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  1. Article ; Online: KNT-127, a selective delta opioid receptor agonist, shows beneficial effects in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of a chronic vicarious social defeat stress mouse model.

    Yoshioka, Toshinori / Yamada, Daisuke / Segi-Nishida, Eri / Nagase, Hiroshi / Saitoh, Akiyoshi

    Neuropharmacology

    2023  Volume 232, Page(s) 109511

    Abstract: Delta opioid receptors (DOPs) play an important role in depression and other mood disorders. However, little is known about the underlying physiological mechanisms. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and ... ...

    Abstract Delta opioid receptors (DOPs) play an important role in depression and other mood disorders. However, little is known about the underlying physiological mechanisms. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation are regarded as key pathophysiological factors in depression. In this study, we investigated the influence of DOP activation on those factors in a valid animal model of depression, chronic vicarious social defeat stress (cVSDS) mice. cVSDS mice (male C57BL/6J mice) were produced following a 10-day exposure to witness of social defeat stress, and each evaluation was performed more than 28 days after the stress period. Repeated administrations to cVSDS mice with a selective DOP agonist, KNT-127, both during (10 days) and after (28 days) the stress period respectively improved their decreased social interaction behaviors and increased serum corticosterone levels. When administered during the stress period, KNT-127 suppressed decreases in the hippocampal newborn neuron survival rate in cVSDS mice. Moreover, in both administration paradigms, KNT-127 reduced the number of Iba-1- and CD11b-positive cells in the subgranular zone and the granule cell layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, indicating a suppression of cVSDS-induced microglial overactivation. These results suggest that KNT-127 acts over the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and regulates neurogenesis and neuroinflammation resulting in anti-stress effects, and the antidepressant-like effects of the DOP agonist are implicated in the suppression of the neuroinflammation. This study presents a new finding on the effects of repeated DOP activations on the pathophysiological states of depression.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Mice ; Animals ; Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists ; Social Defeat ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism ; Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; Dentate Gyrus/metabolism ; Stress, Psychological/drug therapy ; Neurogenesis ; Depression/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances KNT 127 ; Receptors, Opioid, delta ; Analgesics, Opioid
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218272-5
    ISSN 1873-7064 ; 0028-3908
    ISSN (online) 1873-7064
    ISSN 0028-3908
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109511
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Learning acquisition of consistent leader-follower relationships depends on implicit haptic interactions.

    Takai, Asuka / Fu, Qiushi / Doibata, Yuzuru / Lisi, Giuseppe / Tsuchiya, Toshiki / Mojtahedi, Keivan / Yoshioka, Toshinori / Kawato, Mitsuo / Morimoto, Jun / Santello, Marco

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 3476

    Abstract: Are leaders made or born? Leader-follower roles have been well characterized in social science, but they remain somewhat obscure in sensory-motor coordination. Furthermore, it is unknown how and why leader-follower relationships are acquired, including ... ...

    Abstract Are leaders made or born? Leader-follower roles have been well characterized in social science, but they remain somewhat obscure in sensory-motor coordination. Furthermore, it is unknown how and why leader-follower relationships are acquired, including innate versus acquired controversies. We developed a novel asymmetrical coordination task in which two participants (dyad) need to collaborate in transporting a simulated beam while maintaining its horizontal attitude. This experimental paradigm was implemented by twin robotic manipulanda, simulated beam dynamics, haptic interactions, and a projection screen. Clear leader-follower relationships were learned only when strong haptic feedback was introduced. This phenomenon occurred despite participants not being informed that they were interacting with each other and the large number of equally-valid alternative dyadic coordination strategies. We demonstrate the emergence of consistent leader-follower relationships in sensory-motor coordination, and further show that haptic interaction is essential for dyadic co-adaptation. These results provide insights into neural mechanisms responsible for the formation of leader-follower relationships in our society.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Haptic Technology ; Learning ; Acclimatization ; Biological Transport
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-29722-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The delta opioid receptor agonist KNT-127 relieves innate anxiety-like behavior in mice by suppressing transmission from the prelimbic cortex to basolateral amygdala.

