] age was 25 [14-40]. Envenomation was diagnosed in 369 (82.6%) participants. The antivenom was administered to 356 patients (96.5%) of whom 256 (71.9%) received one administration. Among these patients, cytotoxic symptoms were observed in 336 (94.4%) participants, coagulation disorders in 234 (65.7%) participants and neurotoxicity in 23 (6.5%) participants. Two hours after the first administration of antivenom, we observed a decrease in coagulation disorders or neurotoxicity in 75.2% and 39.1% of patients, respectively. Complete cessation of bleedings and neurotoxicity occurred in 96% and 93% of patients within 24 hours, respectively. Sequelae have been observed in 9 (3%) patients at the home visit 15 days after hospital admission and 11 (3%) died including one before antivenom injection. Conclusions/significance We confirmed good effectiveness of the IPA and highlighted the rapid improvement in bleeding or neurotoxicity ...
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The recently introduced Aedes albopictus in Tunisia has the potential to transmit chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses.

Chloé Bohers / Laurence Mousson / Yoann Madec / Marie Vazeille / Adel Rhim / Youmna M'ghirbi / Ali Bouattour / Anna-Bella Failloux

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 10, p e

2020 Volume 0008475

Abstract: The mosquito Aedes albopictus was detected for the first time in Tunisia in 2018. With its establishment in the capital city of Tunis, local health authorities fear the introduction of new human arboviral diseases, like what happened in Europe with ... ...

Abstract	The mosquito Aedes albopictus was detected for the first time in Tunisia in 2018. With its establishment in the capital city of Tunis, local health authorities fear the introduction of new human arboviral diseases, like what happened in Europe with unexpected local cases of chikungunya, dengue and Zika. Even though this mosquito is competent to transmit the arboviruses mentioned above, the transmission level will vary depending on the couple, mosquito population and virus genotype. Here, we assessed the vector competence of Ae. albopictus Tunisia by experimental infections with chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. We found that Ae. albopictus Tunisia was highly competent for CHIKV (transmission efficiency of 25% at 21 post-infection) and to a lesser extent, for ZIKV (8.7%) and DENV (8.3%). Virus was detected in mosquito saliva at day 3 (CHIKV), day 10 (ZIKV) and day 21 (DENV) post-infection. These results suggest that the risk of emergence of chikungunya is the highest imposing a more sustained surveillance to limit Ae. albopictus populations in densely populated urban dwellings and at the entry points of travelers returning from CHIKV-endemic regions.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Potential of Aedes albopictus to cause the emergence of arboviruses in Morocco.

Fadila Amraoui / Wiem Ben Ayed / Yoann Madec / Chafika Faraj / Oumnia Himmi / Ameur Btissam / Mhammed Sarih / Anna-Bella Failloux

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 2, p e

2019 Volume 0006997

Abstract: In 2015, the mosquito Aedes albopictus was detected in Rabat, Morocco. This invasive species can be involved in the transmission of more than 25 arboviruses. It is known that each combination of mosquito population and virus genotype leads to a specific ... ...

Abstract	In 2015, the mosquito Aedes albopictus was detected in Rabat, Morocco. This invasive species can be involved in the transmission of more than 25 arboviruses. It is known that each combination of mosquito population and virus genotype leads to a specific interaction that can shape the outcome of infection. Testing the vector competence of local mosquitoes is therefore a prerequisite to assess the risks of emergence. A field-collected strain of Ae. albopictus from Morocco was experimentally infected with dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), zika (ZIKV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses. We found that this species can highly transmit CHIKV and to a lesser extent, DENV, ZIKV and YFV. Viruses can be detected in mosquito saliva at day 3 (CHIKV), day 14 (DENV and YFV), and day 21 (ZIKV) post-infection. These results suggest that the local transmission of these four arboviruses by Ae. albopictus newly introduced in Morocco is a likely scenario. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov APAFIS#6573-201606l412077987v2.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant on incubation, transmission settings and vaccine effectiveness

Rebecca Grant / Tiffany Charmet / Laura Schaeffer / Simon Galmiche / Yoann Madec / Cassandre Von Platen / Olivia Chény / Faïza Omar / Christophe David / Alexandra Rogoff / Juliette Paireau / Simon Cauchemez / Fabrice Carrat / Alexandra Septfons / Daniel Levy-Bruhl / Alexandra Mailles / Arnaud Fontanet

The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, Vol 13, Iss , Pp 100278- (2022)

