LIVIVO - Search results -

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 50

Search options

Article: Editorial: Origin and Evolution of Hepatitis Viruses.

Osiowy, Carla / Yuen, Lilly

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 740255

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.740255
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

Article: Origins and Evolution of the Primate Hepatitis B Virus.

Locarnini, Stephen A / Littlejohn, Margaret / Yuen, Lilly K W

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 653684

Abstract: Recent interest in the origins and subsequent evolution of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has strengthened with the discovery of ancient HBV sequences in fossilized remains of humans dating back to the Neolithic period around 7,000 years ago. Metagenomic ... ...

Abstract	Recent interest in the origins and subsequent evolution of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has strengthened with the discovery of ancient HBV sequences in fossilized remains of humans dating back to the Neolithic period around 7,000 years ago. Metagenomic analysis identified a number of African non-human primate HBV sequences in the oldest samples collected, indicating that human HBV may have at some stage, evolved in Africa following zoonotic transmissions from higher primates. Ancestral genotype A and D isolates were also discovered from the Bronze Age, not in Africa but rather Eurasia, implying a more complex evolutionary and migratory history for HBV than previously recognized. Most full-length ancient HBV sequences exhibited features of inter genotypic recombination, confirming the importance of recombination and the mutation rate of the error-prone viral replicase as drivers for successful HBV evolution. A model for the origin and evolution of HBV is proposed, which includes multiple cross-species transmissions and favors subsequent recombination events that result in a pathogen and can successfully transmit and cause persistent infection in the primate host.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.653684
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article: Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) and Delta-Like Agents: Insights Into Their Origin.

Netter, Hans J / Barrios, Marilou H / Littlejohn, Margaret / Yuen, Lilly K W

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 652962

Abstract: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a human pathogen, and the only known species in the ... ...

Abstract	Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a human pathogen, and the only known species in the genus
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.652962
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article ; Online: Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B among Indigenous Australians in Queensland and the Torres Strait Islands.

Littlejohn, Margaret / Jaskowski, Lesley-Anne / Edwards, Ros / Jackson, Kathy / Yuen, Lilly / Crawford, Darrel / Locarnini, Stephen A / Cooksley, Graham

Internal medicine journal

2023 Volume 54, Issue 1, Page(s) 129–138

Abstract: Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem for all Indigenous Australians. Post-2000, Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence has decreased, although remaining four times higher among Indigenous compared with non- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem for all Indigenous Australians. Post-2000, Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence has decreased, although remaining four times higher among Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous people. Aims: This study aimed to characterise the HBV from Indigenous populations in Queensland and the Torres Strait Islands. Methods: Serum samples were collected, with consent, from people within Queensland Indigenous communities prior to 1990 as part of the Queensland Health vaccination programme. Ethics approval was subsequently obtained to further characterise the HBV from 93 of these stored samples. HBV DNA was extracted and genotype was obtained from 82 samples. HBV full genome sequencing was carried out for a subset of 14 samples. Results: Seventy-eight samples were identified as genotype C (2 × C12, 3 × C13 and 73 × C14), one sample as genotype A (A2) and three samples as genotype D (1 × D2, 1 × D3 and 1 × D4). The HBV/C sequences identified were most closely related to sequences isolated from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia (Papua Province). Conclusions: The HBV isolated from the Torres Strait Islanders was notably different to the HBV/C4 strain isolated from Indigenous people of mainland northern Australia, with no evidence of recombination. This reflects the differences in culture and origin between Torres Strait Islanders and mainland Indigenous people.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Australia/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/epidemiology ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Queensland/epidemiology ; Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2045436-3
ISSN	1445-5994 ; 1444-0903
ISSN (online)	1445-5994
ISSN	1444-0903
DOI	10.1111/imj.16166
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Full text online

Accessible to users with ZB MED library card

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 792: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 424: Show issues

Order via subito

Details ▾

Article: Autochthonous and Travel Acquired Hepatitis E Virus in Australia.