    Kawaminami, Ayako / Yamada, Daisuke / Yoshioka, Toshinori / Hatakeyama, Azumi / Nishida, Moeno / Kajino, Keita / Saitoh, Tsuyoshi / Nagase, Hiroshi / Saitoh, Akiyoshi

    Neuropsychopharmacology reports

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 256–261

    Abstract: Aim: Excitatory projections from the prelimbic cortex (PL) to the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) are implicated in the regulation of anxiety-like behaviors, and we previously demonstrated that anxiolytic-like effects of the selective delta- ... ...

    Abstract Aim: Excitatory projections from the prelimbic cortex (PL) to the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) are implicated in the regulation of anxiety-like behaviors, and we previously demonstrated that anxiolytic-like effects of the selective delta-opioid receptor (DOP) agonist KNT-127 is involved in suppressing glutamate neurotransmission in the PL. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic-like effect of KNT-127 in mice by combining optogenetic stimulation of the PL-BLA pathway with behavioral analyses.
    Methods: Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received bilateral administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV)2-CaMKIIa-hChR2(H134R)-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) into the PL to induce expression of the light-activated excitatory ionic channel ChR2. Subsequently, an optic fiber cannula connected to a wireless photo-stimulator was implanted into the BLA for optogenetic PL-BLA pathway stimulation. We evaluated innate anxiety using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests as well as learned anxiety using the contextual fear conditioning (CFC) test.
    Results: Optogenetic activation of the PL-BLA pathway enhanced anxiety-like behaviors in the EPM and OF, while prior subcutaneous administration of KNT-127 (10 mg/kg) reduced this anxiogenic effect. In contrast, optogenetic activation of the PL-BLA pathway had no significant effect on conditioned fear.
    Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the PL-BLA circuit contributes to innate anxiety and that the anxiolytic-like effects of KNT-127 are mediated at least in part by suppression of PL-BLA transmission. The PL delta-opioid receptor may thus be an effective therapeutic target for anxiety disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Male ; Basolateral Nuclear Complex/metabolism ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists ; Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Anxiety ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Morphinans
    Chemical Substances KNT 127 ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Receptors, Opioid, delta ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Morphinans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2574-173X
    ISSN (online) 2574-173X
    DOI 10.1002/npr2.12406
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Hierarchical motor adaptations negotiate failures during force field learning.

    Ikegami, Tsuyoshi / Ganesh, Gowrishankar / Gibo, Tricia L / Yoshioka, Toshinori / Osu, Rieko / Kawato, Mitsuo

    PLoS computational biology

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) e1008481

    Abstract: Humans have the amazing ability to learn the dynamics of the body and environment to develop motor skills. Traditional motor studies using arm reaching paradigms have viewed this ability as the process of 'internal model adaptation'. However, the ... ...

    Abstract Humans have the amazing ability to learn the dynamics of the body and environment to develop motor skills. Traditional motor studies using arm reaching paradigms have viewed this ability as the process of 'internal model adaptation'. However, the behaviors have not been fully explored in the case when reaches fail to attain the intended target. Here we examined human reaching under two force fields types; one that induces failures (i.e., target errors), and the other that does not. Our results show the presence of a distinct failure-driven adaptation process that enables quick task success after failures, and before completion of internal model adaptation, but that can result in persistent changes to the undisturbed trajectory. These behaviors can be explained by considering a hierarchical interaction between internal model adaptation and the failure-driven adaptation of reach direction. Our findings suggest that movement failure is negotiated using hierarchical motor adaptations by humans.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Physiological ; Arm/physiology ; Humans ; Movement ; Psychomotor Performance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2193340-6
    ISSN 1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
    ISSN (online) 1553-7358
    ISSN 1553-734X
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008481
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Chronic vicarious social defeat stress attenuates new-born neuronal cell survival in mouse hippocampus.

    Yoshioka, Toshinori / Yamada, Daisuke / Kobayashi, Riho / Segi-Nishida, Eri / Saitoh, Akiyoshi

    Behavioural brain research

    2021  Volume 416, Page(s) 113536

    Abstract: Increasing evidence has shown that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is closely related to the pathophysiological condition of depressive disorders. Recently, chronic social defeat stress paradigms have been regarded as important animal models of depression, ...

