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Article ; Online: Using Molecular Spectroscopic Techniques (NIR and ATR-FT/MIR) Coupling with Various Chemometrics to Test Possibility to Reveal Chemical and Molecular Response of Cool-Season Adapted Wheat Grain to Ergot Alkaloids.

Shi, Haitao / Yu, Peiqiang

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to explore the possibility of using near infrared (NIR) and Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FT/MIR) molecular spectroscopic techniques as non-invasive and rapid methods for ... ...

Abstract	The objectives of this study were to explore the possibility of using near infrared (NIR) and Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FT/MIR) molecular spectroscopic techniques as non-invasive and rapid methods for the quantification of six major ergot alkaloids (EAs) in cool-season wheat. In total, 107 wheat grain samples were collected, and the concentration of six major EAs was analyzed using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. The mean content of the total EAs-ergotamine, ergosine, ergometrine, ergocryptine, ergocristine, and ergocornine-was 1099.3, 337.5, 56.9, 150.6, 142.1, 743.3, and 97.45 μg/kg, respectively. The NIR spectra were taken from 680 to 2500 nm, and the MIR spectra were recorded from 4000-700 cm
MeSH term(s)	Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods ; Triticum ; Ergot Alkaloids ; Chemometrics ; Seasons ; Least-Squares Analysis
Chemical Substances	Ergot Alkaloids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2518395-3
ISSN	2072-6651 ; 2072-6651
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
ISSN	2072-6651
DOI	10.3390/toxins15020151
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Revealed interactive association between macro-molecular structures and true nutrition supply in cool-season adapted CDC chickpeas and CDC barley using advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopic techniques

Sun, Baoli / Yu, Peiqiang

Journal of food composition and analysis. 2023 Jan., v. 115

2023

Abstract: Recently, an interactive association between molecular structures and nutrition of protein could be used for evaluation of truly absorbable nutrient supply, nutrient utilization and availability. However, there was no study found in cool-season adapted ... ...

Abstract	Recently, an interactive association between molecular structures and nutrition of protein could be used for evaluation of truly absorbable nutrient supply, nutrient utilization and availability. However, there was no study found in cool-season adapted chickpeas. The objectives of this study were to: (1) reveal an interactive association between macro-molecular structures and nutrition of protein in cool-season adapted CDC chickpeas; (2) Characterize macro-molecular structure features of cool-season adapted CDC chickpeas and their genotypic impact on nutrient profile, fractionation, bioenergy values and biodegradation function in comparison with CDC barley kernel. Macromolecular structures determination was carried out using molecular vibrational spectroscopy-ATR-FTIR. Results showed that with vibrational molecular spectroscopy, the macromolecular spectral characteristics could be revealed among the varieties and between types of CDC developed grain (Chickpea vs CDC barley). The molecular spectral characteristics had significant relationship (P < 0.05) with carbohydrate profiles, sub-fractions and degradation, bypassed, total digestible carbohydrate and protein. Multiple regression with model nutrient variable selection study showed that protein and carbohydrate-related macro-molecular structural parameters were associated with nutrient profiles and degradation characteristics. The results indicated that there was an interactive association between macro-molecular structures and nutrition of protein in cool-season chickpeas.
Keywords	barley ; biodegradation ; bioenergy ; carbohydrates ; chickpeas ; cold season ; digestible carbohydrates ; food composition ; fractionation ; nutrient content ; nutrient utilization ; regression analysis ; spectroscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	743572-1
ISSN	0889-1575 ; 1096-0481
ISSN	0889-1575 ; 1096-0481
DOI	10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104857
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Interconnection between protein‐related chemical functional group spectral features of prairie oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties and ruminant relevant nutrition—Degradation, intestinal digestion and true nutrient supply to dairy cows

Prates, Luciana L. / Yu, Peiqiang

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2023 May, v. 107, no. 3 p.783-793

2023

Abstract: To our knowledge, the study interconnection between inherent chemical functional group spectral features and nutrient utilisation is still limited. The objective of this study was to test the adequacy of vibrational Fourier transform infrared attenuated ... ...