O'Keefe, Jacinta / Tracy, Lilly / Yuen, Lilly / Bonanzinga, Sara / Li, Xin / Chong, Brian / Nicholson, Suellen / Jackson, Kathy

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 640325

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in pregnant women. There are four major genotypes which can cause disease in humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 are usually ... ...

Abstract	Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in pregnant women. There are four major genotypes which can cause disease in humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 are usually associated with outbreaks and spread via facal/oral route or contaminated water. Genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and usually associated with handling of pigs or consumption of contaminated pork. The strains circulating in Australia have never been characterized. Rationale/aims: The aims for this project are to identify the HEV genotypes found in Australia and link them to possible sources of transmission by phylogenetic analysis. Materials and methods: Between 2015 and 2020, 91 HEV isolates were sequenced and genotyped using an in-house PCR. Sixty-six of these were also sequenced by using the international HEVnet primers. Genotypes were determined using the BLASTn program. Relatedness to other strains in Australia was determined by phylogenetic analyses of the HEVnet sequences. Isolates were also stratified by state of origin, gender, age, predisposing factors and travel history (if known). Results: Of the 91 HEV isolates sequenced, 55 (60.4%) were genotype 1. There were 34 (37.4%) genotype 3 strains and two genotype 4 (2.2%). At least 20 of the genotype 1 strains have been linked to travel in India, and another three with Pakistan. Five of the "Indian" strains were closely related and are suspected to have originated in Gujarat. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that 12 genotype 3 strains were genetically related and potentially acquired in/from New South Wales, Australia. The two genotype 4 strains may have originated in China. Discussion: This is the first study to describe the HEV isolates identified in Australia. The results infer that HEV may be acquired during overseas travel as well as locally, presumably from consumption of pork or pork-related products. The phylogenetic analyses also reveal clusters of infection originating from India and Pakistan. This study provides some insight into the source and epidemiology of HEV infection in Australia which may be used to guide public health procedure and enable the implementation of measures to deal with potential outbreaks of infection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.640325
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article ; Online: Origins and Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis D Virus.

Littlejohn, Margaret / Locarnini, Stephen / Yuen, Lilly

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine

2016 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) a021360

Abstract: Members of the family Hepadnaviridae fall into two subgroups: mammalian and avian. The detection of endogenous avian hepadnavirus DNA integrated into the genomes of zebra finches has revealed a deep evolutionary origin of hepadnaviruses that was not ... ...

Abstract	Members of the family Hepadnaviridae fall into two subgroups: mammalian and avian. The detection of endogenous avian hepadnavirus DNA integrated into the genomes of zebra finches has revealed a deep evolutionary origin of hepadnaviruses that was not previously recognized, dating back at least 40 million and possibly >80 million years ago. The nonprimate mammalian members of the Hepadnaviridae include the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), the ground squirrel hepatitis virus, and arctic squirrel hepatitis virus, as well as a number of members of the recently described bat hepatitis virus. The identification of hepatitis B viruses (HBVs) in higher primates, such as chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbons that cluster with the human HBV, as well as a number of recombinant forms between humans and primates, further implies a more complex origin of this virus. We discuss the current theories of the origin and evolution of HBV and propose a model that includes cross-species transmissions and subsequent recombination events on a genetic backbone of genotype C HBV infection. The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus requiring the presence of the HBV for the completion of its life cycle. The origins of this virus remain unknown, although some recent studies have suggested an ancient African radiation. The age of the association between HDV and HBV is also unknown.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Coinfection/virology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fossils ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Hepadnaviridae/genetics ; Hepatitis B/virology ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis D/virology ; Hepatitis Delta Virus/genetics ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic ; Zoonoses
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2157-1422
ISSN (online)	2157-1422
DOI	10.1101/cshperspect.a021360
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Secreted hepatitis B virus splice variants differ by HBV genotype and across phases of chronic hepatitis B infection.

