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  1. Article ; Online: Beneficial effects of sleep extension on daily emotion in short-sleeping young adults: An experience sampling study.

    Parsons, Christine E / Young, Katherine S

    Sleep health

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) 505–513

    Abstract: Objectives: Short sleep duration has been linked to disrupted emotional experiences and poor emotion regulation. Extending sleep opportunity might therefore offer a means to improve emotion functioning. This study used experience sampling to examine the ...

    Abstract Objectives: Short sleep duration has been linked to disrupted emotional experiences and poor emotion regulation. Extending sleep opportunity might therefore offer a means to improve emotion functioning. This study used experience sampling to examine the effect of sleep extension on daily emotion experiences and emotion regulation.
    Participants: Participants were young adults (n = 72), aged 18-24 years who reported consistently sleeping less than 7 hours in a 24-hour period in the past 2 weeks.
    Design and setting: For 14 consecutive days, participants completed experience sampling questions related to sleep, emotion, and emotion regulation via a smartphone application. Procedures were identical for all participants for the first 7 days ("baseline" assessments).
    Intervention: From days 8-14, participants were randomly assigned to either a "sleep extension" condition, in which they were instructed to increase their sleep opportunity by 90 minutes or a "sleep as usual" condition.
    Measurements: Duration and quality of the previous night's sleep were reported each morning and daytime experiences of positive and negative emotion and emotion regulation were measured at pseudorandom timepoints 6 times a day.
    Results: Multilevel modeling demonstrated that participants in the sleep extension condition reported significantly longer sleep times and improved sleep quality, as well as higher positive and lower negative daily emotion, compared to those in the sleep as usual condition.
    Conclusion: A brief experimental paradigm to extend sleep length has the potential to improve sleep quality and to a minor extent mood, among young adults with short sleep.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Young Adult ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Sleep/physiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Affect ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2813299-3
    ISSN 2352-7226 ; 2352-7218
    ISSN (online) 2352-7226
    ISSN 2352-7218
    DOI 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.05.008
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  2. Article ; Online: Transdiagnostic symptom of depression and anxiety associated with reduced gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex.

    Cichocki, Anna C / Zinbarg, Richard E / Craske, Michelle G / Chat, Iris K-Y / Young, Katherine S / Bookheimer, Susan Y / Nusslock, Robin

    Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging

    2024  Volume 339, Page(s) 111791

    Abstract: Dimensional models of psychopathology may provide insight into mechanisms underlying comorbid depression and anxiety and improve specificity and sensitivity of neuroanatomical findings. The present study is the first to examine neural structure ... ...

    Abstract Dimensional models of psychopathology may provide insight into mechanisms underlying comorbid depression and anxiety and improve specificity and sensitivity of neuroanatomical findings. The present study is the first to examine neural structure alterations using the empirically derived Tri-level Model. Depression and anxiety symptoms of 269 young adults were assessed using the Tri-level Model dimensions: General Distress (transdiagnostic depression and anxiety symptoms), Anhedonia-Apprehension (relatively specific depression symptoms), and Fears (specific anxiety symptoms). Using structural MRI, gray matter volumes were extracted for emotion generation (amygdala, nucleus accumbens) and regulation (orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) regions, often implicated in depression and anxiety. Each Tri-level symptom was regressed onto each region of interest, separately, adjusting for relevant covariates. General Distress was significantly associated with smaller gray matter volumes in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, independent of Anhedonia-Apprehension and Fears symptom dimensions. These results suggests that prefrontal alterations are associated with transdiagnostic dysphoric mood common across depression and anxiety, rather than unique symptoms of these disorders. Additionally, no regions of interest were associated with Anhedonia-Apprehension or Fears, highlighting the importance of studying transdiagnostic features of depression and anxiety. This has implications for understanding mechanisms of and interventions for depression and anxiety.
    MeSH term(s) Young Adult ; Humans ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Gray Matter/pathology ; Depression/diagnostic imaging ; Depression/complications ; Anhedonia ; Anxiety/diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 445361-x
    ISSN 1872-7506 ; 1872-7123 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    ISSN (online) 1872-7506 ; 1872-7123
    ISSN 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    DOI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111791
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1541: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: How does cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia work? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediators of change.

    Parsons, Christine E / Zachariae, Robert / Landberger, Christoffer / Young, Katherine S

    Clinical psychology review

    2021  Volume 86, Page(s) 102027

    Abstract: Insomnia is prevalent and debilitating, comprising sustained difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a multicomponent intervention recommended as the first-line treatment, but the mediators of ... ...