Results from a nationwide case-control study in France

2022

Abstract: Summary: Background: We aimed to assess the settings and activities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant circulation in France, as well as the protection against symptomatic Delta infection. Methods: In this ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Background: We aimed to assess the settings and activities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant circulation in France, as well as the protection against symptomatic Delta infection. Methods: In this nationwide case-control study, cases were SARS-CoV-2 infected adults recruited between 23 May and 13 August 2021. Controls were non-infected adults from a national representative panel matched to cases by age, sex, region, population density and calendar week. Participants completed an online questionnaire and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and recent activity-related exposures, past history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination. Findings: We did not find any differences in the settings and activities associated with Delta versus non-Delta infections and grouped them for subsequent analyses. In multivariable analysis involving 12634 cases (8644 Delta and 3990 non-Delta) and 5560 controls, we found individuals under 40 years and attending bars (aOR:1.9; 95%CI:1.6-2.2) or parties (aOR:3.4; 95%CI:2.8-4.2) to be at increased risk of infection. In those aged 40 years and older, having children attend daycare (aOR:1.9; 95%CI:1.1-3.3), kindergarten (aOR:1.6; 95%CI:1.2-2.1), primary school (aOR:1.4; 95%CI:1.2-1.6) or middle school (aOR:1.3; 95%CI:1.2-1.6) were associated with increased risk of infection. We found strong protection against symptomatic Delta infection for those with prior infection whether it was recent (2-6 months) (95%; 95%CI:90-97) or associated with one dose (85%; 95%CI:78-90) or two doses of mRNA vaccine (96%; 95%CI:87-99). For those without past infection, protection was lower with two doses of mRNA vaccine (67%; 95%CI:63-71). Interpretation: In line with other observational studies, we find reduced vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic Delta infections. The settings and activities at increased risk of infection indicate where efforts to reinforce individual and public health measures need to be concentrated.
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Assessment of HIV viral load monitoring in remote settings in Vietnam - comparing people who inject drugs to the other patients.

Louise H Lefrancois / Binh Thanh Nguyen / Tram Thi Phuong Pham / Nhung Thi Hong Le / Huyen Thi Thanh Dao / Tram Hong Tran / Khanh Phuong Ngo / Ha Thi Tong / Huong Thi Thu Phan / Mohand Ait-Ahmed / Thang Hong Pham / Tuan Anh Nguyen / Fabien Taieb / Yoann Madec / MOVIDA 2 study group

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 2, p e

2023 Volume 0281857

Abstract: Introduction Increasing access to viral load (VL) monitoring is essential to fight HIV epidemics. In remote settings in Vietnam, using dried blood spot (DBS) sampling for specimen collection could improve the situation. Here, people who inject drugs ( ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Increasing access to viral load (VL) monitoring is essential to fight HIV epidemics. In remote settings in Vietnam, using dried blood spot (DBS) sampling for specimen collection could improve the situation. Here, people who inject drugs (PWID) represent many newly antiretroviral therapy (ART)-initiated patients. The goals of this evaluation were to evaluate if access to VL monitoring and the rate of virological failure differed between PWID and non-PWID. Methods Prospective cohort study of patients newly initiated on ART in remote settings in Vietnam. DBS coverage at 6, 12 and 24 months of ART was investigated. Factors associated with DBS coverage were identified through logistic regression, as were factors associated with virological failure (VL ≥1,000 copies/mL) at 6, 12 and 24 months of ART. Results Overall 578 patients were enrolled in the cohort, of whom 261 (45%) were PWID. DBS coverage improved from 74.7% to 82.9% between 6 and 24 months of ART (p = 0.001). PWID status was not associated with DBS coverage (p = 0.74), but DBS coverage was lower in patients who were late to clinical visits and in those in WHO stage 4 (p = 0.023 and p = 0.001, respectively). The virological failure rate decreased from 15.8% to 6.6% between 6 and 24 months of ART (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, PWID were more at risk of failure (p = 0.001), as were patients who were late to clinical visits (p<0.001) and not fully adherent (p<0.001). Conclusions Despite training and simple procedures, DBS coverage was not perfect. DBS coverage was not associated with PWID status. Close management is required for effective routine HIV VL monitoring. PWID were more at risk of failure, as were patients who were not fully adherent and patients who were late to clinical visits. Specific interventions targeting these patients are needed to improve their outcomes. Overall, efforts in coordination and communication are essential to improve global HIV care. Trial registration Clinical Trial Number: NCT03249493.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Vector competence of Aedes albopictus populations for chikungunya virus is shaped by their demographic history

Anubis Vega-Rúa / Michele Marconcini / Yoann Madec / Mosè Manni / Davide Carraretto / Ludvik Marcus Gomulski / Giuliano Gasperi / Anna-Bella Failloux / Anna Rodolfa Malacrida

Communications Biology, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 13

Abstract: Anubis Vega-Rúa, Michele Marconcini et al. study how the dynamics of genetics and admixture events of Aedes albopictus affect its competence for the CHIKV. Using microsatellites, they found that the demographic history influences the competence for the ... ...

Abstract	Anubis Vega-Rúa, Michele Marconcini et al. study how the dynamics of genetics and admixture events of Aedes albopictus affect its competence for the CHIKV. Using microsatellites, they found that the demographic history influences the competence for the virus and is an important feature to assess the risk of outbreaks in new areas.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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