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Article: Source apportionment and health risk assessment of ambient volatile organic compounds in primary schools in Northern Taiwan

Widiana, D. R / Wang, Y. C / Wang, Y. F / You, S. J

International journal of environmental science and technology. 2019 Oct., v. 16, no. 10

2019

Abstract: This study conducted a source apportionment and health risk estimation of ambient volatile organic compounds in Taoyuan and Zhongli (Taiwan) primary schools. In particular, principal component analysis followed by absolute principal component scores was ... ...

Abstract	This study conducted a source apportionment and health risk estimation of ambient volatile organic compounds in Taoyuan and Zhongli (Taiwan) primary schools. In particular, principal component analysis followed by absolute principal component scores was used in order to identify and quantify the emission sources of volatile organic compounds. Health risk was determined on the basis of age group and gender using the method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and Monte Carlo simulation was applied to analyze uncertainty and sensitivity. Results revealed that solvent usage in household product industries (56%) had the highest contribution of volatile organic compounds in Taoyuan and was followed by solvent usage in electronics manufacturing (27%) and oil refineries and storage leaks (17%). The main volatile organic compounds sources in Zhongli were vehicle emissions (48%) and liquefied petroleum gas/natural gas leakage (52%). Vehicle emissions and solvent usage in electronics manufacturing and household product industries were revealed as the primary sources of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, which were considered the compounds with high health risk for residents. The mean cumulative value of cancer risk ranged from 5.45 × 10−7 to 3.05 × 10−4, and the non-carcinogenic risk index for all age groups and genders was less than 1. The mean cumulative cancer risk was categorized as follows: below the limit recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency, possible risk, probable risk, and definite risk. The magnitude of risks varied among age groups and between genders, and the variations in risk were statistically insignificant.
Keywords	benzene ; electronics ; elementary schools ; ethylbenzene ; gender ; health effects assessments ; liquid petroleum gas ; manufacturing ; Monte Carlo method ; natural gas ; neoplasms ; oils ; particulate emissions ; principal component analysis ; risk ; risk estimate ; solvents ; toluene ; uncertainty ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; volatile organic compounds ; xylene ; Taiwan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-10
Size	p. 6175-6188.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2230399-6
ISSN	1735-2630 ; 1735-1472
ISSN (online)	1735-2630
ISSN	1735-1472
DOI	10.1007/s13762-018-2157-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The microorganism community in an aerobic denitrification membrane bioreactor by 16S rDNA based molecular biotechnology.

You, S J

Environmental technology

2005 Volume 26, Issue 7, Page(s) 767–772

Abstract: In this study, the performance and microbial community in a submerged membrane bioreactor were investigated for different hydraulic retention times. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, suspended solid and heterotrophic ... ...

Abstract	In this study, the performance and microbial community in a submerged membrane bioreactor were investigated for different hydraulic retention times. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, suspended solid and heterotrophic bacteria did not differ significantly with different hydraulic retention times but the total nitrogen removal efficiency increased when the hydraulic retention time increased. Aerobic denitrification occurred during the membrane bioreactor process at hydraulic retention time of 20 hours and Thiosphera pantotropha was identified as the aerobic denitrifier by the clone-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method. Another denitrifying Fe+2 oxidizing bacteria was also identified at hydraulic retention time of 20 hours. In contrast, no denitrifying bacteria were identified at hydraulic retention time of 5 hours.
MeSH term(s)	Bacteria, Aerobic/genetics ; Bacteria, Aerobic/physiology ; Bioreactors ; Biotechnology ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; Membranes, Artificial ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Water Movements
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; Membranes, Artificial
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	0959-3330
ISSN	0959-3330
DOI	10.1080/09593332608618509
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Article ; Online: Effects of increasing nurse staffing on missed nursing care.

Cho, S-H / Kim, Y-S / Yeon, K N / You, S-J / Lee, I D

International nursing review

2015 Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 267–274

Abstract: Background: Inadequate nurse staffing has been reported to lead nurses to omit required nursing care. In South Korea, to reduce informal caregiving by patient families and sitters and to improve the quality of nursing care, a public hospital operated by ...