    Abstract Insomnia is prevalent and debilitating, comprising sustained difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a multicomponent intervention recommended as the first-line treatment, but the mediators of change remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise and evaluate the evidence for potential mediators of CBT-I. Searches were performed for studies published until February 2021, reporting on mediation analyses with CBT-I. Seventeen unique samples of adults with insomnia (20 studies, N = 3125) were included. Two-stage structural equation modelling was applied to the available data, where 7 studies examined the cognitive mediator, 'dysfunctional beliefs about sleep', 5 studies examined a hyperarousal mediator, and 3 studies examined the behavioural mediator, 'time in bed'. There was evidence in support of changes in dysfunctional beliefs as a cognitive mediator of insomnia symptom improvement following CBT-I. There was more limited evidence in support of changes in hyperarousal-related mediators, and no significant effect of time in bed as a mediator. Numerous studies recorded diary-based measures of potential behavioural mediators, but analyses of these variables were not typically conducted. The most serious limitation of the evidence base is that the temporal precedence of mediator changes cannot be established. Future studies should consider: i) using mid-treatment measurements of mediator changes; ii) reporting on mediator psychometric properties; and iii) explicitly stating analyses as pre-specified or exploratory.
    MeSH term(s) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Sleep ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 604577-7
    ISSN 1873-7811 ; 0272-7358
    ISSN (online) 1873-7811
    ISSN 0272-7358
    DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102027
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1712: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article: Comorbidity Between Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents: Bridge Symptoms and Relevance of Risk and Protective Factors.

    Konac, Deniz / Young, Katherine S / Lau, Jennifer / Barker, Edward D

    Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment

    2021  Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 583–596

    Abstract: Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent and comorbid in adolescents, and this co-occurrence leads to worse prognosis and additional difficulties. The relationship between depression and anxiety must be delineated to, in turn, reduce and prevent the ... ...

    Abstract Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent and comorbid in adolescents, and this co-occurrence leads to worse prognosis and additional difficulties. The relationship between depression and anxiety must be delineated to, in turn, reduce and prevent the comorbidity, however our knowledge is still limited. We used network analysis to investigate bridge symptoms; symptoms that connect individual depression and anxiety symptoms and thus can help explain the comorbidity. We also examined the role of relevant risk and protective factors in explaining these symptom-level associations between these disorders. We analyzed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents (
    Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10862-021-09880-5.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632689-4
    ISSN 1573-3505 ; 0882-2689
    ISSN (online) 1573-3505
    ISSN 0882-2689
    DOI 10.1007/s10862-021-09880-5
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 2392: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article: Broadening the scope: Multiple functional connectivity networks underlying threat and safety signaling.

    Cushing, Cody A / Peng, Yujia / Anderson, Zachary / Young, Katherine S / Bookheimer, Susan Y / Zinbarg, Richard E / Nusslock, Robin / Craske, Michelle G

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Introduction: Threat learning and extinction processes are thought to be foundational to anxiety and fear-related disorders. However, the study of these processes in the human brain has largely focused on a priori regions of interest, owing partly to ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Threat learning and extinction processes are thought to be foundational to anxiety and fear-related disorders. However, the study of these processes in the human brain has largely focused on a priori regions of interest, owing partly to the ease of translating between these regions in human and non-human animals. Moving beyond analyzing focal regions of interest to whole-brain dynamics during threat learning is essential for understanding the neuropathology of fear-related disorders in humans.
    Methods: 223 participants completed a 2-day Pavlovian threat conditioning paradigm while undergoing fMRI. Participants completed threat acquisition and extinction. Extinction recall was assessed 48 hours later. Using a data-driven group independent component analysis (ICA), we examined large-scale functional connectivity networks during each phase of threat conditioning. Connectivity networks were tested to see how they responded to conditional stimuli during early and late phases of threat acquisition and extinction and during early trials of extinction recall.
    Results: A network overlapping with the default mode network involving hippocampus, vmPFC, and posterior cingulate was implicated in threat acquisition and extinction. Another network overlapping with the salience network involving dACC, mPFC, and inferior frontal gyrus was implicated in threat acquisition and extinction recall. Other networks overlapping with parts of the salience, somatomotor, visual, and fronto-parietal networks were involved in the acquisition or extinction of learned threat responses.
    Conclusions: These findings help confirm previous investigations of specific brain regions in a model-free fashion and introduce new findings of spatially independent networks during threat and safety learning. Rather than being a single process in a core network of regions, threat learning involves multiple brain networks operating in parallel coordinating different functions at different timescales. Understanding the nature and interplay of these dynamics will be critical for comprehensive understanding of the multiple processes that may be at play in the neuropathology of anxiety and fear-related disorders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.08.16.553609
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  6. Article: Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Links to Anxiety and Depression.

