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Article ; Online: Holistic Spatial Reasoning for Chinese Spatial Language Understanding

Yu Zhao / Jianguo Wei

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 21, p

2023 Volume 11712

Abstract: Spatial language understanding (SLU) is an important task in the field of information extraction, and it involves complex spatial analyses and reasoning processes. Unlike English SLU, in the case of the Chinese language, there may be some language- ... ...

Abstract	Spatial language understanding (SLU) is an important task in the field of information extraction, and it involves complex spatial analyses and reasoning processes. Unlike English SLU, in the case of the Chinese language, there may be some language-specific challenges, such as the phenomenon of polysemia and the substitution of synonyms. In this work, we explore Chinese SLU by taking advantage of large language models. Inspired by recent chain-of-thought (CoT) strategies, in this study, we propose the Spatial-CoT template to help improve LLMs’ reasoning abilities in order to deal with the challenges of Chinese SLU. Spatial-CoT offers LLMs three steps of instructions from different perspectives, namely, entity extraction, context analysis, and common knowledge analysis. We evaluate our framework on the Chinese SLU dataset SpaCE, which contains three subtasks: abnormal spatial semantics recognition, spatial role labeling, and spatial scene matching. The experimental results show that our Spatial-CoT outperforms vanilla prompt learning on ChatGPT and achieves competitive performance in comparison with traditional supervised models. Further analysis revealed that our method could address the phenomenon of polysemia and the substitution of synonyms in Chinese spatial language understanding.
Keywords	spatial language understanding ; artificial intelligence ; natural language processing ; large language model ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	401
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An approach for measuring and analyzing embodied carbon in the construction industry chain based on emergy accounting

Yu Zhao / Yanan Xu / Miao Yu

Ecological Indicators, Vol 158, Iss , Pp 111481- (2024)

2024

Abstract: This study proposes a comprehensive approach to analyze the embodied carbon in China’s construction industry by integrating carbon emission factors and an input–output model. The analysis covers the whole construction industry chain, including both ... ...

Abstract	This study proposes a comprehensive approach to analyze the embodied carbon in China’s construction industry by integrating carbon emission factors and an input–output model. The analysis covers the whole construction industry chain, including both direct and indirect carbon emissions. Moreover, this study introduces an emergy index system that incorporates the ternary diagram of materials science for environmental assessments, assessing resource allocation, development effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. The research measures the embodied carbon emissions for seven regions in China’s construction industry, and compares the results from the perspective of the whole industry chain. The study reveals that indirect carbon emissions contribute significantly to the embodied carbon emissions in China’s construction industry, and the central region exhibits the highest environmental loading rate among all regions. Additionally, the northern region shows the highest emergy yield rate, whereas the eastern and northeastern regions exhibit better sustainability in the development of the construction industry.
Keywords	Embodied carbon ; Carbon emission factor ; Input-output model ; Emergy ; Ternary diagram ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: GOES-R Time Series for Early Detection of Wildfires with Deep GRU-Network

Yu Zhao / Yifang Ban

Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 4347, p

2022 Volume 4347

Abstract: Early detection of wildfires has been limited using the sun-synchronous orbit satellites due to their low temporal resolution and wildfires’ fast spread in the early stage. NOAA’s geostationary weather satellites GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) can ...

Abstract	Early detection of wildfires has been limited using the sun-synchronous orbit satellites due to their low temporal resolution and wildfires’ fast spread in the early stage. NOAA’s geostationary weather satellites GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) can acquire images every 15 min at 2 km spatial resolution, and have been used for early fire detection. However, advanced processing algorithms are needed to provide timely and reliable detection of wildfires. In this research, a deep learning framework, based on Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), is proposed to detect wildfires at early stage using GOES-R dense time series data. GRU model maintains good performance on temporal modelling while keep a simple architecture, makes it suitable to efficiently process time-series data. 36 different wildfires in North and South America under the coverage of GOES-R satellites are selected to assess the effectiveness of the GRU method. The detection times based on GOES-R are compared with VIIRS active fire products at 375 m resolution in NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS). The results show that GRU-based GOES-R detections of the wildfires are earlier than that of the VIIRS active fire products in most of the study areas. Also, results from proposed method offer more precise location on the active fire at early stage than GOES-R Active Fire Product in mid-latitude and low-latitude regions.
Keywords	GOES-R ; GRU ; deep learning ; wildfires ; active fires ; early detection ; Science ; Q
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Study on the effect of Baiban Ointment on the whole gene expression profile of vulvar sclerosing lichen