    Abstract Increasing evidence has shown that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is closely related to the pathophysiological condition of depressive disorders. Recently, chronic social defeat stress paradigms have been regarded as important animal models of depression, accompanied with neural plastic changes in the hippocampus. However, little is known about influences of non-physical stress on neurogenesis. In the present study, we focused on the chronic vicarious social defeat stress paradigm and examined the effect of psychological stress on mouse hippocampal neurogenesis. Immediately after the chronic psychological stress, the cell survival rate in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was significantly diminished without modifying the cell proliferation rate. The decreased ratio in cell survival persisted for 4 weeks after the stress-loading period, while the differentiation and maturity of new-born neurons were identical to control groups. Furthermore, treatment with the chronic antidepressant fluoxetine reversed the social behavioral deficits and promoted new-born neurons survival. These results demonstrate that emotional stress in the vicarious social defeat stress paradigm influences neuronal cell survival in the hippocampus, which reinforces its validity as an animal model of depression.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fluoxetine/antagonists & inhibitors ; Fluoxetine/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Neurogenesis/drug effects ; Neurogenesis/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Social Defeat
    Chemical Substances Antidepressive Agents ; Fluoxetine (01K63SUP8D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 449927-x
    ISSN 1872-7549 ; 0166-4328
    ISSN (online) 1872-7549
    ISSN 0166-4328
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113536
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Examining the usefulness of the brain network marker program using fMRI for the diagnosis and stratification of major depressive disorder: a non-randomized study protocol.

    Okada, Go / Sakai, Yuki / Shibakawa, Maki / Yoshioka, Toshinori / Itai, Eri / Shinzato, Hotaka / Yamamoto, Osamu / Kurata, Kenichi / Tamura, Tatsuji / Jitsuiki, Hiroaki / Yamashita, Hidehisa / Mantani, Akio / Yokota, Norio / Kawato, Mitsuo / Okamoto, Yasumasa

    BMC psychiatry

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 63

    Abstract: Background: Although many studies have reported the biological basis of major depressive disorder (MDD), none have been put into practical use. Recently, we developed a generalizable brain network marker for MDD diagnoses (diagnostic marker) across ... ...

    Abstract Background: Although many studies have reported the biological basis of major depressive disorder (MDD), none have been put into practical use. Recently, we developed a generalizable brain network marker for MDD diagnoses (diagnostic marker) across multiple imaging sites using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). We have planned this clinical trial to establish evidence for the practical applicability of this diagnostic marker as a medical device. In addition, we have developed generalizable brain network markers for MDD stratification (stratification markers), and the verification of these brain network markers is a secondary endpoint of this study.
    Methods: This is a non-randomized, open-label study involving patients with MDD and healthy controls (HCs). We will prospectively acquire rs-fMRI data from 50 patients with MDD and 50 HCs and anterogradely verify whether our diagnostic marker can distinguish between patients with MDD and HCs. Furthermore, we will longitudinally obtain rs-fMRI and clinical data at baseline and 6 weeks later in 80 patients with MDD treated with escitalopram and verify whether it is possible to prospectively distinguish MDD subtypes that are expected to be effectively responsive to escitalopram using our stratification markers.
    Discussion: In this study, we will confirm that sufficient accuracy of the diagnostic marker could be reproduced for data from a prospective clinical study. Using longitudinally obtained data, we will also examine whether the "brain network marker for MDD diagnosis" reflects treatment effects in patients with MDD and whether treatment effects can be predicted by "brain network markers for MDD stratification". Data collected in this study will be extremely important for the clinical application of the brain network markers for MDD diagnosis and stratification.
    Trial registration: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials ( jRCTs062220063 ). Registered 12/10/2022.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Brain ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnostic imaging ; Depressive Disorder, Major/pathology ; Escitalopram ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic
    Chemical Substances Escitalopram (4O4S742ANY)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2050438-X
    ISSN 1471-244X ; 1471-244X
    ISSN (online) 1471-244X
    ISSN 1471-244X
    DOI 10.1186/s12888-023-04560-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Control strategy of hand movement depends on target redundancy.

