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  1. Article ; Online: Salivary Gland-Type Carcinomas of the Breast: A Review and Update With Emphasis on Molecular Advances and Differential Diagnosis.

    Pesoli, Christine / Youssef, Mariam / Wei, Shi

    Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

    2022  Volume 146, Issue 11, Page(s) 1319–1328

    Abstract: Context.—: Primary breast carcinomas constitute a divergent group of neoplasms. The classification of breast tumors has been evolving. Recent advances in molecular genetic techniques have enhanced our understanding of these diseases. Integration of ... ...

    Abstract Context.—: Primary breast carcinomas constitute a divergent group of neoplasms. The classification of breast tumors has been evolving. Recent advances in molecular genetic techniques have enhanced our understanding of these diseases. Integration of state-of-the-art knowledge from research and practice has resulted in the recognition of novel entities as primary carcinomas of the breast with therapeutic and prognostic significance.
    Objective.—: To provide an overview of current concepts in the classification and diagnosis of selective salivary-type carcinomas of the breast, focusing on their salient histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics and recent molecular genetic advancements.
    Data sources.—: Data were obtained from review of pertinent English-language literature and firsthand experience of the authors as practicing breast pathologists.
    Conclusions.—: The cutting-edge knowledge has led us to further understand a growing number of uncommon types of breast carcinoma that demonstrate morphologic and immunophenotypic resemblance to those more frequently encountered in other organ systems, particularly salivary glands. Some of them also harbor identical molecular genetic alterations to those in their salivary gland counterparts. Yet they typically have diverse prognostic outcomes, thus warranting different clinical management. Accurate diagnosis of these tumors necessitates recognition of salient histologic features and judicious assessment of ancillary studies in the pursuit of precision medicine.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/genetics ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology ; Salivary Glands/pathology ; Carcinoma/diagnosis ; Carcinoma/genetics ; Carcinoma/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers, Tumor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
    ISSN 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    DOI 10.5858/arpa.2022-0028-RA
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The Mechanotransduction Channel and Organic Cation Transporter Are Critical for Cisplatin Ototoxicity in Murine Hair Cells.

    Li, Jinan / Liu, Chang / Kaefer, Samuel / Youssef, Mariam / Zhao, Bo

    Frontiers in molecular neuroscience

    2022  Volume 15, Page(s) 835448

    Abstract: Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs across the world. However, the serious ototoxic effects, leading to permanent hair cell death and hearing loss, significantly limit the utility of cisplatin. In zebrafish, the functional ... ...

    Abstract Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs across the world. However, the serious ototoxic effects, leading to permanent hair cell death and hearing loss, significantly limit the utility of cisplatin. In zebrafish, the functional mechanotransduction channel is required for cisplatin ototoxicity. However, it is still unclear the extent to which the mechanotransduction channel is involved in cisplatin uptake and ototoxicity in mammalian hair cells. Herein, we show that genetically disrupting mechanotransduction in mouse partially protects hair cells from cisplatin-induced hair cell death. Using a fluorescent-dye conjugated cisplatin, we monitored cisplatin uptake in cochlear explants and found that functional mechanotransduction is required for the uptake of cisplatin in murine hair cells. In addition, cimetidine, an inhibitor of the organic cation transporter, also partially protects hair cells from cisplatin ototoxicity. Notably, the otoprotective effects of cimetidine do not require mechanotransduction. These findings suggest that both the mechanotransduction channel and the organic cation transporter are critical for cisplatin ototoxicity in murine hair cells.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452967-9
    ISSN 1662-5099
    ISSN 1662-5099
    DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2022.835448
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: MiR-214-3p targets Ras-related protein 14 (RAB14) to inhibit cellular migration and invasion in esophageal Cancer cells.

    Phatak, Pornima / Burrows, Whitney M / Creed, Timothy Michael / Youssef, Mariam / Lee, Goo / Donahue, James M

    BMC cancer

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1265

    Abstract: Background: MicroRNA (miR)-214-3p is emerging as an important tumor suppressor in esophageal cancer. In this study, we examined the interaction between miR-214-3p and RAB14, a membrane trafficking protein shown to exert oncogenic functions in other ... ...