Ming-Yu Zhao

Journal of Hainan Medical University, Vol 26, Iss 8, Pp 20-

2020 Volume 24

Abstract: Objective: To study the effect of Baiban Ointment on gene expression profile of vulvar lichen sclerosus before and after treatment, and to provide theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and clinical treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus. Methods：Nine ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To study the effect of Baiban Ointment on gene expression profile of vulvar lichen sclerosus before and after treatment, and to provide theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and clinical treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus. Methods：Nine patients with vulvar lichen sclerosus diagnosed pathologically were selected as the study object, and the Baiban ointment was applied locally for 3 months. Gene chip technology was used to detect the vulva skin tissue in the same area before and after treatment, and the peripheral normal skin was used as the normal control group to analyze the change of gene expression profile. FC and P values were used as research indicators, and the standard of differential expression was FC value ≥ 1.5, P value < 0.05. The differentially expressed genes were screened, and GO analysis and KEGG database gene pathway analysis were carried out. Results: Compared with the normal control group, there were 22 differentially expressed genes in Group A before treatment, of which 21 were up-regulated and 1 was down regulated; compared with Group B before treatment, there were 23 differentially expressed genes, all of which were up regulated. The differentially expressed genes related to Baiban ointment treatment included TBK1、STAT1、ITGAM、VCAN、PRKACB、PROM1、 PLAT、SERPINA1. Go analysis showed that the up-regulated differential genes were mainly concentrated in the extracellular exosome, cytosol, extracellular space, Golgi apparatus and other cellular component, using the biological process such as positive regulation of cell metabolism, signal transduction regulation, cell adhesion, etc., to play a role in protein binding, enzyme activity regulation and other molecular functions. KEGG signaling pathway showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in Toll like receptor signaling pathway, Nod like receptor signaling pathway and FcεRI signaling pathway, all of which were up-regulated signaling pathways. Among them, Toll like receptor signaling pathway and Nod ...
Keywords	vulvar lichen sclerosus ; baiban ointment ; whole gene expression profile ; signaling pathway ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Editorial Board of Journal of Hainan Medical University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Synthesis, applications, toxicity and toxicity mechanisms of silver nanoparticles

Penghui Nie / Yu Zhao / Hengyi Xu

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 253, Iss , Pp 114636- (2023)

A review

2023

Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become one of the most popular objects of study for the past few decades. The ability to design AgNPs through different synthetic methods according to the application area and desired features is their advantage in many ... ...

Abstract	Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become one of the most popular objects of study for the past few decades. The ability to design AgNPs through different synthetic methods according to the application area and desired features is their advantage in many applications. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has become one of the most potential synthesis methods. Because of their strong antibacterial activity, AgNPs have been used in a wide range of applications, such as food packaging and medical products and devices. With the increasing application of AgNPs, it is becoming necessary for a better understanding of the toxicity of AgNPs and their potential mechanism of toxicity. In the review, we first describe the synthetic methods of AgNPs. The application of AgNPs in the field is then briefly described. The toxicity of AgNPs and their potential toxicity mechanisms are discussed.
Keywords	Silver nanoparticles ; Synthesis ; Applications ; Toxicity ; Main toxicity mechanisms ; Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Inequality in Fossil Fuel Power Plants in China

Yongrok Choi / Yunning Ma / Yu Zhao / Hyoungsuk Lee

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 4365, p

A Perspective of Efficiency and Abatement Cost

2023 Volume 4365

Abstract: Quantifying the shadow price (SP) of CO 2 emissions is the key to achieving China’s “double carbon” targets. Considering technology heterogeneity, this study applies stochastic frontier analysis combined with meta-frontier technology to estimate the ... ...