    Togo, Shunta / Yoshioka, Toshinori / Imamizu, Hiroshi

    Scientific reports

    2017  Volume 7, Page(s) 45722

    Abstract: Reaching toward a point target has been intensively studied in human motor control. However, little is known about reaching toward a redundant target, such as grasping a bar, in which the grasping point is irrelevant to the achievement of a task. We ... ...

    Abstract Reaching toward a point target has been intensively studied in human motor control. However, little is known about reaching toward a redundant target, such as grasping a bar, in which the grasping point is irrelevant to the achievement of a task. We examined whether humans could solve the target-redundancy and control problems in a serial fashion or control their body without solving the target-redundancy problem. We equalized the target ranges between two reaching tasks: a point-to-point reaching task without target-redundancy and a point-to-bar reaching task with target-redundancy. In the both tasks, we measured hand viscoelasticity at movement end as parameters that reflect the adopted control strategy. As a result, the hand viscoelasticity in the point-to-bar reaching task was smaller than that in the point-to-point reaching task, even under the same kinematics. These results indicate that the hand viscoelasticity was modulated depending on the target-redundancy. Moreover, it is suggested that a human reaches toward a redundant target by effectively utilizing information of target redundancy rather than explicitly solving the target-redundancy problem.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Psychomotor Performance ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/srep45722
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Book ; Online: Two are not always better than one

    Takai, Asuka / Fu, Qiushi / Doibata, Yuzuru / Lisi, Giuseppe / Tsuchiya, Toshiki / Mojtahedi, Keivan / Yoshioka, Toshinori / Kawato, Mitsuo / Morimoto, Jun / Santello, Marco

    Role specialization is an important determinant of collaborative task performance

    2022  

    Abstract: Collaboration frequently yields better results in decision making, learning, and haptic interactions than when these actions are performed individually. However, is collaboration always superior to solo actions, or do its benefits depend on whether ... ...

    Abstract Collaboration frequently yields better results in decision making, learning, and haptic interactions than when these actions are performed individually. However, is collaboration always superior to solo actions, or do its benefits depend on whether collaborating individuals have different or the same roles? To answer this question, we asked human subjects to perform virtual-reality collaborative and individual beam transportation tasks. These tasks were simulated in real-time by coupling the motion of a pair of hand-held robotic manipulanda to the virtual beam using virtual spring-dampers. For the task to be considered successful, participants had to complete it within temporal and spatial constraints. While the visual feedback remained the same, the underlying dynamics of the beam were altered to create two distinctive task contexts which were determined by a moving pivot constraint. When the pivot was placed at the center of the beam, two hands contribute to the task with symmetric mechanical leverage (symmetric context). When the pivot was placed at the left side of the beam, two hands contribute to the task with asymmetric mechanical leverage (asymmetric context). Participants performed these task contexts either individually with both hands (solo), or collaboratively by pairing one hand with another one (dyads). We found that dyads in the asymmetric context performed better than solos. In contrast, solos performed the symmetric context better than dyads. Importantly, we found that two hands took different roles in the asymmetric context for both solos and dyads. In contrast, the contribution from each hand was statistically indistinguishable in the symmetric context. Our findings suggest that better performance in dyads than solos is not a general phenomenon, but rather that collaboration yields better performance only when role specialization emerges in dyadic interactions.
    Keywords Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
    Subject code 150
    Publishing date 2022-05-12
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Repeated psychological stress, chronic vicarious social defeat stress, evokes irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms in mice.

    Yoshioka, Toshinori / Ohashi, Misaki / Matsumoto, Kenjiro / Omata, Tomoki / Hamano, Takumi / Yamazaki, Mayuna / Kimiki, Sayaka / Okano, Kotaro / Kobayashi, Riho / Yamada, Daisuke / Hada, Noriyasu / Kato, Shinichi / Saitoh, Akiyoshi

    Frontiers in neuroscience

    2022  Volume 16, Page(s) 993132

    Abstract: Increasing evidence has demonstrated that emotional states and intestinal conditions are inter-connected in so-called "brain-gut interactions." Indeed, many psychiatric disorders are accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, such as the irritable bowel ... ...