Abstract	To our knowledge, the study interconnection between inherent chemical functional group spectral features and nutrient utilisation is still limited. The objective of this study was to test the adequacy of vibrational Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy as a fast tool to assess the interactive relationship between the nutritive value of the Prairie cool‐season oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties in dairy cows and inherent chemical functional group spectral features. The chemical functional group spectral features of the Prairie cool‐season oat varieties in western Canada were determined by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy. The protein‐related spectral parameters of chemical functional groups included peak height and peak area intensity of Amide I, Amid II, protein structural α‐helix and β‐sheet, and their ratios. The rumen degradation kinetics were determined using in situ techniques with four rumen‐canulated lactating dairy cows. The intestinal digestion was evaluated using a three‐step in vitro technique with 12 h preincubation. The experiment was an randomized complete block design. The data were analysed using the mixed‐model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System. The results showed that the interconnection between rumen degradation kinetics, intestinal digestion and true nutrient supply to dairy cows and protein‐related chemical functional group spectral features could be revealed by ATR‐FTIR with univariate and multi‐variate spectral analyses. These findings indicate that ruminant relevant nutritive value of cool‐season oats could be rapidly evaluated and predicted using oat‐specific functional group spectral characteristics which could be obtained by a non‐distractive bioanalytical tool of ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy.
Keywords	Avena sativa ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; animal nutrition ; cold season ; digestion ; intestines ; nutrient utilization ; nutritive value ; oats ; reflectance ; reflectance spectroscopy ; ruminants ; statistical analysis ; statistical models ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Size	p. 783-793.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	232729-6
ISSN	0931-2439
ISSN	0931-2439
DOI	10.1111/jpn.13775
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Article ; Online: Effect of thermal processing methods on structural, physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of cool-season chickpeas in ruminant systems

Cerma, Linda / Yu, Peiqiang

Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2023 Sept., v. 303 p.115698-

2023

Abstract: The focus of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal processing methods: Dry Heat, Wet Heat (Autoclave) and Microwave Irradiation on newly developed cool-season adapted CDC chickpeas as an alternative source for protein and energy for ruminant. ... ...