Abstract	Quantifying the shadow price (SP) of CO 2 emissions is the key to achieving China’s “double carbon” targets. Considering technology heterogeneity, this study applies stochastic frontier analysis combined with meta-frontier technology to estimate the environmental technical efficiency (ETE) and SP of CO 2 emissions for China’s fossil fuel power plants from 2005 to 2015. This approach overcomes the lack of statistical inference and consistency of traditional methods and improves the reliability of results. The main results are as follows: (a) the average ETE of China’s power plants is 0.9444, indicating that inefficient production accounts for 5.66%. The difference in efficiency between the central and local groups is significant. (b) The national average SP of CO 2 is 266.8 US dollars per ton, which is much higher than the carbon price in the emission trading system. This result implies the need to design a carbon trading price mechanism. (c) The distribution of SP shows obvious corporation and geographical characteristics that are closely related to the level of regional economic development. Finally, the findings provide policy implications for the improvement of the efficiency and abatement of costs of power plants and the determination of carbon prices.
Keywords	CO 2 emissions ; meta-frontier stochastic frontier analysis ; shadow price ; China’s fossil fuel power plants ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Acoustic emission characteristics and damage evolution of basalt by microwave irradiation

Jinqiang Yang / Chaolin Wang / Yu Zhao / Jing Bi

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 17

Abstract: Abstract The microwave-assisted rock breaking technology has been proven to be feasible, and has received considerable attention in the field of civil and mining engineering. A copper foil was used to wrap basalt to simulate rock excavation of practical ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The microwave-assisted rock breaking technology has been proven to be feasible, and has received considerable attention in the field of civil and mining engineering. A copper foil was used to wrap basalt to simulate rock excavation of practical application scenario in this paper. To this end, a multi-mode cavity with an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz was used to conduct microwave irradiation experiments on basalts with different irradiation times and different power. The thermal properties, AE characteristics, and damage evolution process of basalt were studied. The results show that the high heat generated by microwave leads to the development of cracks in the upper part of basalt. The higher the power level, the higher the degree of crack propagation in the sample, the lower the basalt strength, and the more active the AE activity. The fluctuation rule of the b value indicates that the basalt is dominated by small-scale microfractures before failure. High power levels or long irradiation time lead to more microwave-induced cracks participating in the failure process during loading. Compared with unheated basalt, microwave-heating basalt detects the characteristics of the precursor of failure in advance. The AE source location and the nephogram of the maximum principal stress of microwave-treated basalt reflected that the fracture path begins in the upper part of the rock. In addition, the combination of high power level and short irradiation time can achieve the purpose of energy saving.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	621
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Revisiting the relationships between energy consumption, economic development and urban size: A global perspective using remote sensing data.

Ma, Shuang / Li, Shuangjin / Luo, Qing / Yu, Zhao / Wang, Yifei

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) e27318

Abstract: Existing methods of measuring energy consumption require complex statistics and computing. A real-time and globally applicable approach for comparing energy consumption across different cities is still lacking. Additionally, the nonlinear relationships ... ...

Abstract	Existing methods of measuring energy consumption require complex statistics and computing. A real-time and globally applicable approach for comparing energy consumption across different cities is still lacking. Additionally, the nonlinear relationships and varying thresholds of energy consumption in relation to economic activities and urbanization remain unconfirmed. This study aims to fill these gaps by utilizing Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) nighttime light data in 2015 and a top-down approach based on a multiple regression model to examine energy consumption in global cities employing a redefined urban boundary. It also explores the accurate relationship between energy consumption, population density (as a proxy of urbanization), and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) across different regions and urban sizes using generalized additive models and regression models. High-resolution gridded population and GDP datasets covering the entire planet are utilized for this purpose. The study also estimates the development potentiality. The study yields followings outcomes: Firstly, the top 30 cities with the highest per capita energy consumption account for over 0.66% of the total per capita energy consumption of all cities. Secondly, in East Asia (EA) and Southeast Asia (SEA), the per capita energy consumption decreases when per capita GDP reaches $40,000 and $75,000, respectively, while it remains stable in cities located in Western Europe (WE) and North America (NA) as per capita GDP increases. Thirdly, the per capita energy consumption declines with increasing urban population density until reaching 10,000 person/km
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27318
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Uncommon Presentation of Recurrent Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Finger Ulcer Induced by Subclavian Artery Invasion Successfully Healed With Viabahn VBX Treatment.