    Abstract Increasing evidence has demonstrated that emotional states and intestinal conditions are inter-connected in so-called "brain-gut interactions." Indeed, many psychiatric disorders are accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, such as the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the functional connection remains elusive, partly because there are few useful experimental animal models. Here, we focused on a highly validated animal model of stress-induced psychiatric disorders, such as depression, known as the chronic vicarious social defeat stress (cVSDS) model mice, which we prepared using exposure to repeated psychological stress, thereafter examining their intestinal conditions. In the charcoal meal test and the capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia test, cVSDS model mice showed a significantly higher intestinal transit ratio and increased visceral pain-related behaviors, respectively. These changes persisted over one month after the stress session. On the other hand, the pathological evaluations of the histological and inflammatory scores of naive and cVSDS model mice did not differ. Furthermore, keishikashakuyakuto-a kampo medicine clinically used for the treatment of IBS-normalized the intestinal motility change in cVSDS model mice. Our results indicate that cVSDS model mice present IBS-like symptoms such as chronic intestinal peristaltic changes and abdominal hyperalgesia without organic lesion. We therefore propose the cVSDS paradigm as a novel animal model of IBS with wide validity, elucidating the correlation between depressive states and intestinal abnormalities.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2411902-7
    ISSN 1662-453X ; 1662-4548
    ISSN (online) 1662-453X
    ISSN 1662-4548
    DOI 10.3389/fnins.2022.993132
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: High-frequency ultrasound exposure improves depressive-like behavior in an olfactory bulbectomized rat model of depression.

    Yamauchi, Tsugumi / Yoshioka, Toshinori / Yamada, Daisuke / Hamano, Takumi / Ikeda, Maika / Kamei, Masato / Otsuki, Takaya / Sato, Yasuo / Nii, Kyoko / Suzuki, Masashi / Iriyama, Satoshi / Yoshizawa, Kazumi / Nishino, Shoichi / Ichikawa, Hiroko / Miyazaki, Satoru / Saitoh, Akiyoshi

    Neuroreport

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 10, Page(s) 445–449

    Abstract: Objectives: According to previous studies, ultrasound exposure appears to be a noninvasive method for modulating brain activity related to cognition and consciousness; however, its effects on emotional states remain unclear. Therefore, an animal model ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: According to previous studies, ultrasound exposure appears to be a noninvasive method for modulating brain activity related to cognition and consciousness; however, its effects on emotional states remain unclear. Therefore, an animal model is required in which the effects and effect mechanisms of ultrasound exposure can be investigated. Thus, we used olfactory bulbectomized rats as an animal model of depression and investigated their emotional state following ultrasound exposure.
    Methods: In male Wistar/ST olfactory bulbectomized rats, hyperemotionality was evaluated according to hyperemotionality scoring and the scores before and after 24-h ultrasound exposure were compared. Elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were also conducted after 24-h ultrasound exposure, and blood samples were collected in which plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured.
    Results: Following exposure to high-frequency (~50 kHz) ultrasound vocalizations (USVs) associated with the pleasant emotions of rats, the hyperemotionality scores of olfactory bulbectomized rats were significantly reduced. Additionally, the latency of the first entry into the open arm of the EPM was significantly decreased in USV-exposed olfactory bulbectomized rats, as were their plasma corticosterone levels. Furthermore, artificial ultrasound (50 kHz) at a similar frequency to that of USV also significantly decreased the hyperemotionality score of olfactory bulbectomized rats.
    Conclusions: Ultrasound exposure improved depressive-like behavior in olfactory bulbectomized rats and reduced their plasma corticosterone levels. Thus, we recommend the use of olfactory bulbectomized rats as an animal model for investigating the effects and effect mechanisms of ultrasound exposure.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Corticosterone ; Depression ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Olfactory Bulb/surgery ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Smell
    Chemical Substances Corticosterone (W980KJ009P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1049746-8
    ISSN 1473-558X ; 0959-4965
    ISSN (online) 1473-558X
    ISSN 0959-4965
    DOI 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001804
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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