Abstract	The focus of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal processing methods: Dry Heat, Wet Heat (Autoclave) and Microwave Irradiation on newly developed cool-season adapted CDC chickpeas as an alternative source for protein and energy for ruminant. Three varieties of chickpeas, developed and provided by the Crop Development Center (CDC), were CDC Alma, CDC Cory, and CDC Frontier. All varieties were grown in three different locations in Saskatchewan: Elorse, Limerick, and Lucky Lake. For dry heat related processing, the samples were placed in the oven at 100 °C for 60 min. For wet heat related processing (Autoclave), the samples were placed in the autoclave at 120 °C for 60 min. For microwave irradiation, the samples were microwaved for 3 min (900 W). The results showed that soluble crude protein (SCP) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) were highly decreased by autoclave treatment. Moderately degradable protein fraction (PB1) was greater in autoclave treatment. There was no significant difference in indigestible protein fractions (PC) among all heat processing methods. Autoclave treatment was lower in rapidly degradable carbohydrate fractions (CA4) but greater in slowly degradable carbohydrate fraction (CB3). As to energy value parameters, there were different in total digestible nutrients (TDN) value among processing treatments with greater value in dry heat and microwave treatments. However, there was no difference in net energy for lactation (NEL₃X) among processing treatments. In rumen degradation kinetics, there were no differences in DM rumen degradation kinetics among processing treatments. However, the heat processing affected in situ potential degradable fraction (D) and undegraded fraction (U) of protein. Autoclaving treatment had greater in situ potential degradable fraction but lower undegraded fraction. The processing did not significantly affect rumen bypass protein (BCP) or rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and effective degradation protein (EDCP). For protein intestinal digestion, heat treatments did not affect intestinal digestibility of rumen bypass protein (%dIDP) and intestinal digested crude protein (IDP). For DM intestinal digestion, heat treatments affected digestibility of rumen bypass DM (%dBDM) with greater values in dry heat (90.3%) and microwave (86.5%) and lower value in autoclaving (67.7%). However, total (IDBDM) and intestinal digested dry matter (TDDM) were not significantly affected by processing treatments. For hourly effective degradable ratios (ED_N to ED_DM), microwave showed a greater value. Total true protein supply (DVE value) was not significantly different among processing treatments with average of DVE value of 100 g/kg DM. All three processing methods (dry heating, wet heating, microwave irradiation) had positive degraded protein balance (OEB value) with average of 62 g/kg DM, indicating potential shortage of energy in rumen. Feed Milk Value based DVE value showed no difference among processing treatments. When applied NRC dairy, the results showed that the processing methods also did not significantly affect total Metabolizable Protein supply (MP) to dairy cows with average MP of 82 g/kg DM. But based on NRC model, all treatments had negative degraded protein balance (DPB value) which is different from DVE/OEB system. In conclusion, the response and sensitivity to thermal processing methods of CDC chickpeas showed difference. But important nutrient supply to dairy cows in terms of NEL₃ₓ, DVE, MP, OEB, and FMV were not significantly different among processing treatments.
Keywords	autoclaving ; carbohydrates ; cold season ; crude protein ; digestibility ; digestible protein ; digestion ; energy ; feeds ; heat ; intestines ; lactation ; lakes ; microwave radiation ; milk ; models ; ovens ; ruminants ; true protein ; Saskatchewan ; Chickpeas ; Thermal Processing ; Degradation and Digestions ; Ture Protein Supply ; Feed Milk Value
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-09
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	196563-3
ISSN	0377-8401
ISSN	0377-8401
DOI	10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115698
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Interconnection between protein-related chemical functional group spectral features of prairie oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties and ruminant relevant nutrition-Degradation, intestinal digestion and true nutrient supply to dairy cows.

Prates, Luciana L / Yu, Peiqiang

Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition

2022 Volume 107, Issue 3, Page(s) 783–793

Abstract	To our knowledge, the study interconnection between inherent chemical functional group spectral features and nutrient utilisation is still limited. The objective of this study was to test the adequacy of vibrational Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as a fast tool to assess the interactive relationship between the nutritive value of the Prairie cool-season oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties in dairy cows and inherent chemical functional group spectral features. The chemical functional group spectral features of the Prairie cool-season oat varieties in western Canada were determined by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy. The protein-related spectral parameters of chemical functional groups included peak height and peak area intensity of Amide I, Amid II, protein structural α-helix and β-sheet, and their ratios. The rumen degradation kinetics were determined using in situ techniques with four rumen-canulated lactating dairy cows. The intestinal digestion was evaluated using a three-step in vitro technique with 12 h preincubation. The experiment was an randomized complete block design. The data were analysed using the mixed-model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System. The results showed that the interconnection between rumen degradation kinetics, intestinal digestion and true nutrient supply to dairy cows and protein-related chemical functional group spectral features could be revealed by ATR-FTIR with univariate and multi-variate spectral analyses. These findings indicate that ruminant relevant nutritive value of cool-season oats could be rapidly evaluated and predicted using oat-specific functional group spectral characteristics which could be obtained by a non-distractive bioanalytical tool of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Avena ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism ; Lactation ; Grassland ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Ruminants ; Nutrients ; Digestion ; Rumen/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Dietary Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	232729-6
ISSN	1439-0396 ; 0044-3565 ; 0931-2439
ISSN (online)	1439-0396
ISSN	0044-3565 ; 0931-2439
DOI	10.1111/jpn.13775
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Article ; Online: Correlation patterns prevalence, and co-occurrence of ergot alkaloids in cool-season adapted cereal grains revealed with molecular spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS equipped HPLC system.