    Young, Katherine S / Sandman, Christina F / Craske, Michelle G

    Brain sciences

    2019  Volume 9, Issue 4

    Abstract: Emotion regulation skills develop substantially across adolescence, a period characterized by emotional challenges and developing regulatory neural circuitry. Adolescence is also a risk period for the new onset of anxiety and depressive disorders, ... ...

    Abstract Emotion regulation skills develop substantially across adolescence, a period characterized by emotional challenges and developing regulatory neural circuitry. Adolescence is also a risk period for the new onset of anxiety and depressive disorders, psychopathologies which have long been associated with disruptions in regulation of positive and negative emotions. This paper reviews the current understanding of the role of disrupted emotion regulation in adolescent anxiety and depression, describing findings from self-report, behavioral, peripheral psychophysiological, and neural measures. Self-report studies robustly identified associations between emotion dysregulation and adolescent anxiety and depression. Findings from behavioral and psychophysiological studies are mixed, with some suggestion of specific impairments in reappraisal in anxiety. Results from neuroimaging studies broadly implicate altered functioning of amygdala-prefrontal cortical circuitries, although again, findings are mixed regarding specific patterns of altered neural functioning. Future work may benefit from focusing on designs that contrast effects of specific regulatory strategies, and isolate changes in emotional regulation from emotional reactivity. Approaches to improve treatments based on empirical evidence of disrupted emotion regulation in adolescents are also discussed. Future intervention studies might consider training and measurement of specific strategies in adolescents to better understand the role of emotion regulation as a treatment mechanism.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2651993-8
    ISSN 2076-3425
    ISSN 2076-3425
    DOI 10.3390/brainsci9040076
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  7. Article ; Online: Major stress in early childhood strengthens the association between peripheral inflammatory activity and corticostriatal responsivity to reward.

    Miller, Gregory E / Carroll, Ann L / Armstrong, Casey C / Craske, Michelle G / Zinbarg, Richard E / Bookheimer, Susan Y / Ka-Yi Chat, Iris / Vinograd, Meghan / Young, Katherine S / Nusslock, Robin

    Brain, behavior, and immunity

    2024  Volume 117, Page(s) 215–223

    Abstract: Background: Severe, chronic stress during childhood accentuates vulnerability to mental and physical health problems across the lifespan. To explain this phenomenon, the neuroimmune network hypothesis proposes that childhood stressors amplify signaling ... ...

    Abstract Background: Severe, chronic stress during childhood accentuates vulnerability to mental and physical health problems across the lifespan. To explain this phenomenon, the neuroimmune network hypothesis proposes that childhood stressors amplify signaling between peripheral inflammatory cells and developing brain circuits that support processing of rewards and threats. Here, we conducted a preliminary test of the basic premises of this hypothesis.
    Methods: 180 adolescents (mean age = 19.1 years; 68.9 % female) with diverse racial and ethnic identities (56.1 % White; 28.3 % Hispanic; 26.1 % Asian) participated. The Childhood Trauma Interview was administered to quantify early adversity. Five inflammatory biomarkers were assayed in antecubital blood - C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukins-6, -8, and -10 - and were averaged to form a composite score. Participants also completed a functional MRI task to measure corticostriatal responsivity to the anticipation and acquisition of monetary rewards.
    Results: Stress exposure and corticostriatal responsivity interacted statistically to predict the inflammation composite. Among participants who experienced major stressors in the first decade of life, higher inflammatory activity covaried with lower corticostriatal responsivity during acquisition of monetary rewards. This relationship was specific to participants who experienced major stress in early childhood, implying a sensitive period for exposure, and were evident in both the orbitofrontal cortex and the ventral striatum, suggesting the broad involvement of corticostriatal regions. The findings were independent of participants' age, sex, racial and ethnic identity, family income, and depressive symptoms.
    Conclusions: Collectively, the results are consistent with hypotheses suggesting that major stress in childhood alters brain-immune signaling.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adverse Childhood Experiences ; Brain ; C-Reactive Protein ; Hispanic or Latino ; Income ; White ; Asian ; Reward ; Stress, Psychological
    Chemical Substances C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-19
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639219-2
    ISSN 1090-2139 ; 0889-1591
    ISSN (online) 1090-2139
    ISSN 0889-1591
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.013
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2276: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Threat Conditioning and Trait-Based Vulnerability to Personality Disorder.