    Abstract Background: MicroRNA (miR)-214-3p is emerging as an important tumor suppressor in esophageal cancer. In this study, we examined the interaction between miR-214-3p and RAB14, a membrane trafficking protein shown to exert oncogenic functions in other malignancies, in esophageal cancer cells.
    Methods: Studies were performed in a human esophageal epithelial cell line and a panel of esophageal cancer cell lines, as well in human specimens. MiR-214-3p expression was measured by digital PCR. Biotinylated RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assays assessed binding. The xCELLigence RTCA system measured cell migration and invasion in real time. A lentiviral expression vector was used to create an esophageal cancer cell line stably expressing miR-214-3p.
    Results: MiR-214-3p expression was decreased in esophageal cancer cell lines and human specimens compared to non-malignant controls. RAB14 mRNA stability and protein expression were decreased following miR-214-3p overexpression. Binding between miR-214-3p and RAB14 mRNA was observed. Either forced expression of miR-214-3p or RAB14 silencing led to a marked decrease in cellular migration and invasion. Esophageal cancer cells stably expressing miR-214-3p demonstrated decreased growth in a subcutaneous murine model.
    Conclusions: These results further support the tumor-suppressive role of miR-214-3p in esophageal cancer cells by demonstrating its ability to regulate RAB14 expression.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041352-X
    ISSN 1471-2407 ; 1471-2407
    ISSN (online) 1471-2407
    ISSN 1471-2407
    DOI 10.1186/s12885-022-10304-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Post-COVID-19 arthritis: is it hyperinflammation or autoimmunity?

    Taha, Sara Ibrahim / Samaan, Sara Farid / Ibrahim, Rehab Ali / El-Sehsah, Eman Mousa / Youssef, Mariam Karam

    European cytokine network

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 83–88

    Abstract: Background:  Various musculoskeletal and autoimmune manifestations have been described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and etiology of arthritis in post-COVID Egyptian ... ...

    Abstract Background:  Various musculoskeletal and autoimmune manifestations have been described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and etiology of arthritis in post-COVID Egyptian patients. Methods: We included 100 post-COVID Egyptian patients who recovered 6 months ago and assessed several inflammatory and autoimmune markers. Results: The prevalence of post-COVID arthritis was 37%. Ankle, knee, and wrist were the most commonly affected joints. Old age (P = 0.010), smoking (P = 0.001), and arthralgia (P = 0.049) were all linked with post-COVID arthritis. Levels of pretreatment (baseline) interleukin (IL)-6 (46.41 ± 3.67 vs. 24.03 ± 2.46; P = 0.001), as well as 6-month post-COVID C-reactive protein (CRP; 98.49 ± 67.55 vs. 54.32 ± 65.73; P = 0.002), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; 109.08 ± 174.91 vs. 58.35 ± 37.87; P = 0.029) were significantly higher in patients with arthritis compared to those without. On the other hand, complement C3 (P = 0.558) and C4 (P = 0.192), anti-nuclear antibodies (P = 0.709), and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP; P = 0.855) did not show significant differences. Only pretreatment IL-6 level was the significant single predictor of post-COVID arthritis with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 3.988 (1.460-10.892) and a P-value of 0.007.
    Conclusion:  The strong association observed with inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP) and the insignificant association with serologic markers of autoimmunity (ANA and anti-CCP) in our study support the notion that the underlying mechanism of post-COVID-19 arthritis is primarily due to the hyperinflammatory process associated with COVID-19 infection, and not the result of an autoimmune reaction. IL-6 levels before therapy can predict post-COVID arthritis allowing for early management.
    MeSH term(s) Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Autoantibodies ; Autoimmunity ; Biomarkers ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Peptides, Cyclic ; Rheumatoid Factor ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies ; Biomarkers ; Peptides, Cyclic ; Rheumatoid Factor (9009-79-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-04
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1118857-1
    ISSN 1952-4005 ; 1148-5493
    ISSN (online) 1952-4005
    ISSN 1148-5493
    DOI 10.1684/ecn.2021.0471
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: DNMT3A and TET2; Potential Estimates of Generic DNA Methylation in Children and Adolescents with Obesity; Relation to Metabolic Dysregulation.