Shi, Haitao / Yu, Peiqiang

Food chemistry

2022 Volume 393, Page(s) 133322

Abstract: It is necessary to obtain more recent data on the prevalence and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed and food to minimize risks. This study examined the recent presence, co-occurrence, and correlation patterns of six major ergot alkaloids (EAs; i.e. ... ...

Abstract	It is necessary to obtain more recent data on the prevalence and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed and food to minimize risks. This study examined the recent presence, co-occurrence, and correlation patterns of six major ergot alkaloids (EAs; i.e. ergocornine, ergocristine, ergocryptine, ergometrine, ergosine, and ergotamine) in cool-season adapted barley (n = 57) and wheat (n = 80) submitted by livestock producers and industries for testing ergot alkaloids/mycotoxins by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method. Overall, 91% industry-submitted barley samples and 84% industry-submitted wheat samples tested positive for at least one ergot alkaloid and 33% industry-submitted barley and 38% industry-submitted wheat samples were found to be co-contaminated with all six major EAs. The content of total EAs in 9 industry-submitted barley (16%) and 18 industry-submitted wheat (23%) samples exceeded the recommended maximum allowable level for lactating or pregnant animals (250 ppb). All the barley and wheat samples that contained detectable ergosine were found to co-occur with other EAs. Overall, the content of individual EAs was positively correlated with each other and strong correlations (r > 0.8, P < 0.01) were detected between the content of individual EAs and total EAs. These results implied that the industry and producers submitted cool-season adapted barley and wheat samples contaminated with a single EA is likely to contain high levels of other major EAs. The patterns of individual EAs in this study were distinct from previous studies that focus on samples from European countries. Ergocristine was remained as the predominant EAs in the industry-submitted cool-season adapted barley and wheat samples at levels up to 9438.8 and 12416.2 ppb, respectively. While the mean contents of ergosine were the lowest (68.5 and 50.6 ppb for the industry-submitted cool-season adapted barley and wheat samples, respectively). The high prevalence and co-occurrence of EAs indicated that ergot contamination is still posing a significant threat to food and feed industry and more research is expected to reduce the contamination level and explore the toxicological significance of various co-occurrence profiles. A full scale of investigation for all barley and wheat samples is needed to obtain a full picture of mycotoxin contamination.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Edible Grain/chemistry ; Ergot Alkaloids/analysis ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Hordeum ; Lactation ; Mycotoxins/analysis ; Prevalence ; Seasons ; Spectrum Analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Triticum
Chemical Substances	Ergot Alkaloids ; Mycotoxins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133322
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Characterization of ruminal degradation, intestinal digestion and total true nutrient supply to dairy cows from feedstocks and coproducts from Canola bio-oil processing: Impact by source origin.

