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  1. Article ; Online: A hybrid model for estimating the number concentration of ultrafine particles based on machine learning algorithms in central Taiwan.

    Jung, Chau-Ren / Chen, Wei-Ting / Young, Li-Hao / Hsiao, Ta-Chih

    Environment international

    2023  Volume 175, Page(s) 107937

    Abstract: Modeling is a cost-effective measure to estimate ultrafine particle (UFP) levels. Previous UFP estimates generally relied on land-use regression with insufficient temporal resolution. We carried out in-situ measurements for UFP in central Taiwan and ... ...

    Abstract Modeling is a cost-effective measure to estimate ultrafine particle (UFP) levels. Previous UFP estimates generally relied on land-use regression with insufficient temporal resolution. We carried out in-situ measurements for UFP in central Taiwan and developed a model incorporating satellite-based measurements, meteorological variables, and land-use data to estimate daily UFP levels at a 1-km resolution. Two sampling campaigns were conducted for measuring hourly UFP concentrations at six sites between 2008-2010 and 2017-2021, respectively, using scanning mobility particle sizers. Three machine learning algorithms, namely random forest, eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and deep neural network, were used to develop UFP estimation models. The performances were evaluated with a 10-fold cross-validation, temporal, and spatial validation. A total of 1,022 effective sampling days were conducted. The XGBoost model had the best performance with a training coefficient of determination (R
    MeSH term(s) Particulate Matter/analysis ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Particle Size ; Taiwan ; Environmental Monitoring ; Machine Learning
    Chemical Substances Particulate Matter ; Air Pollutants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107937
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A hybrid model for estimating the number concentration of ultrafine particles based on machine learning algorithms in central Taiwan

    Jung, Chau-Ren / Chen, Wei-Ting / Young, Li-Hao / Hsiao, Ta-Chih

    Environment International. 2023 May, v. 175 p.107937-

    2023  

    Abstract: Modeling is a cost-effective measure to estimate ultrafine particle (UFP) levels. Previous UFP estimates generally relied on land-use regression with insufficient temporal resolution. We carried out in-situ measurements for UFP in central Taiwan and ... ...

    Abstract Modeling is a cost-effective measure to estimate ultrafine particle (UFP) levels. Previous UFP estimates generally relied on land-use regression with insufficient temporal resolution. We carried out in-situ measurements for UFP in central Taiwan and developed a model incorporating satellite-based measurements, meteorological variables, and land-use data to estimate daily UFP levels at a 1-km resolution. Two sampling campaigns were conducted for measuring hourly UFP concentrations at six sites between 2008–2010 and 2017–2021, respectively, using scanning mobility particle sizers. Three machine learning algorithms, namely random forest, eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and deep neural network, were used to develop UFP estimation models. The performances were evaluated with a 10-fold cross-validation, temporal, and spatial validation. A total of 1,022 effective sampling days were conducted. The XGBoost model had the best performance with a training coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.99 [normalized root mean square error (nRMSE): 6.52%] and a cross-validation R² of 0.78 (nRMSE: 31.0%). The ten most important variables were surface pressure, distance to the nearest road, temperature, calendar year, day of the year, NO₂, meridional wind, the total length of roads, PM₂.₅, and zonal wind. The UFP levels were elevated along the main roads across different seasons, suggesting that traffic emission is an important contributor to UFP. This hybrid model outperformed prior land use regression models and thus can provide more accurate estimates of UFP for epidemiological studies.
    Keywords cost effectiveness ; environment ; land use ; models ; satellites ; temperature ; traffic ; wind ; Taiwan ; Estimation model ; Feature importance ; Machine learning ; Meteorological variables ; Satellite-based measurement ; Ultrafine particles
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-05
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107937
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Application of artificial intelligence algorithms and low-cost sensors to estimate respirable dust in the workplace.

    Chang, Ta-Yuan / Chen, Guan-Yu / Chen, Jing-Jie / Young, Li-Hao / Chang, Li-Te

    Environment international

    2023  Volume 182, Page(s) 108317

    Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) and low-cost sensor technology have become common tools for environmental exposure monitoring; however, their application in measuring respirable dust (RD) in the workplace remains limited. This study aimed to develop a ... ...

    Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) and low-cost sensor technology have become common tools for environmental exposure monitoring; however, their application in measuring respirable dust (RD) in the workplace remains limited. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for RD using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and low-cost sensors and subsequently assess its validity using a standard sampling approach. Various low-cost sensors were combined into an RD sensor module and mounted on a portable aerosol monitor (GRIMM 11-D) for two weeks. AI algorithms were used to capture data per minute over 14 days to establish predictive RD models. The best-fitting model was validated using an aluminum cyclone equipped with an air pump and polytetrafluoroethylene filters to sample the 8-hour RD for 5 days at an aircraft manufacturing company. This module was continuously monitored for two weeks to evaluate its stability. The RD concentration measured by GRIMM 11-D in a general outdoor environment over two weeks was 28.1 ± 16.1 μg/m
    MeSH term(s) Dust/analysis ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Artificial Intelligence ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Workplace ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Inhalation Exposure/analysis
    Chemical Substances Dust ; Air Pollutants, Occupational
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108317
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Elevated emissions of volatile and nonvolatile nanoparticles from heavy-duty diesel engine running on diesel-gas co-fuels

    Young, Li-Hao / Lai, Chau-Wei / Lu, Jau-Huai / Yang, Hsi-Hsien / Wang, Lin-Chi / Chen, Yu-Han

    Science of the total environment. 2022 May 15, v. 821

    2022  

    Abstract: This study experimentally examines the effects of four diesel-gas co-fuels, two engine loads and an aftertreatment on regulated and unregulated emissions from a 6-cylinder natural-aspirated direct-injection heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) with an engine ... ...

    Abstract This study experimentally examines the effects of four diesel-gas co-fuels, two engine loads and an aftertreatment on regulated and unregulated emissions from a 6-cylinder natural-aspirated direct-injection heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) with an engine dynamometer. Fuel energy of ultra-low-sulfur diesel was substituted with 10% and 20% of gas fuels, including pure H₂, CH₄, and two CH₄-CO₂ blends. The particle number size distributions of volatile and nonvolatile nanoparticles were measured under ambient temperature and after 300 °C heating, respectively. The results show that the gas fuels caused increases of hydrocarbon emission, slight changes of NOx emission, and decreases of opacity. All four gas fuels resulted in elevated emissions of both volatile and nonvolatile nanoparticles at 25% and 75% load, in the range of 29% to 390%. The increased emissions of volatile nanoparticles were variable and without obvious trends. Special attentions should be given to the addition of H₂ under high load, during which significant increases of volatile nanoparticles could be formed not only post-combustion (up to 1376%), but also post-diesel oxidation catalyst plus diesel particulate filter (DOC + DPF). The nonvolatile nanoparticles, on the other hand, could be effectively removed by the retrofitted DOC + DPF, with efficiency >98.2%. A noteworthy fraction of solid particles of sizes <23 nm were found in the exhaust, not being accounted for by current regulatory emission standard.
    Keywords ambient temperature ; catalysts ; diesel engines ; energy ; filters ; heat ; opacity ; oxidation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0515
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153459
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Quantifying the impacts of PM2.5 constituents and relative humidity on visibility impairment in a suburban area of eastern Asia using long-term in-situ measurements

    Ting, Yu-Chieh / Young, Li-Hao / Lin, Tang-Huang / Tsay, Si-Chee / Chang, Kuo-En / Hsiao, Ta-Chih

    Science of the total environment. 2021 Nov. 13,

    2021  

    Abstract: The deterioration of visibility due to air pollutants and relative humidity has been a serious environmental problem in eastern Asia. In most previous studies, chemical compositions of atmospheric particles were provided using filter-based offline ... ...

    Abstract The deterioration of visibility due to air pollutants and relative humidity has been a serious environmental problem in eastern Asia. In most previous studies, chemical compositions of atmospheric particles were provided using filter-based offline analyses, which were unable to provide long-term and in-situ measurements that resolve sufficient temporal variations of air pollution and meteorology, hindering the resolution of the relationship between air quality and visibility. Here, we present a year-long continuously measured data from a comprehensive suite of online instruments to investigate diurnal and seasonal impacts of the aerosol chemical compositions in PM₂.₅ on visibility seasonally and diurnally. The measured dry aerosol extinction at λ = 550 nm reached a closure with that predicted by aerosol compositions within 12%. However, the hygroscopic growth of particles under ambient RH could enhance the aerosol extinction by a factor of 2–6, matching the perceptive visibility of the public. Particulate ammonium nitrate was most sensitive to reducing visibility, while ammonium sulfate contributed the most to the light extinction. In spring and winter, the monsoon and stagnant air masses reduced the visibility and increased PM₂.₅ (>35 μg m⁻³). The moisture was found to substantially enhance the light extinction under RH = 60–90%, reducing visibility by approximately 15 km, largely attributed to hygroscopic inorganic salts. This study serves as a metric to highlight the need to consider the influence of RH, and aqueous reactions in producing secondary inorganic aerosols on atmospheric visibility, underpinning the more accurate mitigation strategies of air pollution.
    Keywords aerosols ; air ; air pollution ; air quality ; ammonium nitrate ; ammonium sulfate ; atmospheric visibility ; environment ; meteorology ; monsoon season ; relative humidity ; spring ; suburban areas ; winter ; East Asia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1113
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151759
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Chemically and temporally resolved oxidative potential of urban fine particulate matter

    Hsiao, Ta-Chih / Chou, Li-Ti / Pan, Shih-Yu / Young, Li-Hao / Chi, Kai-Hsien / Chen, Albert Y.

    Environmental pollution. 2021 Dec. 15, v. 291

    2021  

    Abstract: Vehicle emissions are an important source of particulate matter (PM) in urban areas and have well-known adverse health effects on human health. Oxidative potential (OP) is used as a quantification metric for indexing PM toxicity. In this study, by using ... ...

    Abstract Vehicle emissions are an important source of particulate matter (PM) in urban areas and have well-known adverse health effects on human health. Oxidative potential (OP) is used as a quantification metric for indexing PM toxicity. In this study, by using a liquid spot sampler (LSS) and the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, the diurnal OP variation was assessed at a ground-level urban monitoring station. Besides, since the monitoring station was adjacent to the main road, the correlation between OP and traffic volume was also evaluated. PM components, including metals, water-soluble inorganic aerosols (WSIAs), black carbon (BC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were also simultaneously monitored. The daytime and evening mean ± std volume-normalized OP (OPv) were 0.46 ± 0.27 and 0.48 ± 0.26 nmol/min/m³, and exhibited good correlations with PM₁.₀ and BC; however, these concentrations were only weakly correlated with mass-normalized OP (OPm). The mean ± std OPm was higher in the daytime (41.3 ± 13.8 pmol/min/μg) than in the evening (36.1 ± 11.5 pmol/min/μg). According to the PMF analysis, traffic emissions dominated the diurnal OP contribution. Organic matter and individual metals associated with non-exhaust traffic emissions, such as Mn, Fe, and Cu, contributed substantially to OP. Diurnal variations of PAH concentrations suggest that photochemical reactions could enhance OP, highlighting the importance of atmospheric aging on PM toxicity.
    Keywords carbon ; dithiothreitol ; human health ; liquids ; organic matter ; particulates ; pollution ; toxicity ; traffic ; water solubility
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1215
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118206
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Elevated emissions of volatile and nonvolatile nanoparticles from heavy-duty diesel engine running on diesel-gas co-fuels.

    Young, Li-Hao / Lai, Chau-Wei / Lu, Jau-Huai / Yang, Hsi-Hsien / Wang, Lin-Chi / Chen, Yu-Han

    The Science of the total environment

    2022  Volume 821, Page(s) 153459

    Abstract: This study experimentally examines the effects of four diesel-gas co-fuels, two engine loads and an aftertreatment on regulated and unregulated emissions from a 6-cylinder natural-aspirated direct-injection heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) with an engine ... ...

    Abstract This study experimentally examines the effects of four diesel-gas co-fuels, two engine loads and an aftertreatment on regulated and unregulated emissions from a 6-cylinder natural-aspirated direct-injection heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) with an engine dynamometer. Fuel energy of ultra-low-sulfur diesel was substituted with 10% and 20% of gas fuels, including pure H
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants/analysis ; Gasoline/analysis ; Nanoparticles ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Running ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Gasoline ; Particulate Matter ; Vehicle Emissions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153459
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Sources, transport, and visibility impact of ambient submicrometer particle number size distributions in an urban area of central Taiwan.

    Young, Li-Hao / Hsu, Chih-Sheng / Hsiao, Ta-Chih / Lin, Neng-Huei / Tsay, Si-Chee / Lin, Tang-Huang / Lin, Wen-Yinn / Jung, Chau-Ren

    The Science of the total environment

    2022  Volume 856, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 159070

    Abstract: This study applied positive matrix factorization (PMF) to identify the sources of size-resolved submicrometer (10-1000 nm) particles and quantify their contributions to impaired visibility based on the particle number size distributions (PNSDs), aerosol ... ...

    Abstract This study applied positive matrix factorization (PMF) to identify the sources of size-resolved submicrometer (10-1000 nm) particles and quantify their contributions to impaired visibility based on the particle number size distributions (PNSDs), aerosol light extinction (b
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollution/analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Taiwan ; Particle Size ; Air Pollutants/analysis
    Chemical Substances Particulate Matter ; Air Pollutants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159070
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Contributions of acidic ions in secondary aerosol to PM2.5 bioreactivity in an urban area

    Laiman, Vincent / Hsiao, Ta-Chih / Wang, Yu-Hui / Young, Li-Hao / Chao, How-Ran / Lin, Tang-Huang / Heriyanto, Didik Setyo / Chuang, Hsiao-Chi

    Atmospheric environment. 2022 Apr. 15, v. 275

    2022  

    Abstract: Adverse human health effects caused by fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) were reported; however, source-specific PM₂.₅ and its bioreactivity need to be assessed to understand regional human impacts. The objective of this study was to investigate the ... ...

    Abstract Adverse human health effects caused by fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) were reported; however, source-specific PM₂.₅ and its bioreactivity need to be assessed to understand regional human impacts. The objective of this study was to investigate the contributions of PM₂.₅ to particle bioreactivity in Taichung City, an urban area of west-central Taiwan. The average mass concentration of PM₂.₅ was 44.4 μg m⁻³ from 21 March to April 22, 2018. PM₂.₅ was identified from six distinct sources using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Secondary aerosols were discovered to be the primary contributor to PM₂.₅ (25.58%), and were primarily composed of Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, EC, NH₄⁺, and SO₄²⁻. It was found that approximately 52.20% (23.2 μg m⁻³) of inhaled PM₂.₅ was deposited in the alveolar region after inhalation in the human lungs according to the multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model. Therefore, human alveolar epithelial A549 cells were exposed to PM₂.₅, which significantly reduced lung cell viability, and increased the cytotoxic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.05). Next, we discovered positive correlation between secondary aerosols and ROS production, which was further linked to increases in inorganic ions (Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, acidic ions from secondary aerosols were positively correlated with ROS production in human alveolar epithelial cells. Our results showed that secondary aerosols could be an important determinant of the deterioration of air quality and human respiratory health in urban areas.
    Keywords aerosols ; air quality ; cell viability ; cytotoxicity ; dosimetry ; environment ; epithelium ; human health ; humans ; lactate dehydrogenase ; lungs ; models ; particulates ; reactive oxygen species ; urban areas ; Taiwan
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0415
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 216368-8
    ISSN 0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
    ISSN 0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
    DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119001
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Occupational noise exposure and its association with incident hyperglycaemia: a retrospective cohort study.

    Chang, Ta-Yuan / Yu, Tzu-Yi / Liu, Chiu-Shong / Young, Li-Hao / Bao, Bo-Ying

    Scientific reports

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 8584

    Abstract: Noise pollution is reported to be associated with diabetes, but few studies have elucidated the associations between noise frequency characteristics. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between different noise frequency components and incident ... ...

    Abstract Noise pollution is reported to be associated with diabetes, but few studies have elucidated the associations between noise frequency characteristics. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between different noise frequency components and incident hyperglycaemia. An industry-based cohort of 905 volunteers was enrolled and followed up to 2012. Octave-band frequencies of workstation noise and individual noise levels were measured in 2012 to classify subjects' exposures retrospectively. We applied Cox regression models to estimate the relative risk (RR) of hyperglycaemia. An increased RR for hyperglycaemia of 1.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 3.10) was found among subjects exposed to ≥ 85 A-weighted decibels (dBA) compared with those exposed to < 70 dBA. The high-exposure groups at frequencies of 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz had a significantly higher risk of hyperglycaemia (all p values < 0.050) than the low-exposure groups. A 5-dB increase in noise frequencies at 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz was associated with an elevated risk of hyperglycaemia (all p values < 0.050), with the highest value of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.47) at 31.5 Hz (p = 0.001). Occupational noise exposure may be associated with an increased incidence of hyperglycaemia, with the highest risk observed at 31.5 Hz.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/epidemiology ; Hyperglycemia/etiology ; Incidence ; Male ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk ; Taiwan/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-65646-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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