Abstract	Background: Inadequate nurse staffing has been reported to lead nurses to omit required nursing care. In South Korea, to reduce informal caregiving by patient families and sitters and to improve the quality of nursing care, a public hospital operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government has implemented a policy of increasing nurse staffing from 17 patients per registered nurse to 7 patients per registered nurse in 4 out of 13 general nursing units since January 2013. Aim: The study aims to compare missed nursing care (omission of required care) in high-staffing (7 patients per nurse) units vs. low-staffing (17 patients per nurse) units to examine the effects of nurse staffing on missed care. Methods: A nurse survey conducted in July 2013 targeted all staff nurses in all four high-staffing and all nine low-staffing units; 115 nurses in the high-staffing units (response rate = 94.3%) and 117 nurses in the low-staffing units (response rate = 88.6%) participated. Missed nursing care was measured using the MISSCARE survey that included 24 nursing care elements. Nurses were asked how frequently they had missed each element on a 4-point scale from 'rarely' to 'always'. Results: Overall, nurses working in high-staffing units had a significantly lower mean score of missed care than those in low-staffing units. Seven out of 24 nursing care elements were missed significantly less often in high-staffing (vs. low-staffing) units: turning, mouth care, bathing/skin care, patient assessments in each shift, assistance with toileting, feeding and setting up meals. Conclusion: The findings suggest that increasing nurse staffing is associated with a decrease in missed care. Less omission of required nursing care is expected to improve nursing surveillance and patient outcomes, such as patient falls, pressure ulcers and pneumonia. Implications for nursing and health policy: Adequate nurse staffing should be ensured to reduce unmet nursing needs and improve patient outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/supply & distribution ; Quality of Health Care ; Republic of Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workload
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80342-x
ISSN	1466-7657 ; 0020-8132
ISSN (online)	1466-7657
ISSN	0020-8132
DOI	10.1111/inr.12173
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Article: [Clinical analysis of carotid artery stenting with severe stenosis and extracranial distortion under proximal protection technique].

Ou, Z J / Huang, Z C / Chen, J P / Xu, J P / Mao, X Y / You, S J / Liu, C F / Cao, Y J / Xiao, G D

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi

2019 Volume 99, Issue 45, Page(s) 3568–3573

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
MeSH term(s)	Brain Ischemia ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Stenosis/surgery ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Stroke ; Treatment Outcome
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2019-11-01
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	132513-9
ISSN	0376-2491
ISSN	0376-2491
DOI	10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.45.008
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Article ; Online: Mercury recovery from cold cathode fluorescent lamps using thermal desorption technology.

Chang, T C / Chen, C M / Lee, Y F / You, S J

Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA

2010 Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 455–460

Abstract: Cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) are globally used components of high technology products. A large amount of mercury in waste CCFLs is being recovered by thermal desorption technology in Taiwan. However, the complexity of the samples affects the ... ...

Abstract	Cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) are globally used components of high technology products. A large amount of mercury in waste CCFLs is being recovered by thermal desorption technology in Taiwan. However, the complexity of the samples affects the thermal desorption efficiency and increases costs. This study identifies the mercury release behaviour of amalgam, phosphor and mercury-containing components as well as waste CCFLs by bench scale thermal desorption test. The results show that the mercury was released from amalgam and mercury/fluorescent powder from a real treatment plant at temperatures between 550 degrees C to 850 degrees C, which is much higher than from cinnabar at 300 degrees C to 380 degrees C and that of pure mercury, high pressure mercury lamps, and fluorescent tubes containing mercury/fluorescent-powder at 50 degrees C to 250 degrees C. In addition, the experiment also showed the mercury release peak of the mercury/fluorescent powders from a real treatment plant occurs at much higher temperatures than that of commercial phosphor at 50 degrees C to 200 degrees C. Thus, complete separation of the cracked CCFLs is necessary to effectively recover phosphor and mercury at low financial and energy cost.
MeSH term(s)	Electrodes ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods ; Hot Temperature ; Lighting ; Mercury/analysis ; Mercury/chemistry ; Waste Management/methods ; Waste Products/analysis
Chemical Substances	Waste Products ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1480483-9
ISSN	1096-3669 ; 1399-3070 ; 0734-242X
ISSN (online)	1096-3669 ; 1399-3070
ISSN	0734-242X
DOI	10.1177/0734242X09335694
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Article ; Online: Efficacy of Mechanical Thrombectomy Using Stent Retriever and Balloon-Guiding Catheter.

Kammerer, S / du Mesnil de Rochemont, R / Wagner, M / You, S -J / Tritt, S / Mueller-Eschner, M / Keil, F C / Lauer, A / Berkefeld, J

Cardiovascular and interventional radiology

2018 Volume 41, Issue 5, Page(s) 699–705

Abstract: Purpose: Intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke has developed rapidly in recent years. Due to proven efficacy in randomized trials, stent retrievers were replacing first-generation thrombectomy devices and have been defined as method of choice. ...

Abstract	Purpose: Intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke has developed rapidly in recent years. Due to proven efficacy in randomized trials, stent retrievers were replacing first-generation thrombectomy devices and have been defined as method of choice. However, aspiration catheters or a combination of several techniques have shown promising rates of successful recanalizations. To create a basis for comparison of the new approaches according to real-world data, we determined the first pass recanalization rate of an evidence-based standard technique with the use of a stent retriever in combination with a balloon-guiding catheter. The assessment was based on the number of required passages and reperfusion rate, but not on clinical results. Methods: Patients from our institution with anterior circulation occlusions and mechanical thrombectomy by using stent retrievers in combination with balloon-guiding catheters were analyzed retrospectively. Reperfusion was graded with the "thrombolysis in cerebral infarction" (TICI) classification on post-interventional angiograms. Additionally, the number of passes and the duration of the recanalization procedure were recorded. Results: Between 2014 and July 2017, 201 patients met the inclusion criteria. Successful recanalization, defined as a TICI scale 2b/3, was 91% (TICI 2b was achieved in 44% and TICI 3 in 47%) after the procedure. After the first passage, successful recanalization was achieved in 65% of the patients. Mean number of passes was 1.4 (1-5 passes) for all patients. Median duration of the procedure was 49 min (0:11-2:35 h). Conclusions: Even a standard thrombectomy technique with the use of a stent retriever together with a balloon-guiding catheter provides reasonable recanalization rates with only one passage. The results can be taken as benchmark for alternative and more complex techniques.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Balloon Embolectomy/instrumentation ; Balloon Embolectomy/methods ; Catheters ; Device Removal/instrumentation ; Device Removal/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Stroke/surgery ; Thrombectomy/instrumentation ; Thrombectomy/methods ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603082-8
ISSN	1432-086X ; 0342-7196 ; 0174-1551
ISSN (online)	1432-086X
ISSN	0342-7196 ; 0174-1551
DOI	10.1007/s00270-018-1901-8
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Article ; Online: A material flow of lithium batteries in Taiwan.

Chang, T C / You, S J / Yu, B S / Yao, K F

Journal of hazardous materials

2009 Volume 163, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 910–915

Abstract: Li batteries, including secondary and cylindrical/button primary Li batteries, are used worldwide in computers, communications and consumer electronics products. However, there are several dangerous issues that occur during the manufacture, shipping, and ...

Abstract	Li batteries, including secondary and cylindrical/button primary Li batteries, are used worldwide in computers, communications and consumer electronics products. However, there are several dangerous issues that occur during the manufacture, shipping, and storage of Li batteries. This study analyzes the material flow of lithium batteries and their valuable heavy metals in Taiwan for the year 2006 by material flow analysis. According to data from the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan External Trade Development Council, Bureau of Foreign Trade, Directorate General of Customs, and the Li batteries manufactures/importers/exporters. It was found that 2,952,696 kg of Li batteries was input into Taiwan for the year 2006, including 2,256,501 kg of imported Li batteries and 696,195 kg of stock Li batteries in 2005. In addition, 1,113,867 and 572,215 kg of Li batteries was domestically produced and sold abroad, revealing that 3,494,348 kg of different types of Li batteries was sold in Taiwan. Of these domestically sold batteries, 504,663 and 146,557 kg were treated domestically and abroad. Thus, a total of 2,843,128 kg of Li batteries was stored by individual/industry users or illegally disposed. In addition, it was also observed that 2,120,682 kg of heavy metals contained in Li batteries, including Ni, Co, Al, Cu and Ni, was accumulated in Taiwan, with a recycled value of 38.8 million USD. These results suggest that these heavy metals should be recovered by suitable collection, recycling and reuse procedures.
MeSH term(s)	Conservation of Natural Resources ; Electric Power Supplies/statistics & numerical data ; Environmental Pollutants ; Lithium/isolation & purification ; Refuse Disposal ; Taiwan
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants ; Lithium (9FN79X2M3F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-04-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.043
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Article: Simultaneous removal of ammonium-nitrogen and sulphate from wastewaters with an anaerobic attached-growth bioreactor.

Zhao, Q I / Li, W / You, S J

Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research

2006 Volume 54, Issue 8, Page(s) 27–35

Abstract: Some industrial wastewaters may contain ammonium-nitrogen and/or sulphate, which need to be removed before their discharge into natural water bodies to eliminate their severe pollution. In this paper, simultaneous removal of ammonium-nitrogen and ... ...