    Salah, Nouran / Salem, Lamyaa / Taha, Sara / Youssef, Mariam / Annaka, Layla / Hassan, Safeya / Mahmoud, Rana

    Hormone research in paediatrics

    2022  Volume 95, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–34

    Abstract: Introduction: The role of DNA methylation in metabolic dysregulation is emerging. However, the functional role of methylation in obesity and metabolic dysregulation is poorly understood.: Aim: The aim of this study was to compare DNA ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The role of DNA methylation in metabolic dysregulation is emerging. However, the functional role of methylation in obesity and metabolic dysregulation is poorly understood.
    Aim: The aim of this study was to compare DNA methyltransferase-3A (DNMT3A) and ten-eleven translocase-2 (TET2) levels in children and adolescents with obesity to normal-weighed children and adolescents and to correlate them to various metabolic parameters.
    Methods: Fifty children and adolescents with obesity were compared to 50 matched normal-weighed children and adolescents. Participants underwent assessment for anthropometric measurements, Tanner staging, acanthosis nigricans, and mean blood pressure percentile on three different occasions. TET2, DNMT3A, fasting lipids, and insulin were measured with calculation of the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
    Results: The median BMI SDS of the studied children and adolescents with obesity was 3.40, their mean TET2 was 178.40 ng/mL, and their mean DNMT3A was 2.18 ng/mL. TET2 is significantly lower (p = 0.009), while DNMT3A is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in children and adolescents with obesity than controls. Children and adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance have significantly lower TET2 (p = 0.012) and significantly higher DNMT3A (p = 0.013) than those without insulin resistance. Diastolic blood pressure percentile and HOMA-IR are positively correlated to DNMT3A (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated to TET-2 (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that TET2 and DNMT3A are independently associated with diastolic blood pressure percentile (p = 0.03 and p = 0.014, respectively) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively).
    Conclusions: Children and adolescents with obesity have significantly higher DNMT3A and significantly lower TET2 than controls. This is more evident in those having insulin resistance than those without. DNMT3A and TET2 are independently associated with systemic hypertension and insulin resistance in children with obesity.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Methyltransferase 3A/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Dioxygenases/genetics ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; Pediatric Obesity/complications ; Pediatric Obesity/genetics
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; DNMT3A protein, human ; Dioxygenases (EC 1.13.11.-) ; TET2 protein, human (EC 1.13.11.-) ; DNA Methyltransferase 3A (EC 2.1.1.37)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2537278-6
    ISSN 1663-2826 ; 1663-2818
    ISSN (online) 1663-2826
    ISSN 1663-2818
    DOI 10.1159/000521701
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  6. Article: CALFAN (Low

    Youssef, Mariam / Mascia, Katherine L / McGuire, Brendan / Patel, Chirag R / Al Diffalha, Sameer / Dhall, Deepti / Lee, Goo

    Case reports in hepatology

    2023  Volume 2023, Page(s) 3010131

    Abstract: CALFAN syndrome is an extremely rare disease consisting of recurrent pediatric acute liver failure (PALF), neurodegenerative diseases, and skeletal abnormalities associated ... ...

    Abstract CALFAN syndrome is an extremely rare disease consisting of recurrent pediatric acute liver failure (PALF), neurodegenerative diseases, and skeletal abnormalities associated with
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2090-6587
    ISSN 2090-6587
    DOI 10.1155/2023/3010131
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  7. Article ; Online: Clinical Significance and Prognostic Implications of Discontinuous Growth Pattern in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Multi-Institutional Study.