Maslac, Olivia / Wagner, Josef / Sozzi, Vitina / Mason, Hugh / Svarovskaia, Jenny / Tan, Susanna / Gaggar, Anuj / Locarnini, Stephen / Yuen, Lilly / Littlejohn, Margaret / Revill, Peter A

Journal of viral hepatitis

2022 Volume 29, Issue 8, Page(s) 604–615

Abstract: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is characterized by progression through different phases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and disease. Although not necessary for HBV replication, there is increasing evidence that HBV splice variants are associated with ... ...

Abstract	Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is characterized by progression through different phases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and disease. Although not necessary for HBV replication, there is increasing evidence that HBV splice variants are associated with liver disease progression and pathogenesis. However, there have been no studies till date on the frequency or diversity of splice variants for different HBV genotypes across the phases of CHB. Next generation sequencing data from 404 patient samples of HBV genotype A, B, C or D in Phase I, Phase II or Phase IV of CHB was analysed for HBV splice variants using an in house bioinformatics pipeline. HBV splice variants differed in frequency and type by genotype and phase of natural history. Splice variant Sp1 was the most frequently detected (206/404, 51% of patients), followed by Sp13 (151/404 37% of patients). The frequency of variants was generally highest in Phase II (123/165, 75% of patients), a phase typically associated with enhanced immune activation, followed by Phase I (69/99, 70% of patients). Splice variants were associated with reduced hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) levels and statistically reduced likelihood of achieving HBsAg loss (functional cure) in Phase II patients for Sp1 and Sp13 (p = .0014 and .0156, respectively). The frequency of HBV splice variants in patient serum differed markedly by HBV genotype and phase of CHB natural history. The increased levels of HBV splice variants detected in CHB phase II patients compared with the higher replicative Phase I in particular warrants further investigation.
MeSH term(s)	DNA, Viral/genetics ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans
Chemical Substances	DNA, Viral ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B e Antigens
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1212497-7
ISSN	1365-2893 ; 1352-0504
ISSN (online)	1365-2893
ISSN	1352-0504
DOI	10.1111/jvh.13702
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Full text online

Accessible to users with ZB MED library card

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 4119: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

Details ▾

Article ; Online: The evolution and clinical impact of hepatitis B virus genome diversity.

Revill, Peter A / Tu, Thomas / Netter, Hans J / Yuen, Lilly K W / Locarnini, Stephen A / Littlejohn, Margaret

Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology

2020 Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) 618–634

Abstract: The global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is enormous, with 257 million persons chronically infected, resulting in more than 880,000 deaths per year worldwide. HBV exists as nine different genotypes, which differ in disease progression, natural ... ...

Abstract	The global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is enormous, with 257 million persons chronically infected, resulting in more than 880,000 deaths per year worldwide. HBV exists as nine different genotypes, which differ in disease progression, natural history and response to therapy. HBV is an ancient virus, with the latest reports greatly expanding the host range of the Hepadnaviridae (to include fish and reptiles) and casting new light on the origins and evolution of this viral family. Although there is an effective preventive vaccine, there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, largely owing to the persistence of a viral minichromosome that is not targeted by current therapies. HBV persistence is also facilitated through aberrant host immune responses, possibly due to the diverse intra-host viral populations that can respond to host-mounted and therapeutic selection pressures. This Review summarizes current knowledge on the influence of HBV diversity on disease progression and treatment response and the potential effect on new HBV therapies in the pipeline. The mechanisms by which HBV diversity can occur both within the individual host and at a population level are also discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Disease Progression ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/immunology ; Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/physiopathology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology ; Humans ; Phylogeny
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2493722-8
ISSN	1759-5053 ; 1759-5045
ISSN (online)	1759-5053
ISSN	1759-5045
DOI	10.1038/s41575-020-0296-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 6020: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 97: Show issues

Order via subito

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Hepatitis B and D in the Pacific Islands of Kiribati.