    Conway, Christopher C / Chang, Fini / Young, Katherine S / Craske, Michelle G

    Journal of personality disorders

    2020  Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 708–719

    Abstract: Some personality disorders (PDs) are accompanied by heightened threat sensitivity to benign events, whereas others are associated with minimal reactivity to danger or punishment. Such aberrant patterns of defensive responding may be due to abnormal ... ...

    Abstract Some personality disorders (PDs) are accompanied by heightened threat sensitivity to benign events, whereas others are associated with minimal reactivity to danger or punishment. Such aberrant patterns of defensive responding may be due to abnormal threat learning processes, analogous to those observed in other fear- and fearlessness-based disorders. We investigated threat learning deficits with a Pavlovian differential conditioning procedure in an undergraduate sample (
    MeSH term(s) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Fear ; Humans ; Learning ; Personality Disorders/diagnosis ; Personality Inventory
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639252-0
    ISSN 1943-2763 ; 0885-579X
    ISSN (online) 1943-2763
    ISSN 0885-579X
    DOI 10.1521/pedi.2020.34.5.708
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    Zs.A 2287: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Sleep quality is associated with emotion experience and adaptive regulation of positive emotion: An experience sampling study.

    Parsons, Christine E / Schofield, Beatrice / Batziou, Sofia E / Ward, Camilla / Young, Katherine S

    Journal of sleep research

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) e13533

    Abstract: Poor sleep patterns have been strongly linked to disrupted emotional experiences. Emotion regulation, defined as the capacity to manage one's own emotional responses, comprises strategies to increase, maintain, or decrease the intensity, duration, and ... ...

    Abstract Poor sleep patterns have been strongly linked to disrupted emotional experiences. Emotion regulation, defined as the capacity to manage one's own emotional responses, comprises strategies to increase, maintain, or decrease the intensity, duration, and trajectory of positive and negative emotions. Poor sleep has been identified as a risk factor for emotional dysregulation, but most of the focus has been on negative emotion regulation. We therefore asked whether natural variations in sleep are associated with the experience and regulation of both positive and negative emotion. Young adults, aged between 18-24 years (N = 101), completed 7 days of ecological momentary assessments using a smartphone application. Duration and quality of the previous night's sleep was reported each morning. Levels of positive and negative emotions, and strategies used to regulate emotions, were measured at pseudorandom timepoints four times a day. Multilevel modelling indicated that higher self-reported sleep quality was significantly associated with increased intensity and duration of positive emotion, and decreased intensity of negative emotion. There were no statistically significant associations between sleep duration and emotion intensity or duration. Sleep quality, and not sleep duration, was also associated with the reported use of positive emotion regulation strategies. For negative emotion regulation strategy use, we found no associations with sleep quality or duration. Naturally occurring fluctuations in daily sleep quality may be important for the experience and regulation of positive emotion in young adults. These findings emphasise the need to examine both positive and negative emotion, and emotion regulation to understand the links between sleep and mood.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Affect/physiology ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Emotions/physiology ; Humans ; Sleep ; Sleep Quality ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1122722-9
    ISSN 1365-2869 ; 0962-1105
    ISSN (online) 1365-2869
    ISSN 0962-1105
    DOI 10.1111/jsr.13533
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  10. Article: Virtual Reality Reward Training for Anhedonia: A Pilot Study.

    Chen, Kelly / Barnes-Horowitz, Nora / Treanor, Michael / Sun, Michael / Young, Katherine S / Craske, Michelle G

    Frontiers in psychology

    2021  Volume 11, Page(s) 613617

    Abstract: Anhedonia is a risk factor for suicide and poor treatment response in depressed individuals. Most evidence-based psychological therapies target symptoms of heightened negative affect (e.g., negative inferential style) instead of deficits in positive ... ...

    Abstract Anhedonia is a risk factor for suicide and poor treatment response in depressed individuals. Most evidence-based psychological therapies target symptoms of heightened negative affect (e.g., negative inferential style) instead of deficits in positive affect (e.g., attenuated reward response) and typically show little benefit for anhedonia. Viewing positive scenes through virtual reality (VR) has been shown to increase positive affect and holds great promise for addressing anhedonic symptoms. In this pilot study, six participants with clinically significant depression completed 13 sessions of exposure to positive scenes in a controlled VR environment. Significant decreases were found in self-reported anhedonia, depression, anxiety, and impairments in functioning from baseline to 1-month follow-up. Negative affect decreased over all 13 sessions, and positive affect increased over sessions 8-13. Results suggest that positive experiences in VR may be a novel avenue for the treatment of anhedonia in depressed individuals.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.613617
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