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  1. Article ; Online: Phytochemicals from Polyalthia Species

    Yung-Chia Chen / Yi-Chen Chia / Bu-Miin Huang

    Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 5369, p

    Potential and Implication on Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Cancer, and Chemoprevention Activities

    2021  Volume 5369

    Abstract: Polyalthia belong to the Annonaceae family and are a type of evergreen tree distributed across many tropical and subtropical regions. Polyalthia species have been used long term as indigenous medicine to treat certain diseases, including fever, diabetes, ...

    Abstract Polyalthia belong to the Annonaceae family and are a type of evergreen tree distributed across many tropical and subtropical regions. Polyalthia species have been used long term as indigenous medicine to treat certain diseases, including fever, diabetes, infection, digestive disease, etc. Recent studies have demonstrated that not only crude extracts but also the isolated pure compounds exhibit various pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, etc. It is known that the initiation of cancer usually takes several years and is related to unhealthy lifestyle, as well as dietary and environmental factors, such as stress, toxins and smoking. In fact, natural or synthetic substances have been used as cancer chemoprevention to delay, impede, or even stop cancer growing. This review is an attempt to collect current available phytochemicals from Polyalthia species , which exhibit anti-cancer potentials for chemoprevention purposes, providing directions for further research on the interesting agents and possible clinical applications.
    Keywords Polyalthia ; phytochemical ; chemoprevention ; anti-tumor ; anti-cancer ; anti-microbial ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: 16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest, Mitochondria ROS Overproduction, and Inactivation of EGFR-Related Signalling Pathways

    Yu-Chi Chen / Po-Yu Wang / Bu-Miin Huang / Yu-Jen Chen / Wei-Chang Lee / Yung-Chia Chen

    Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 3958, p

    2020  Volume 3958

    Abstract: A clerodane diterpene compound 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD) is considered a therapeutic agent with pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the mechanisms of CD-induced apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells. CD ... ...

    Abstract A clerodane diterpene compound 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD) is considered a therapeutic agent with pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the mechanisms of CD-induced apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells. CD inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. CD-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, associated with reduced expression of Bcl-2 and increased levels of cytosolic cytochrome c, cleaved PARP-1 and caspase-3. In addition, CD treatment led to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and inhibited expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 and led to increased levels of p21, p27Kip1 and p53. All of these events were accompanied with a reduction of pEGFR, pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, pAkt, pmTOR, pP70S6K1, HIF-1α, c-Myc and VEGF. RNAseq-based analysis revealed that CD-induced cell death was characterised by an increased expression of stress and apoptotic-related genes as well as inhibition of the cell cycle-related genes. In summary, CD induces apoptosis in T24 bladder cancer cells through targeting multiple intracellular signaling pathways as a result of oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest.
    Keywords clerodane diterpene ; apoptosis ; bladder cancer ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; cell cycle ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: A modified controlled cortical impact technique to model mild traumatic brain injury mechanics in mice.

    YungChiaChen / HaojieMao / TedAbel

    Frontiers in Neurology, Vol

    2014  Volume 5

    Abstract: For the past 25 years, controlled cortical impact (CCI) has been a useful tool in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, creating injury patterns that include primary contusion, neuronal loss, and traumatic axonal damage. However, when CCI was first ... ...