Jackson, Kathy / Tekoaua, Rosemary / Holgate, Thomas / Edwards, Ros / Yuen, Lilly / Lee, Alice / Nicholson, Suellen / Littlejohn, Margaret / Locarnini, Stephen / Tuneti, Kabiri

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

2020 Volume 129, Page(s) 104527

Abstract: Background: Historical reports indicate that hepatitis B and hepatitis D are highly endemic in the Pacific Island of Kiribati but current levels are unknown.: Objectives: To determine current prevalence of HBV and HDV in Kiribati, characterize the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Historical reports indicate that hepatitis B and hepatitis D are highly endemic in the Pacific Island of Kiribati but current levels are unknown. Objectives: To determine current prevalence of HBV and HDV in Kiribati, characterize the strains in both mono-infection and co-infection and assess individuals for antiviral therapy. Study design: Sera obtained from 219 patients were screened for HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA, anti-HD, and HDV RNA. 61 HBV isolates were sequenced for genotype, phylogenetic analysis and detection of pre-core and basal core promoter mutations. 82 HDV isolates were also sequenced. Results: 55.7 % HBsAg positive samples had antibodies to HDV and 73.2 % had detectable HDV RNA, indicating that 40.8 % HBsAg-positive individuals had current HBV/HDV co-infection. There were 42 co-infected males and 40 females; the youngest individual was a 4 year-old boy. HBV isolates were genotype D4, and HDV strains formed a distinct Pacific clade of genotype 1. Undetectable HBV DNA loads were statistically more frequent in the co-infected sub-population (p < 0.0001). Basal core promoter and pre-core mutations were present in both mono and co-infection. Conclusion: Kiribati has one of the highest HBV/HDV co-infection rates in the world. The epidemiology of co-infection in this population was unusual with males and females equally represented and the presence of co-infection in a 4 year old child suggesting neonatal or early horizontal transmission, which is extremely rare. Coinfection with HDV resulted in statistically significant suppression of HBV DNA levels. The HDV strain identified in Kiribati was unique to the Pacific Islands.
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Coinfection ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis D ; Hepatitis Delta Virus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Micronesia ; Pacific Islands ; Phylogeny
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1446080-4
ISSN	1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
ISSN (online)	1873-5967
ISSN	1386-6532
DOI	10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104527
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Full text online

Accessible to users with ZB MED library card

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 3790: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

Details ▾

Article ; Online: Molecular genesis of drug-resistant and vaccine-escape HBV mutants.

Locarnini, Stephen A / Yuen, Lilly

Antiviral therapy

2010 Volume 15, Issue 3 Pt B, Page(s) 451–461

Abstract: A high rate of viral turnover, combined with an error-prone polymerase, results in a very high frequency of mutational events during HBV replication. Not surprisingly, particular selection pressures, both endogenous (host immune clearance) and exogenous ( ...

Abstract	A high rate of viral turnover, combined with an error-prone polymerase, results in a very high frequency of mutational events during HBV replication. Not surprisingly, particular selection pressures, both endogenous (host immune clearance) and exogenous (vaccines and antivirals), readily select out new 'escape' mutants. The introduction of nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NA) therapy for chronic hepatitis B has witnessed the emergence of antiviral drug resistance as the major factor limiting drug efficacy. Furthermore, because of the overlap of the viral polymerase and envelope reading frames in the HBV DNA genome, NA resistance-associated mutations selected in the catalytic domains of the polymerase frequently result in important changes to the neutralizing antibody-binding domains of the hepatitis B surface antigen, including the emergence of antiviral drug-associated potential vaccine escape mutants (ADAPVEMs). The public health significance of ADAPVEMs is considerable in terms of the global programme for control of hepatitis B via universal infant immunization. Thus, prevention of resistance requires the adoption of strategies that not only effectively control HBV replication, but also prevent the emergence of ADAPVEMs.
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines/genetics ; Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus/drug effects ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/prevention & control ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Mutation
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2010
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	1339842-8
ISSN	2040-2058 ; 1359-6535
ISSN (online)	2040-2058
ISSN	1359-6535
DOI	10.3851/IMP1499
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 4877: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 174: Show issues

Order via subito

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

To top

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito