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Article ; Online: Lexical Choice and Crazy-wisdom

Hafiz Muhammad Zahid Iqbal

SAGE Open, Vol

A Usage-Based Interpretation of Bᾱhῡ’s

2022 Volume 12

Abstract: Bᾱhῡ’s Abyᾱt opens the doors of spiritual world for the Seekers of God who have been demoted from their spiritual quest. The objective of the study is to interpret Bᾱhῡ’s poetry from the perspective of semantic field theory by pinpointing the semantic ... ...

Abstract	Bᾱhῡ’s Abyᾱt opens the doors of spiritual world for the Seekers of God who have been demoted from their spiritual quest. The objective of the study is to interpret Bᾱhῡ’s poetry from the perspective of semantic field theory by pinpointing the semantic content of the synonyms for Murshid such as rāṅjhā, yᾱr, faqīr and ʿᾱshiq and antonyms to Murshid such as ʿᾱlim and bay - adab , a few examples being mentioned from Abyᾱt . Albeit, these words have different denotative signification, yet revealingly, these have the same connotative purport and seem to be related or un-related, as the case may be, to the concept of Murshid . The significance of the study lies in the fact that Bᾱhῡ’s poetry appears to have never been analyzed from semantic field theory viewpoint. Thus, the present research is an endeavor to unearth the underlying principles working behind such untraditional lexical choice as well as the incorporation of the phenomenon of “crazy-wisdom” in Bᾱhῡ’s poetry.
Keywords	History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	401
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Metaverse as Tech for Good

Muhammad Zahid Iqbal / Abraham G. Campbell

Virtual Worlds, Vol 2, Iss 4, Pp 326-

Current Progress and Emerging Opportunities

2023 Volume 342

Abstract: Metaverse is an upcoming transformative technology that will impact our future society with immersive experiences. The recent surge in the adoption of new technologies and innovations in connectivity, interaction technology, and artificial realities can ... ...

Abstract	Metaverse is an upcoming transformative technology that will impact our future society with immersive experiences. The recent surge in the adoption of new technologies and innovations in connectivity, interaction technology, and artificial realities can fundamentally change the digital world. The Metaverse concept is the most recent trend to encapsulate and define the potential new digital landscape. However, with the introduction of 5G with high speed and low latency advancements in the hardware and software with the graphics power to display millions of polygons in 3D and blockchain technology, this concept is no longer fiction. This transition from today’s Internet to a spatially embodied Internet is, at its core, a transition from 2D to 3D interactions taking place in multiple virtual universes. In recent years, augmented virtual reality has created possibilities in the private and professional spheres. The new Virtual Reality (VR) headsets and Augmented Reality (AR) glasses can provide immersion in the physical sense. Technology must offer realistic experiences for users to turn this concept into reality. This paper focuses on the potential use cases and benefits of the Metaverse as a tech for good. The research paper outlines the potential areas where a positive impact could occur, highlights recent progress, and discusses the issues around trust, ethics, and cognitive load.
Keywords	metaverse ; augmented reality ; virtual reality ; immersive technology ; extended reality ; 5G ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Review on Augmented Reality Authoring Toolkits for Education

Andreas Dengel / Muhammad Zahid Iqbal / Silke Grafe / Eleni Mangina

Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol

2022 Volume 3

Abstract: Creating pedagogically sound, interactive Augmented Reality (AR) experiences supporting situated and experiential learning remains a challenge to teachers without programming skills. To integrate AR in the everyday classroom, teachers need to be capable ... ...