    Abstract For the past 25 years, controlled cortical impact (CCI) has been a useful tool in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, creating injury patterns that include primary contusion, neuronal loss, and traumatic axonal damage. However, when CCI was first developed, very little was known on the underlying biomechanics of mild TBI. This paper uses information generated from recent computational models of mild TBI in humans to alter CCI and better reflect the biomechanical conditions of mild TBI. Using a finite element model of CCI in the mouse, we adjusted three primary features of CCI: the speed of the impact to achieve strain rates within the range associated with mild TBI, the shape and material of the impounder to minimize strain concentrations in the brain, and the impact depth to control the peak deformation that occurred in the cortex and hippocampus. For these modified cortical impact conditions, we observed peak strains and strain rates throughout the brain were significantly reduced and consistent with estimated strains and strain rates observed in human mild TBI. We saw breakdown of the blood-brain barrier but no primary hemorrhage. Moreover, neuronal degeneration, axonal injury, and both astrocytic and microglia reactivity were observed up to 8 days after injury. Significant deficits in rotarod performance appeared early after injury, but we observed no impairment in spatial object recognition or contextual fear conditioning response 5 days and 8 days after injury, respectively. Together, these data show that simulating the biomechanical conditions of mild TBI with a modified cortical impact technique produces regions of cellular reactivity and neuronal loss that coincide with only a transient behavioral impairment.
    Keywords Biomechanics ; Rotarod Performance Test ; axonal injury ; contextual fear conditioning ; mild traumatic brain injury ; controlled cortical impact ; Strain ; strain rate ; spatial object recognition ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429 ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Toona sinensis Bark and Fruit Ameliorate Free Fatty Acid-Induced Lipogenesis through AMPK and LC3 Pathways

    Yung-Chia Chen / Hsin-Ju Chen / Bu-Miin Huang / Yu-Chi Chen / Chi-Fen Chang

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 10, p

    2019  Volume 1664

    Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease found worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of inhibiting lipid accumulation in free fatty acid (FFA)-treated HepG2 cells caused by bark and fruit extracts of ... ...

    Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease found worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of inhibiting lipid accumulation in free fatty acid (FFA)-treated HepG2 cells caused by bark and fruit extracts of Toona sinensis (TSB and TSF). FFA induced lipid and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, which was attenuated by TSB and TSF. TSB and/or TSF promoted phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-coA carboxylase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha upregulation. Furthermore, TSB and TSF suppressed FFA-induced liver X receptor, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription protein 1, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 protein expression. Moreover, TSB and/or TSF induced phosphorylation of Unc-51 like autophagy-activating kinase and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 expressions. Therefore, TSB and TSF relieve lipid accumulation by attenuating lipogenic protein expression, activating the AMPK pathway, and upregulating the autophagic flux to enhance lipid metabolism. Moreover, TSB and TSF reduced TG contents, implying the therapeutic use of TSB and TSF in NAFLD.
    Keywords toona sinensis ; lipid accumulation ; lipogenesis ; lc3 ; ampk ; hepg2 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: The Role of Autophagy in Anti-Cancer and Health Promoting Effects of Cordycepin

    Yu-Ying Chen / Chun-Hsien Chen / Wei-Chen Lin / Chih-Wei Tung / Yung-Chia Chen / Shang-Hsun Yang / Bu-Miin Huang / Rong-Jane Chen

    Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 4954, p

    2021  Volume 4954

    Abstract: Cordycepin is an adenosine derivative isolated from Cordyceps sinensis , which has been used as an herbal complementary and alternative medicine with various biological activities. The general anti-cancer mechanisms of cordycepin are regulated by the ... ...

    Abstract Cordycepin is an adenosine derivative isolated from Cordyceps sinensis , which has been used as an herbal complementary and alternative medicine with various biological activities. The general anti-cancer mechanisms of cordycepin are regulated by the adenosine A3 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Notably, cordycepin also induces autophagy to trigger cell death, inhibits tumor metastasis, and modulates the immune system. Since the dysregulation of autophagy is associated with cancers and neuron, immune, and kidney diseases, cordycepin is considered an alternative treatment because of the involvement of cordycepin in autophagic signaling. However, the profound mechanism of autophagy induction by cordycepin has never been reviewed in detail. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed the anti-cancer and health-promoting effects of cordycepin in the neurons, kidneys, and the immune system through diverse mechanisms, including autophagy induction. We also suggest that formulation changes for cordycepin could enhance its bioactivity and bioavailability and lower its toxicity for future applications. A comprehensive understanding of the autophagy mechanism would provide novel mechanistic insight into the anti-cancer and health-promoting effects of cordycepin.
    Keywords cordycepin ; autophagy ; anti-cancer ; health-promoting effects ; neuron ; kidney ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: 16-Hydroxycleroda-3, 13-dien-15, 16-olide inhibits the proliferation and induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through Akt, mTOR, and MEK-ERK pathways in human renal carcinoma cells

    Liu, Cheng / Bu-Miin Huang / Wei-Chang Lee / Yi-Chen Chia / Yu-Chi Chen / Yung-Chia Chen

    Phytomedicine. 2017 Dec. 01, v. 36

    2017  

    Abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is well known that it cannot be treated with traditional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. 16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD), isolated from Polyalthia longifolia Benth. & Hook. f. var. pendula had been reported to ... ...

    Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is well known that it cannot be treated with traditional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. 16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD), isolated from Polyalthia longifolia Benth. & Hook. f. var. pendula had been reported to display significant efficacy against cancer cell lines.To determine the anti-tumour activities of CD in two clear cell type RCC (ccRCC) cell lines (A-498 and 786-O). In addition, the underlying mechanisms were also examined.The cell viabilities of CD-treated ccRCC cells were examined by MTT assay. The apoptotic features were confirmed by acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining. 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate was used to check reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement. Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) were determined by using fluorescent dyes, rhodamine 123 and 5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl benzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1). Proapoptotic, anti-apoptotic proteins and intracellular signaling molecules involved in CD-induced apoptosis were examined by Western blot analysis.CD inhibited both 786-O and A-498 cell proliferation and induced a series apoptotic characteristics expressions, ROS accumulation, caspase-3 activation as well as poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in both ccRCC cells. Additionally, CD caused MMP reduction and cytochrome c release from mitochondria as well as inhibition of anti-apoptotic proteins, including B cell lymphoma 2 and heat shock protein 70. Mechanically, we address that CD suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via induction of FOXO3a as well as decreased phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, MEK/ERK and their downstream molecules, cMyc and hypoxia inducible factor 2α expression in a concentration- and time-dependent trend.CD caused cell death through ROS overproduction and induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway in ccRCC cells that accompanied with multiple oncogenic signals inactivation.
    Keywords acridine orange ; antineoplastic activity ; apoptosis ; B-cell lymphoma ; caspase-3 ; cell proliferation ; cytochrome c ; drug therapy ; ethidium ; fluorescent dyes ; heat-shock protein 70 ; humans ; hypoxia ; iodides ; membrane potential ; mitochondria ; mitochondrial membrane ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase ; phosphorylation ; Polyalthia longifolia ; pro-apoptotic proteins ; radiotherapy ; reactive oxygen species ; renal cell carcinoma ; staining ; Western blotting
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-1201
    Size p. 95-107.
    Publishing place Elsevier GmbH
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1205240-1
    ISSN 1618-095X ; 0944-7113
    ISSN (online) 1618-095X
    ISSN 0944-7113
    DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.021
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Toona sinensis leaf aqueous extract displays activity against sepsis in both in vitro and in vivo models

    Chih-Jen Yang / Yung-Chia Chen / Yee-Jean Tsai / Ming-Shyan Huang / Chao-Chuan Wang

    Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 30, Iss 6, Pp 279-

    2014  Volume 285

    Abstract: Toona sinensis (TS) leaves are used as a vegetable and in traditional Chinese medicine. However, in vivo experiments regarding the anti-inflammatory function of TS leaves have not previously been conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate the ... ...

    Abstract Toona sinensis (TS) leaves are used as a vegetable and in traditional Chinese medicine. However, in vivo experiments regarding the anti-inflammatory function of TS leaves have not previously been conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of TS leaf extract (TSL) in the prevention of sepsis-induced lung injury in vivo and on macrophage activation in vitro. The results showed that oral gavage pretreatment with TSL in rats for 30 days improved the survival of cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis, potentially by attenuating sepsis-induced histological lung damage rather than inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pretreatment with TSL attenuated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, thereby inhibiting nitric oxide production and release in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Interestingly, TSL did not affect the LPS-induced release of other cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β) but increased LPS-induced heme-oxygenase-1 expression. In conclusion, the study provides preliminary data for TSL on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. The beneficial impact of TSL needs extensive study to get solid evidence.
    Keywords Anti-inflammatory ; Lung injury ; Toona sinensis ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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