    Kmeid, Michel / Lee, Goo / Yang, Zhaohai / Pacheco, Richard / Lin, Jingmei / Patil, Deepa T / Youssef, Mariam / Zhang, Qingzhao / Alkashash, Ahmad Mahmoud / Li, Jingwei / Lee, Hwajeong

    The American journal of surgical pathology

    2024  Volume 48, Issue 4, Page(s) 447–457

    Abstract: The significance of discontinuous growth (DG) of the tumor to include tumor deposits and intramural metastasis in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is unclear. Esophagectomy specimens from 151 treatment-naïve and 121 treated patients with EAC were reviewed. ...

    Abstract The significance of discontinuous growth (DG) of the tumor to include tumor deposits and intramural metastasis in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is unclear. Esophagectomy specimens from 151 treatment-naïve and 121 treated patients with EAC were reviewed. DG was defined as discrete (≥2 mm away) tumor foci identified at the periphery of the main tumor in the submucosa, muscularis propria, and/or periadventitial tissue. Patients' demographics, clinicopathologic parameters, and oncologic outcomes were compared between tumors with DG versus without DG. DGs were identified in 16% of treatment-naïve and 29% of treated cases ( P =0.01). Age, gender, and tumor location were comparable in DG+ and DG- groups. For the treatment-naïve group, DG+ tumors were larger with higher tumor grade and stage and more frequent extranodal extension, lymphovascular/perineural invasion, and positive margin. Patients with treated tumors presented at higher disease stages with higher rates of recurrence and metastasis compared with treatment-naïve patients. In this group, DG was also associated with TNM stage and more frequent lymphovascular/perineural spread and positive margin, but not with tumor size, grade, or extranodal extension. In multivariate analysis, in all patients adjusted for tumor size, lymphovascular involvement, margin, T and N stage, metastasis, neoadjuvant therapy status, treatment year, and DG, DG was found to be an independent adverse predictor of survival outcomes in EAC. DG in EAC is associated with adverse clinicopathologic features and worse patient outcomes. DG should be considered throughout the entire clinicopathologic evaluation of treatment-naïve and treated tumors as well as in future staging systems.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Prognosis ; Clinical Relevance ; Extranodal Extension/pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasm Staging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752964-8
    ISSN 1532-0979 ; 0147-5185
    ISSN (online) 1532-0979
    ISSN 0147-5185
    DOI 10.1097/PAS.0000000000002182
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  8. Article ; Online: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy.

    Youssef, Mariam M / Rizk, Hazim A / Hassuna, Noha A

    Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)

    2019  Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 731–738

    Abstract: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) has been consistently observed in pregnancy. However, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in ASB in pregnant women. Therefore, ...

    Abstract Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) has been consistently observed in pregnancy. However, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in ASB in pregnant women. Therefore, we sought to investigate ESBL-producing and multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in antenatal women with ASB. Urine samples were collected from 310 asymptomatic pregnant women attending primary antenatal clinics and screened for significant bacteriuria. Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were phenotypically tested for their ESBL production. ESBL genes (CTX-M, TEM, and SHV genes) were then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multiplex PCRs were used to perform phylogenetic typing of ESBL-producing
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; Bacteriuria/epidemiology ; Bacteriuria/microbiology ; Bacteriuria/transmission ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Egypt/epidemiology ; Enterobacter/classification ; Enterobacter/drug effects ; Enterobacter/genetics ; Enterobacter/isolation & purification ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/transmission ; Escherichia coli/classification ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/transmission ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genotype ; Humans ; Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology ; Klebsiella Infections/microbiology ; Klebsiella Infections/transmission ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/classification ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; beta-Lactamases
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1290490-9
    ISSN 1931-8448 ; 1076-6294
    ISSN (online) 1931-8448
    ISSN 1076-6294
    DOI 10.1089/mdr.2018.0088
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  9. Article ; Online: Cohort profile: intimate partner violence and mental health among women from refugee background and a comparison group of Australian-born - the WATCH cohort study.

