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Article: Subgenomic sequence analysis reveals emergence of new circulating recombinant forms of HIV-1 in Pakistan.

Zahid, Maria / Khan, Saeed / Qureshi, Muhammad Asif / Raza, Yasir

2022 Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) 1857–1863

Abstract: Background and objective: Pakistan has witnessed a dramatic change in the increasing prevalence and emergence of HIV subtypes for more than two decades. Pakistani population is increasingly engaged in high-risk practices, and the prescribed drugs are ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Pakistan has witnessed a dramatic change in the increasing prevalence and emergence of HIV subtypes for more than two decades. Pakistani population is increasingly engaged in high-risk practices, and the prescribed drugs are potentially causing resistance. There are chances that these resistant strains are beginning to circulate from high-risk to the general population. Methods: The study was conducted at the section of Molecular Pathology Lab of Dow Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS) Karachi. In this study, we analyzed gene sequences of HIV for drug resistance and molecular epidemiology., along with amino acid sequence variability. Furthermore, we undertook phylogenetic analysis for possible geographic linkages of Pakistani HIV strains. Results: Our results demonstrate that A1 is the leading HIV subtype circulating in the country, whereas other emerging subtypes and recombinant forms, including subtype B, CRF02_AG, CRF10_CD CRF35_AD, and CRF11_cpx were also observed. Our sequences cluster with the Middle East, African, and a few European sequences according to geographical distribution. These sequences showed high-level resistance per drug resistance pattern, with 62.5% of patients exhibiting resistance to NNRTI drugs and 60% mutation at E138A and K103N, respectively, against NNRTI drugs. About 75% sequences showed resistance mutation at M184V against NRTI drugs. The antiretroviral drugs are now causing H-LR to the patients with no effect. Our results also revealed that certain regions of RT exhibited high sequence variability, especially at Amino Acids positions p.119, p.130, p.157, p.164. Conclusion: We hereby report major novel mutations and several minor mutations that may have a drastic change in the drug resistance pattern.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-11
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2032827-8
ISSN	1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
ISSN (online)	1681-715X
ISSN	1682-024X ; 1017-4699
DOI	10.12669/pjms.38.7.5591
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Guidelines for Small-Scale Production and Purification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Virus-Like Particles from Recombinant Pichia pastoris.

Zahid, Maria / Rinas, Ursula

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2019 Volume 1923, Page(s) 309–322

Abstract: Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines have been in the market since decades for preventing viral infection and have proven their usefulness also in other areas of biotechnology. Here, we describe in detail simple small-scale production and ... ...

Abstract	Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines have been in the market since decades for preventing viral infection and have proven their usefulness also in other areas of biotechnology. Here, we describe in detail simple small-scale production and purification procedures for the generation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) VLPs using Pichia pastoris as expression host. This protocol may also be applicable with variations to other HBsAg-based VLPs additionally carrying antigens of other pathogens.
MeSH term(s)	Biotechnology/methods ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/metabolism ; Pichia/genetics ; Pichia/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-4939-9024-5_14
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Article ; Online: Guidelines for Small-Scale Production and Purification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Virus-Like Particles from Recombinant Pichia pastoris.

Zahid, Maria / Rinas, Ursula

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2019

Abstract	Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines have been in the market since decades for preventing viral infection and have proven their usefulness also in other areas of biotechnology. Here, we describe in detail simple small-scale production and purification procedures for the generation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) VLPs using Pichia pastoris as expression host. This protocol may also be applicable with variations to other HBsAg-based VLPs additionally carrying antigens of other pathogens.
Keywords	HBsAg ; Pichia pastoris ; Vaccine ; Virus ; Virus-like particle
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01
Publisher	Humana Press
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Guidelines for Small-Scale Production and Purification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Virus-Like Particles from Recombinant Pichia pastoris.

Zahid, Maria / Rinas, Ursula

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2019

Abstract	Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines have been in the market since decades for preventing viral infection and have proven their usefulness also in other areas of biotechnology. Here, we describe in detail simple small-scale production and purification procedures for the generation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) VLPs using Pichia pastoris as expression host. This protocol may also be applicable with variations to other HBsAg-based VLPs additionally carrying antigens of other pathogens.
Keywords	HBsAg ; Pichia pastoris ; Vaccine ; Virus ; Virus-like particle
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01
Publisher	Humana Press
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus (NODM) After Liver Transplantation (LT): The Ultimate Non-diabetogenic Immunosuppressive Therapy.

Chaitou, Ali R / Valmiki, Surbhi / Valmiki, Mrinaal / Zahid, Maria / Aid, Mohamed A / Fawzy, Peter / Khan, Safeera

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e23635

Abstract: New-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) is a common long-term complication after liver transplantation (LT). It is thought to be drug-induced in most cases, no matter the underlying disease that cause liver failure and indicated transplantation. Standard post- ...