Abstract	Creating pedagogically sound, interactive Augmented Reality (AR) experiences supporting situated and experiential learning remains a challenge to teachers without programming skills. To integrate AR in the everyday classroom, teachers need to be capable of designing their own immersive experiences for their students, which is why an analysis of existing authoring toolkits is necessary to identify suitable tools for educational application development and future research directions in terms of educational AR. We identified “easy access”, “GUI-based design”, and “interactive contents” as needs of teachers for designing AR content for the classroom. Based on these needs, we conducted a literature review of 835 documents. Of 80 relevant articles, we included 43 peer-reviewed articles from ACM Digital Library, DBLP, IEEExplore, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and miscellaneous other sources in our analysis. We identified 69 different AR authoring toolkits and classified these with regard to their accessibility, their degree of required programming knowledge, and their interactivity. The results show a divergent research landscape with a lack of empirical evaluation. Of 26 openly accessible toolkits, we identified five toolkits addressing the defined needs of teachers for designing interactive AR experiences for the classroom without requiring extensive programming knowledge. We conclude that there are only few tools for the straightforward design of educational AR experiences addressing the needs of teachers and suggest using research-informed and evidence-based criteria for developing AR authoring toolkits for education.
Keywords	Augmented reality ; immersive learning ; authoring toolkit ; technology-enhanced learning ; augmented reality learning ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Methyl 4-O-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosides

Mohammed Mahbubul Matin / Md. Zahid Iqbal

Orbital: The Electronic Journal of Chemistry, Vol 13, Iss

Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermodynamic Studies

2021 Volume 1

Abstract: Sugar esters (SEs) with promising antimicrobial functionality were found to be a better choice to solve the multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens due to their improved antimicrobial efficacy, and drug-likeness properties. In this context, 2-chlorobenzoyl ... ...

Abstract	Sugar esters (SEs) with promising antimicrobial functionality were found to be a better choice to solve the multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens due to their improved antimicrobial efficacy, and drug-likeness properties. In this context, 2-chlorobenzoyl ester group at C-4 position of methyl α-L-rhamnopyranoside was prepared via 2,3-O-acetonide protection followed by unimolar 2-chlorobenzoylation, and acetonide deprotection. The selective 4-O-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, thus formed, was converted into five 2,3-di-O-acyl esters with different aliphatic, and sulphonyl chains to obtain biologically important novel rhamnopyranoside-based SEs. All the synthesized compounds were optimized employing density functional theory (DFT). Thermodynamic calculations including frontier molecular orbital, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were calculated and discussed. Attachment of multiple ester groups enhanced their stability, reactivity, and softness indicating their more polar and reactive nature than the non-ester sugars. Corroboration of all these properties might be helpful for their interactions with several enzymes (proteins) during different biological activities. The present study also revealed that incorporation of 2-chlorobenzoyl and mesyl groups in rhamnopyranoside skeleton increased better thermodynamic properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i1.1532
Keywords	DFT calculations ; MEP ; Methyl α-L-rhamnopyranoside ; Selective esterification ; Sugar esters (SEs) ; Thermodynamic calculations ; Science ; Q ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Why there was need of Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology?

Zahid Iqbal

Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2013 Volume 1

Abstract: Knowledge is exploding with every moment and science is discovering new horizons with every passing day. To encompass this knowledge and, particularly disseminate it to the scientific community free of cost, was the major inspiring force behind the ... ...

Abstract	Knowledge is exploding with every moment and science is discovering new horizons with every passing day. To encompass this knowledge and, particularly disseminate it to the scientific community free of cost, was the major inspiring force behind the launch of Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology (AJAB). Another factor that motivated us was the narrow spectrum of the most of existing journals which cover only one or two specific fields and do not focus on interdisciplinary approach. The need was deeply felt by our team members and we decided to start a journal which would focus on all interrelated disciplines of agricultural and other biological sciences. From here we perceived the idea of the name of our new journal “Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology”. We also decided that this would be online only to save the wastage of paper as most of the scientific literature is accessed through internet and people are least interested in printed copies of the articles. We deliberated a lot over free access of the journal and concluded in its favor, keeping in view the basic right of every human being to have free access to the knowledge of scientific discoveries and literature. It was also decided that AJAB will publish original research manuscripts, short communications and review articles on environmental, plant, animal and human sciences. Environmental sciences will cover areas of soil related research, residues and food quality. Plant sciences will focus on plant diversity, distribution, genetics, bioinformatics and biotechnology related issues. Animal sciences will deal with the health and diseases of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and their treatment related research. Human sciences will relate to different aspects of health and diseases of humans and various issues arising in medical sciences. The first issue of AJAB is before you and we hope your constructive feedback to improve its matter and quality.
Keywords	AJAB ; Agriculture ; S ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Life Sciences Society of Pakistan
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Methyl 4-O-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosides

Mohammed Mahbubul Matin / Md. Zahid Iqbal

Orbital: The Electronic Journal of Chemistry, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 19-

Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermodynamic Studies

2021 Volume 27

Abstract	Sugar esters (SEs) with promising antimicrobial functionality were found to be a better choice to solve the multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens due to their improved antimicrobial efficacy, and drug-likeness properties. In this context, 2-chlorobenzoyl ester group at C-4 position of methyl α-L-rhamnopyranoside was prepared via 2,3- O -acetonide protection followed by unimolar 2-chlorobenzoylation, and acetonide deprotection. The selective 4- O -(2-chlorobenzoyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, thus formed, was converted into five 2,3-di- O -acyl esters with different aliphatic, and sulphonyl chains to obtain biologically important novel rhamnopyranoside-based SEs. All the synthesized compounds were optimized employing density functional theory (DFT). Thermodynamic calculations including frontier molecular orbital, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were calculated and discussed. Attachment of multiple ester groups enhanced their stability, reactivity, and softness indicating their more polar and reactive nature than the non-ester sugars. Corroboration of all these properties might be helpful for their interactions with several enzymes (proteins) during different biological activities. The present study also revealed that incorporation of 2-chlorobenzoyl and mesyl groups in rhamnopyranoside skeleton increased better thermodynamic properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i1.1532
Keywords	dft calculations ; mep ; methyl α-l-rhamnopyranoside ; selective esterification ; sugar esters (ses) ; thermodynamic calculations ; Science ; Q ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of Single-Stage Reverse Sural Artery Flap Versus Two-Staged Interpolated Flap in Distal Lower Limb Injuries

Tauqeer Nazim / Sarfraz Ahmad / Kamran Hamid / Zahid Iqbal Bhatti / Muhammad Maaz Arif / Danish Mohsin

BioMedica, Vol 39, Iss 1, Pp 21-

2023 Volume 24

Abstract: Background and Objective : Plastic surgeons face challenging conditions when dealing with soft tissue injuries or defects involving the lower part of the leg and the proximal part of the foot. The objective of the current study is to compare single- ... ...

Abstract	Background and Objective : Plastic surgeons face challenging conditions when dealing with soft tissue injuries or defects involving the lower part of the leg and the proximal part of the foot. The objective of the current study is to compare single-staged reverse sural artery flaps with two-staged interpolated flaps in distal lower limb injuries. Methods : It was a prospective study carried out at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan, over 5 years from 2015 to 2020. Sixty-eight (n = 68) patients with distal lower limb soft-tissue defects were enrolled and randomly allotted a two-stage interpolated flap design (group A) or single-stage reverse sural artery flap design (group B). The measured outcomes included the frequency of flap-tip necrosis, epidermolysis, partial or total flap loss, and additional procedures needed for managing these complications. Results : Out of all the patients, 72% were of male gender and 28% were females with a mean age of 38.38 ± 10.76 years. In group A, there were 6% of the cases where tip necrosis was the only impediment as compared to 17% in group B. In patients of group A, epidermolysis was seen in 12% as compared to 35% in group B whereas only 6% of patients in group A required secondary procedures for flap tip necrosis as compared to group B (47%). Paired t-test was used to calculate the statistical significance of the outcome between the two groups (p-value of 0.0491). Conclusion : The two-staged interpolated flap procedure results in fewer complications as compared to a single-staged reverse sural artery flap procedure. However, the shorter hospital stay in single-staged flap design is satisfying for the patients who did not report any complications with this procedure.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Discover STM Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: On the Eccentric Connectivity Polynomial of ℱ-Sum of Connected Graphs

Muhammad Imran / Shehnaz Akhter / Zahid Iqbal

Complexity, Vol

2020 Volume 2020

Abstract: The eccentric connectivity polynomial (ECP) of a connected graph G=VG,EG is described as ξcG,y=∑a∈VGdegGayecGa, where ecGa and degGa represent the eccentricity and the degree of the vertex a, respectively. The eccentric connectivity index (ECI) can also ... ...