    Rees, Susan / Mohsin, Mohammed / Moussa, Batool / Fisher, Jane / Steel, Zachary / Nadar, Nawal / Hassoun, Fatima / Khalil, Batoul / Youssef, Mariam / Krishna, Yalini

    BMJ open

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) e051887

    Abstract: Purpose: The Women Aware with Their Children study was created because prospective data are required to accurately guide prevention programmes for intimate partner violence (IPV) and to improve the mental health and resettlement trajectories of women ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The Women Aware with Their Children study was created because prospective data are required to accurately guide prevention programmes for intimate partner violence (IPV) and to improve the mental health and resettlement trajectories of women from refugee backgrounds in Australia.
    Participants: 1335 women (685 consecutively enrolled from refugee backgrounds and 650 randomly selected Australian-born) recruited during pregnancy from three public antenatal clinics in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia. The mean age was 29.7 years among women from refugee backgrounds and 29.0 years among women born in the host nation. Main measures include IPV, mood, panic, post-traumatic stress disorder, disability and living difficulties.
    Findings to date: Prevalence of IPV at all three time points is significantly higher for refugee-background women. The trend data showed that reported IPV rates among Australian-born women increased from 25.8% at time 1 to 30.1% at time 3, while for refugee-background women this rate declined from 44.4% at time 1 to 42.6% at time 3. Prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) at all three time points is higher for refugee-background women. MDD among Australian-born women significantly declined from 14.5% at time 1 to 9.9% at time 3, while for refugee-background women it fluctuated from 25.1% at time 1 to 17.3% at time 2 and to 19.1% at time 3.
    Future plans: We are currently examining trajectories of IPV and mental disorder across four time points. Time 4 occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling a unique opportunity to examine the impacts of the pandemic over time. Time 5 started in August 2021 and time 6 will begin approximately 12 months later. The children at time 5 are in the early school years, providing the capacity to examine behaviour, development and well-being of the index child.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Australia/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence/psychology ; Male ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Refugees/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051887
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  10. Article ; Online: Comparison of COVID-19 characteristics in Egyptian patients according to their Toll-Like Receptor-4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism.

    Taha, Sara I / Shata, Aalaa K / El-Sehsah, Eman M / Mohamed, Manar F / Moustafa, Nouran M / Youssef, Mariam K

    Le infezioni in medicina

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 96–103

    Abstract: Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 plays a vital role in recognizing viral particles, activating the innate immune system, and producing pro-inflammatory cytokines.: Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to compare COVID-19 severity, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 plays a vital role in recognizing viral particles, activating the innate immune system, and producing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
    Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to compare COVID-19 severity, progression, and fate according to TLR-4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism in Egyptian patients.
    Methods: A total of 145 COVID-19 patients were included in this study. TLR-4 (Asp299Gly) genotyping was done using the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach.
    Results: The most commonly encountered TLR-4 genotype in relation to the amino acid at position 299 was the wild-type AA (73.1%); meanwhile, the homozygous mutant GG genotype (8.3%) was the least encountered. At hospital admission, 85.8% of the AA group had free (with no ground glass opacities) chest computed tomography (CT) examination, and 16.0% were asymptomatic. On the other hand, of the AG and GG groups, 81.5% and 83.3%, respectively showed bilateral ground-glass opacities in chest CT, as well as 25.9% and 75.0%, respectively were dyspneic. Values of the total leucocytic count, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and D dimer increased in the AA<AG<GG sequence. In contrast, hemoglobin values and the absolute lymphocyte counts decreased in the AA>AG>GG sequence. ICU admission (83.3%) and in-hospital death (33.3%) rates were significantly higher in the GG group.
    Conclusions: In COVID-19 patients, the TLR-4 mutant G allele may be associated with a more aggressive disease course and in-hospital death. New therapeutic alternatives could be aimed at this area.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041081-5
    ISSN 2532-8689 ; 1124-9390
    ISSN (online) 2532-8689
    ISSN 1124-9390
    DOI 10.53854/liim-3001-11
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