Abstract	New-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) is a common long-term complication after liver transplantation (LT). It is thought to be drug-induced in most cases, no matter the underlying disease that cause liver failure and indicated transplantation. Standard post-transplantation (PT) immunosuppressive regimens include prolonged use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), namely tacrolimus (TAC), alongside corticosteroids to avoid acute and chronic graft rejection. This combination is well known for its diabetogenicity. Significant differences between the applied regimens stand out concerning the duration and dosages to prevent the metabolic side effects of these drugs in the long run without compromising the graft's survival. Studies were collected after an extensive research of PubMed database for this very specific topic using the following MeSH keywords in multiple combinations: "Liver Transplantation," "Diabetes Mellitus," "NODM," "Tacrolimus," "Cyclosporine A," and "Steroids." In addition, we used the same keywords for regular searches in Google Scholar. Only the relevant English human studies between 2010 and 2020 were collected except for review articles. Duplicates were eliminated using Mendeley software. Twelve relevant studies directly related to the targeted topic were collected and discussed, including five retrospective cohorts, four prospective cohorts, one clinical trial, one prospective pilot, and one case report. Their topics included primarily the factors increasing the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation (NODALT), TAC-based immunosuppression and its relative blood levels affecting the possible development of NODALT, the role of cyclosporine in substituting TAC regimen, and the effect of different steroids-avoiding protocols on the prevention of NODALT. The reviewed studies suggested that lowering the serum concentration of tacrolimus (cTAC) throughout the PT period and eliminating the corticosteroids regimen as early as possible, among other measures, can significantly impact the rate of emergence of NODM. This traditional review tackles the most recent studies about NODALT to establish a comprehensive view on this issue and guide clinicians and researchers for the safest immunosuppressive regimen to date, while maintaining a balanced metabolic profile.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.23635
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online ; Thesis: Production in Pichia pastoris and characterization of genetically engineered hepatits B surface antigen virus-like particles

Zahid, Maria [Verfasser]

2013

Author's details	Maria Zahid
Keywords	Technische Chemie ; Technical Chemistry
Subject code	sg660
Language	English
Publisher	Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB)
Publishing place	Hannover
Document type	Book ; Online ; Thesis
Database	Digital theses on the web

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Article: Reinforcement and Compensatory Mechanisms in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies.

Valmiki, Mrinaal / Fawzy, Peter / Valmiki, Surbhi / Aid, Mohamed A / Chaitou, Ali R / Zahid, Maria / Khan, Safeera

Cureus

2021 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) e13718

Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychological disorder that causes inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness in patients. Ventral striatal hypo-responsiveness, orbitofrontal cortex, and dopaminergic status in the brain ... ...

Abstract	Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychological disorder that causes inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness in patients. Ventral striatal hypo-responsiveness, orbitofrontal cortex, and dopaminergic status in the brain are related to the pathogenesis of ADHD. Reinforcement tasks by monetary incentive delay (MID) was shown to produce more responsiveness in patients. In this study, we reviewed how reinforcement interventions and compensatory mechanisms affect the behavior of ADHD patients. This systematic review was undertaken as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, and PubMed database was used for literature search. The quality appraisal was completed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and nine case-control studies were included in this systematic review. A total of 976 participants were included, with 493 cases and 330 controls. The studies included discuss reinforcement, attention networks, and compensatory mechanisms. Our review concludes that reinforcement improves responsiveness to gain and loss of rewards in ADHD patients. Reward processing is selectively associated with the salience network. While ADHD, predominantly the inattentive type, is insensitive to stimuli, ADHD combined type and controls showed similar responsiveness. The right visual cortex may also be related to compensatory mechanisms in ADHD. As we only included case-control studies from the last eight years, in the English language, we might have missed some relevant studies related to this research. Because the included studies have a relatively small sample size, we recommend future studies to explore larger cohorts of patients to improve the reliability of findings pertinent to this field.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.13718
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A Cross-Sectional Survey to Assess Biorisk Management System in Research and Diagnostic Laboratories in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Muhammad, Javed / Sarwar, Samreen / Khan, Tariq / Qasmi, Shamsul Arfin / Ikram, Aamer / Ahmad, Ghufran / Zahid, Maria / Durrani, Rida Haroon / Ahmed, Furqan

Frontiers in public health

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 766162

Abstract: Financial, cultural, and managerial hurdles have made biosafety and biosecurity measures difficult in resource-constrained countries like Pakistan. Because of increasing awareness of biorisk management, diagnostic and research laboratories have made ... ...