de Oliveira, Alessandra M R C B / He, J / Yu, Peiqiang

Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition

2024

Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize ruminal degradation, intestinal digestion and total true nutrient supply to dairy cows from canola feedstock (canola seeds) and coproducts (meal and pellets) from bio-oil processing which were impacted by ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to characterize ruminal degradation, intestinal digestion and total true nutrient supply to dairy cows from canola feedstock (canola seeds) and coproducts (meal and pellets) from bio-oil processing which were impacted by source origin. The feedstocks and coproducts (mash, pellet) were randomly collected from five different bio-oil processing plants with five different batches of samples in each bio-processing plant in Canada (CA) and China (CH). In situ rumen degradation kinetics were determined using four fistulated Holstein cows with incubation times at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. Intestinal digestions were determined using the three-step in vitro method with preincubation at 12 h. The DVE/OEB and National Research Council systems were applied to evaluate the truly absorbable nutrient supply to dairy cows and feed milk values (FMVs). The results showed that in situ undegradable fractions (U) (p = 0.025) were higher in CA meals, and potentially degradable fraction of D was higher (p = 0.016) in CH meals. CH meals had higher total digestible dry matter (TDDM, p = 0.018) and intestinal digestibility of protein (dIDP, p = 0.016). Canola meals from CA had lower MREE (microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available rumen degradable protein; p = 0.011) and DVME (rumen synthesized microbial protein digested in the small intestine; p = 0.011) and had higher ECP (endogenous protein in the small intestine, p = 0.001) and absorbed endogenous crude protein (truly absorbed ECP in the small intestine) than CH (p = 0.001). The FMV evaluated based on the metabolic protein and net energy showed no differences between CA and CH in both coproducts and feedstocks.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	232729-6
ISSN	1439-0396 ; 0044-3565 ; 0931-2439
ISSN (online)	1439-0396
ISSN	0044-3565 ; 0931-2439
DOI	10.1111/jpn.13921
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of prediction of indigestible fiber fraction (iNDF) of whole-crop barley silage by using non-destructive spectroscopic techniques as a fast-screening method: comparison between FTIR vs. NIR

Refat, Basim / Yu, Peiqiang

Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 2022 Aug. 17, v. 102, no. 6 p.1130-1138

2022

Abstract: The objective of this study was to reveal the potential of using Fourier transform mid-infrared (FTIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as tools for the determination of indigestible neutral (NDF) fraction (iNDF) of whole-crop barley silage. A total ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to reveal the potential of using Fourier transform mid-infrared (FTIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as tools for the determination of indigestible neutral (NDF) fraction (iNDF) of whole-crop barley silage. A total of 48 whole-crop barley silage samples collected from 48 different farms in Western Canada were analyzed for iNDF. Reference values were matched with NIR and FTIR spectra. Spectral data processing (pretreatments) included first derivative, standard normal variate, multiplicative scattering correction, second derivative, and orthogonal signal correction. Prediction equations were obtained from each model using an external validation set. The coefficient of determination for the external validation of iNDF was 0.62 for FTIR and 0.41 for NIR, while the corresponding ratio performance deviation was 1.69 and 1.38 for FTIR and NIR, respectively. Results from this research showed the high potential of applying infrared molecular spectroscopy for the examination of forage plant fiber digestibility. More studies are needed to improve the accuracy and performance of FTIR and NIR spectroscopies in predicting the iNDF of whole-crop barley silage samples.
Keywords	barley ; digestibility ; forage ; models ; plant fibers ; prediction ; silage ; spectral analysis ; spectroscopy ; Canada ; whole-crop barley silage ; fiber digestibility ; mid-infrared and near spectroscopy ; wavelength selection
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0817
Size	p. 1130-1138.
Publishing place	Canadian Science Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	417255-3
ISSN	1918-1833 ; 0008-4220
ISSN (online)	1918-1833
ISSN	0008-4220
DOI	10.1139/cjps-2022-0054
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Article ; Online: Correlation patterns prevalence, and co-occurrence of ergot alkaloids in cool-season adapted cereal grains revealed with molecular spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS equipped HPLC system