Zhui, Li / Chuli, Jiang / Yangyang, Feng / Yu, Zhao / Wei, Ren

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e55885

Abstract: Recurrence of a lung tumor invading the subclavian artery, causing stenosis and leading to finger ulcers as the initial symptom, is rare. We employed endovascular techniques, inserting a Viabahn® VBX covered stent (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, ... ...

Abstract	Recurrence of a lung tumor invading the subclavian artery, causing stenosis and leading to finger ulcers as the initial symptom, is rare. We employed endovascular techniques, inserting a Viabahn® VBX covered stent (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Arizona) to aid in ulcer healing and improve the patient's quality of life. The patient, a 73-year-old male, had a history of lung adenocarcinoma resection two years prior but had not undergone follow-up examinations or cancer-specific treatments. Clinical examination revealed an invasion of the right subclavian artery by the recurrent tumor, resulting in severe stenosis and ischemic symptoms in the right upper limb. Given the patient's advanced cancer stage and the decline of further tumor-specific treatments, an endovascular intervention using a Viabahn VBX covered stent was performed to improve blood flow and promote ulcer healing. The stent demonstrated exceptional stability and patency during the six-month follow-up, greatly improving the patient's quality of life. This case highlights the importance of recognizing atypical symptoms as potential indicators of tumor recurrence or progression and demonstrates the promising role of covered stents in managing vascular complications in selected patients with advanced-stage malignancies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.55885
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Integration of an improved transformer with physical models for the spatiotemporal simulation of urban flooding depths

Hengxu Jin / Haipeng Lu / Yu Zhao / Zhizhou Zhu / Wujie Yan / Qiqi Yang / Shuliang Zhang

Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Vol 51, Iss , Pp 101627- (2024)

1481

Abstract: Study region: The Caochangmen area in the Gulou District, Nanjing City, China, is a typical flood-prone and well-defined region. Study focus: This paper addresses the limitations of the current ''single-driver'' approach in simulating urban waterlogging, ...

Abstract	Study region: The Caochangmen area in the Gulou District, Nanjing City, China, is a typical flood-prone and well-defined region. Study focus: This paper addresses the limitations of the current ''single-driver'' approach in simulating urban waterlogging, proposing a modeling methodology that integrates physical coupling models with data-driven techniques. The objective is to conduct comprehensive simulation research on urban flooding depth that leverages the respective strengths of both physical and data-driven models. A 1D pipe network runoff model and 2D surface runoff model were coupled to create an integrated model under a physical coupling framework. Based on a dataset of urban-rainfall-induced flooding depths, two data-driven modules were designed: a convolutional neural network (CNN) and improved transformer. To address the parameter uncertainty in the “model-data” coupling approach, two optimization methods were proposed for optimizing sensitive physical model parameters and the performance of the deep learning models, facilitating the spatiotemporal simulation of urban flood depths. New hydrological insights for the region: The proposed physically calibrated module exhibits a nearly linear relationship with observed water depths, confirming the suitability of the calibrated parameters for the physical driver of the integrated model within the study area. The improved transformer integrated model outperformed the CNN integrated model, achieving excellent efficiency and high accuracy. This research employed a dual-engine driving approach, wherein physical models and data are mutually integrated and mutually reinforced. This demonstration underscores the potential of the synergy between deep learning and physical knowledge in urban flooding simulation studies.
Keywords	Urban waterlogging ; Transformer ; Convolutional neural network ; Artificial neural network ; Integrated model ; Uncertain parameter ; Physical geography ; GB3-5030 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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