Abstract	The eccentric connectivity polynomial (ECP) of a connected graph G=VG,EG is described as ξcG,y=∑a∈VGdegGayecGa, where ecGa and degGa represent the eccentricity and the degree of the vertex a, respectively. The eccentric connectivity index (ECI) can also be acquired from ξcG,y by taking its first derivatives at y=1. The ECI has been widely used for analyzing both the boiling point and melting point for chemical compounds and medicinal drugs in QSPR/QSAR studies. As the extension of ECI, the ECP also performs a pivotal role in pharmaceutical science and chemical engineering. Graph products conveniently play an important role in many combinatorial applications, graph decompositions, pure mathematics, and applied mathematics. In this article, we work out the ECP of ℱ-sum of graphs. Moreover, we derive the explicit expressions of ECP for well-known graph products such as generalized hierarchical, cluster, and corona products of graphs. We also apply these outcomes to deduce the ECP of some classes of chemical graphs.
Keywords	Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi-Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An efficient optimizer for the 0/1 knapsack problem using group counseling

Yazeed Yasin Ghadi / Tamara AlShloul / Zahid Iqbal Nezami / Hamid Ali / Muhammad Asif / Hanan Aljuaid / Shahbaz Ahmad

PeerJ Computer Science, Vol 9, p e

2023 Volume 1315

Abstract: The field of optimization is concerned with determining the optimal solution to a problem. It refers to the mathematical loss or gain of a given objective function. Optimization must reduce the given problem’s losses and disadvantages while maximizing ... ...

Abstract	The field of optimization is concerned with determining the optimal solution to a problem. It refers to the mathematical loss or gain of a given objective function. Optimization must reduce the given problem’s losses and disadvantages while maximizing its earnings and benefits. We all want optimal or, at the very least, suboptimal answers because we all want to live a better life. Group counseling optimizer (GCO) is an emerging evolutionary algorithm that simulates the human behavior of counseling within a group for solving problems. GCO has been successfully applied to single and multi-objective optimization problems. The 0/1 knapsack problem is also a combinatorial problem in which we can select an item entirely or drop it to fill a knapsack so that the total weight of selected items is less than or equal to the knapsack size and the value of all items is as significant as possible. Dynamic programming solves the 0/1 knapsack problem optimally, but the time complexity of dynamic programming is O(n3). In this article, we provide a feature analysis of GCO parameters and use it to solve the 0/1 knapsack problem (KP) using GCO. The results show that the GCO-based approach efficiently solves the 0/1 knapsack problem; therefore, it is a viable alternative to solving the 0/1 knapsack problem.
Keywords	GCO ; Knapsack ; Evolutionary algorithmx ; Evolutionary algorithm ; Combinatorial ; Optimization ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	000
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Enhanced payload volume in the least significant bits image steganography using hash function

Yazeed Yasin Ghadi / Tamara AlShloul / Zahid Iqbal Nezami / Hamid Ali / Muhammad Asif / Mohamed Jaward Bah

PeerJ Computer Science, Vol 9, p e

2023 Volume 1606

Abstract: The art of message masking is called steganography. Steganography keeps communication from being seen by any other person. In the domain of information concealment within images, numerous steganographic techniques exist. Digital photos stand out as prime ...

Abstract	The art of message masking is called steganography. Steganography keeps communication from being seen by any other person. In the domain of information concealment within images, numerous steganographic techniques exist. Digital photos stand out as prime candidates due to their widespread availability. This study seeks to develop a secure, high-capacity communication system that ensures private interaction while safeguarding information from the broader context. This study used the four least significant bits for steganography to hide the message in a secure way using a hash function. Before steganography, the message is encrypted using one of the encryption techniques: Caesar cipher or Vigenère cipher. By altering only the least significant bits (LSBs), the changes between the original and stego images remain invisible to the human eye. The proposed method excels in secret data capacity, featuring a high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and low mean square error (MSE). This approach offers significant payload capacity and dual-layer security (encryption and steganography).
Keywords	Steganography ; Hash function ; High payload ; Caesar cipher ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	005
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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