Abstract	Some industrial wastewaters may contain ammonium-nitrogen and/or sulphate, which need to be removed before their discharge into natural water bodies to eliminate their severe pollution. In this paper, simultaneous removal of ammonium-nitrogen and sulphate with an anaerobic attached-growth bioreactor of 3.8 L incubated with sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) was investigated. Artificial wastewater containing sodium sulphate as electron acceptor, ammonium chlorine as electron donor and glucose as carbon source for bacteria growth was used as the feed for the bioreactor. The loading rates of ammonium-nitrogen, sulphate and COD were 2.08 gN/m3 x d, 2.38 gS/m3 x d, 104.17 gCOD/m3 x d, respectively, with a N/S ratio of 1:1.14. The results demonstrated that removal rates of ammonium-nitrogen, sulphate and COD could reach 43.35%, 58.74% and 91.34%, respectively. Meanwhile, sulphur production was observed in effluent as well as molecular nitrogen in biogas, whose amounts increased with time substantially, suggesting the occurrence of simultaneous removal of ammonium-nitrogen and sulphate. This novel reaction provided the possibility to eliminate ammonium-nitrogen and sulphate simultaneously with accomplishment of COD removal from wastewater, making wastewater treatment more economical and sustainable.
MeSH term(s)	Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Carbon/metabolism ; Industrial Waste ; Nitrogen/isolation & purification ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/isolation & purification ; Sulfates/chemistry ; Sulfates/isolation & purification ; Sulfur/chemistry ; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria/metabolism ; Water Purification/instrumentation ; Water Purification/methods
Chemical Substances	Industrial Waste ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Sulfates ; sodium sulfate (0YPR65R21J) ; Sulfur (70FD1KFU70) ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-12-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	764273-8
ISSN	1996-9732 ; 0273-1223
ISSN (online)	1996-9732
ISSN	0273-1223
DOI	10.2166/wst.2006.762
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Article ; Online: Morphometry of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in long-term survivors of childhood trauma.

Porto, L / Margerkurth, J / Althaus, J / You, S-J / Zanella, F E / Kieslich, M

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

2011 Volume 27, Issue 11, Page(s) 1937–1941

Abstract: Purpose: Chronic pituitary dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our aim was to rule out any late morphometric changes of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in survivors of TBI during childhood requiring ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Chronic pituitary dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our aim was to rule out any late morphometric changes of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in survivors of TBI during childhood requiring intensive care. Methods: We assessed morphometric abnormalities of the sella region and hypothalamus in patients who sustained TBI during childhood. The patients showed no clinical hormonal dysfunction at the acute phase and pituitary hormone levels at the time of our study were within normal limits. From the 18 enrolled patients in the magnetic resonance study, five were removed due to morphological changes or anatomical variations. We studied the MRI of 13 male survivors (mean age 27 years, mean time after trauma 20 years) and compared them to 13 male control subjects who were matched in terms of age (mean age, 26 years), education and ethnicity. Analyses of the pituitary gland and sella on a midsagittal T2- and T1-weighted image were performed. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM), an unbiased MRI morphometric method to investigate hypothalamic region in this group of patients. Results: There was only a trend towards a reduced pituitary gland width in the patient group compared to controls. However, no significant morphological and morphometric abnormality was seen and VBM showed no hypothalamic grey matter loss. Conclusion: In the absence of hormonal dysfunction, no persisting morphometric changes of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus were seen in survivors of childhood TBI requiring intensive care.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain Injuries/complications ; Child ; Humans ; Hypothalamic Diseases/epidemiology ; Hypothalamic Diseases/etiology ; Hypothalamic Diseases/pathology ; Hypothalamus/pathology ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pituitary Diseases/epidemiology ; Pituitary Diseases/etiology ; Pituitary Diseases/pathology ; Pituitary Gland/pathology ; Survivors
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-04-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605988-0
ISSN	1433-0350 ; 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
ISSN (online)	1433-0350
ISSN	0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
DOI	10.1007/s00381-011-1449-2
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Article ; Online: Prognostic role of hypochloremia in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Bei, H-Z / You, S-J / Zheng, D / Zhong, C-K / Du, H-P / Zhang, Y / Lu, T-S / Cao, L-D / Dong, X-F / Cao, Y-J / Liu, C-F

Acta neurologica Scandinavica

2017 Volume 136, Issue 6, Page(s) 672–679

Abstract: Objectives: The impact of electrolyte imbalance on clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is still not understood. We investigated the association between hypochloremia and hyponatremia upon hospital admission and in-hospital mortality in ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The impact of electrolyte imbalance on clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is still not understood. We investigated the association between hypochloremia and hyponatremia upon hospital admission and in-hospital mortality in AIS patients. Materials and methods: A total of 3314 AIS patients enrolled from December 2013 to May 2014 across 22 hospitals in Suzhou city were included in this study. Hypochloremia was defined as having a serum chloride concentration <98 mmol/L and hyponatremia as having a serum sodium concentration <135 mmol/L. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the effect of hypochloremia and hyponatremia on all-cause in-hospital mortality in AIS patients. Results: During hospitalization, 118 patients (3.6%) died from all causes. Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, serum sodium, and other potential covariates showed that hypochloremia was associated with a 2.43-fold increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-4.19; P=.001). However, no significant association between hyponatremia (P=.905) and in-hospital mortality was observed. Moreover, the multivariable analysis found that serum chloride (HR=0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.98; P=.004) but not serum sodium (P=.102) was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Hypochloremia at admission was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in AIS patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	90-5
ISSN	1600-0404 ; 0001-6314
ISSN (online)	1600-0404
ISSN	0001-6314
DOI	10.1111/ane.12785
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