Abstract	Financial, cultural, and managerial hurdles have made biosafety and biosecurity measures difficult in resource-constrained countries like Pakistan. Because of increasing awareness of biorisk management, diagnostic and research laboratories have made major advances in biosafety and biosecurity in the recent decade. As a result, identifying and addressing gaps in biorisk management has never been more critical. The purpose of this study was to assess the current situation of personal protective equipment (PPE), biosafety behavior, waste management, biosafety and biosecurity measures, training and safety, and health services in diagnostic and research laboratories across Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We adapted the WHO Laboratory Assessment tool (2012) and CWA 15793 (Biorisk management guidelines) for conducting a cross-sectional survey, which was distributed among various laboratories in KP. The survey included 30 laboratories, including 11 diagnostic and 19 research laboratories. In comparison to diagnostic laboratories, biorisk management practices in research laboratories were better in terms of PPE, biosafety behavior, waste management, biosafety measures, biosecurity measures, trainings, and safety and health services. KP laboratories' biorisk management practices have improved over time, according to our findings. However, we were able to identify inadequacies that would require considerable improvements to the current setups based on the WHO and CWA 15793 recommendations. Organizations can tailor their biosafety measures and training to address identified gaps using the presented KP snapshot.
MeSH term(s)	Containment of Biohazards ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Laboratories ; Pakistan ; Personal Protective Equipment
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2021.766162
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Extracellular Matrix: A Treasure Trove in Ovarian Cancer Dissemination and Chemotherapeutic Resistance.

Valmiki, Surbhi / Aid, Mohamed A / Chaitou, Ali R / Zahid, Maria / Valmiki, Mrinaal / Fawzy, Peter / Khan, Safeera

Cureus

2021 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) e13864

Abstract: Late presentation and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents make a deadly combination for ovarian cancer patients. The treatment of these patients is thus challenging. This study explores the possible molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells interact ... ...

Abstract	Late presentation and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents make a deadly combination for ovarian cancer patients. The treatment of these patients is thus challenging. This study explores the possible molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents, forming metastatic implants and enhancing patients' sensitivity to drugs. For the literature review, PubMed was used as a database. The standard search was done using keywords "collagen, ovarian cancer, extracellular matrix, drug resistance" in different combinations, which finally yielded 32 studies meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The studies included were published in the English language in the past seven years. After analyzing, we found all of them to be histopathological studies. Nine studies also used murine cell lines besides human cell lines and tissue samples from ovarian cancer patients. One study has a retrospective analysis done. Eight studies demonstrate the role of hypoxia and matrix remodeling enzymes in ovarian cancer dissemination. Genetics playing a crucial role in cancer metastasis is demonstrated in eight studies. Ten studies included shows receptors, enzymes, and spheroid organization in disease progression. Six studies address chemotherapeutic resistance. Intraperitoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer and the development of chemotherapeutic resistance depends on certain molecular interactions, and they can be targeted to improve patients' overall survival.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.13864
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Assessing stability and assembly of the hepatitis B surface antigen into virus-like particles during down-stream processing.

Zahid, Maria / Lünsdorf, Heinrich / Rinas, Ursula

Vaccine

2015 Volume 33, Issue 31, Page(s) 3739–3745

Abstract: The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a recombinant protein-based vaccine being able to form virus-like particles (VLPs). HBsAg is mainly produced using yeast-based expression systems, however, recent results strongly suggest that VLPs are not ... ...

Abstract	The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a recombinant protein-based vaccine being able to form virus-like particles (VLPs). HBsAg is mainly produced using yeast-based expression systems, however, recent results strongly suggest that VLPs are not formed within the yeast cells during the cultivation but are formed in a gradual manner during the following down-stream procedures. VLPs are also not detectable during the first down-stream steps including mechanical and EDTA/detergent-assisted cell destruction. Moreover, VLPs are not detectable in the cell lysate treated with polyethylene glycol and colloidal silica. The first VLP resembling structures appear after elution of HBsAg from colloidal silica to which it binds through hydrophobic interaction. These first VLP resembling structures are non-symmetrical as well as heterodisperse and exhibit a high tendency toward cluster formation presumably because of surface exposed hydrophobic patches. More symmetrical and monodisperse VLPs appear after the following ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography most likely as the result of buffer changes during these purification steps (toward more neutral pH and less salt). Final treatment of the VLPs with the denaturant KSCN at moderate concentrations with following KSCN removal by dialysis does not cause unfolding and VLP disassembly but results in a re- and fine-structuring of the VLP surface topology.
MeSH term(s)	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/chemistry ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/metabolism ; Hepatitis B Vaccines/chemistry ; Hepatitis B Vaccines/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Protein Multimerization ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/chemistry ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/isolation & purification ; Virosomes/chemistry ; Virosomes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Recombinant Proteins ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle ; Virosomes
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.066
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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