Shi, Haitao / Yu, Peiqiang

Food Chemistry. 2022 Nov., v. 393 p.133322-

2022

Abstract	It is necessary to obtain more recent data on the prevalence and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed and food to minimize risks. This study examined the recent presence, co-occurrence, and correlation patterns of six major ergot alkaloids (EAs; i.e. ergocornine, ergocristine, ergocryptine, ergometrine, ergosine, and ergotamine) in cool-season adapted barley (n = 57) and wheat (n = 80) submitted by livestock producers and industries for testing ergot alkaloids/mycotoxins by liquid chromatography − tandem mass spectrometry method. Overall, 91% industry-submitted barley samples and 84% industry-submitted wheat samples tested positive for at least one ergot alkaloid and 33% industry-submitted barley and 38% industry-submitted wheat samples were found to be co-contaminated with all six major EAs. The content of total EAs in 9 industry-submitted barley (16%) and 18 industry-submitted wheat (23%) samples exceeded the recommended maximum allowable level for lactating or pregnant animals (250 ppb). All the barley and wheat samples that contained detectable ergosine were found to co-occur with other EAs. Overall, the content of individual EAs was positively correlated with each other and strong correlations (r > 0.8, P < 0.01) were detected between the content of individual EAs and total EAs. These results implied that the industry and producers submitted cool-season adapted barley and wheat samples contaminated with a single EA is likely to contain high levels of other major EAs. The patterns of individual EAs in this study were distinct from previous studies that focus on samples from European countries. Ergocristine was remained as the predominant EAs in the industry-submitted cool-season adapted barley and wheat samples at levels up to 9438.8 and 12416.2 ppb, respectively. While the mean contents of ergosine were the lowest (68.5 and 50.6 ppb for the industry-submitted cool-season adapted barley and wheat samples, respectively). The high prevalence and co-occurrence of EAs indicated that ergot contamination is still posing a significant threat to food and feed industry and more research is expected to reduce the contamination level and explore the toxicological significance of various co-occurrence profiles. A full scale of investigation for all barley and wheat samples is needed to obtain a full picture of mycotoxin contamination.
Keywords	barley ; cold season ; ergometrine ; ergot ; ergotamine ; feed industry ; food chemistry ; liquid chromatography ; livestock ; mycotoxins ; tandem mass spectrometry ; toxicology ; wheat ; Mycotoxin ; Ergot alkaloids ; Co-occurrence ; Feed and food ; Cool-season cereal grains ; Food safety
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133322
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Characterization of physiochemical and nutrient profiles in canola feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing: impacted by source origin.

de Oliveira, Alessandra M R C B / Yu, Peiqiang

Animal bioscience

2023 Volume 36, Issue 7, Page(s) 1044–1058

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize physiochemical and nutrient profiles of feedstock and co-products from canola bio-oil processing that were impacted by source origin. The feedstocks and co-products (mash, pellet) were randomly ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize physiochemical and nutrient profiles of feedstock and co-products from canola bio-oil processing that were impacted by source origin. The feedstocks and co-products (mash, pellet) were randomly collected from five different bio-oil processing plants with five different batches of samples in each bio-processing plant in Canada (CA) and China (CH). Methods: The detailed chemical composition, energy profile, total digestible nutrient (TDN), protein and carbohydrate subfractions, and their degradation and digestion (CNCPS6.5) were determined. Results: The results showed that TDN1x was similar in meals between CA and CH. CH meals and feedstock had higher, truly digestible crude protein (tdCP) and neutral detergent fiber (tdNDF) than CA while CA had higher truly digestible non-fiber carbohydrate (tdNFC). The metabolizable energy (ME3x), net energy (NELp3x, NEm3x, and NEg3x) were similar in meals between CA and CH. No differences were observed in energy profile of seeds between CA and CH. The protein and carbohydrate subfractions of seeds within CH were similar. The results also showed that pelleting of meals affected protein sub-fractionation of CA meals, except rapidly degradable fractions (PB1), rumen degradable (RDPB1) and undegrdable PB1 (RUPB1), and intestinal digestible PB1 (DIGPB1). Canola meals were different in the soluble (PA2) and slowly degradable fractions (PB2) between CA and CH. The carbohydrate fractions of intermediately degradable fraction (CB2), slowly degradable fraction (CB3), and undegradable fraction (CC) were different among CH meals. CH presented higher soluble carbohydrate (CA4) and lower CB2, and CC than CA meals. Conclusion: The results indicated that although the seeds were similar within and between CA and CH, either oil-extraction process or meal pelleting seemed to have generated significantly different aspects in physiochemical and nutrient profiles in the meals. Nutritionists and producers need to regularly check nutritional value of meal mash and pellets for precision feeding.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-26
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2765-0189
ISSN	2765-0189
DOI	10.5713/ab.22.0410
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