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Article ; Online: The thresholding problem and variability in the EEG graph network parameters.

Adamovich, Timofey / Zakharov, Ilya / Tabueva, Anna / Malykh, Sergey

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 18659

Abstract: Graph thresholding is a frequently used practice of eliminating the weak connections in brain functional connectivity graphs. The main aim of the procedure is to delete the spurious connections in the data. However, the choice of the threshold is ... ...

Abstract	Graph thresholding is a frequently used practice of eliminating the weak connections in brain functional connectivity graphs. The main aim of the procedure is to delete the spurious connections in the data. However, the choice of the threshold is arbitrary, and the effect of the threshold choice is not fully understood. Here we present the description of the changes in the global measures of a functional connectivity graph depending on the different proportional thresholds based on the 146 resting-state EEG recordings. The dynamics is presented in five different synchronization measures (wPLI, ImCoh, Coherence, ciPLV, PPC) in sensors and source spaces. The analysis shows significant changes in the graph's global connectivity measures as a function of the chosen threshold which may influence the outcome of the study. The choice of the threshold could lead to different study conclusions; thus it is necessary to improve the reasoning behind the choice of the different analytic options and consider the adoption of different analytic approaches. We also proposed some ways of improving the procedure of thresholding in functional connectivity research.
MeSH term(s)	Brain Mapping/methods ; Brain ; Electroencephalography/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-22079-2
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Article ; Online: Apoptotic Features in Non-Apoptotic Processes.

Savitskaya, Margarita A / Zakharov, Ilya I / Onishchenko, Galina E

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia

2022 Volume 87, Issue 3, Page(s) 191–206

Abstract: Apoptosis is the most thoroughly studied type of regulated cell death. Certain events, such as externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) into the outer leaflet of plasma membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, caspase cascade activation, ...

Abstract	Apoptosis is the most thoroughly studied type of regulated cell death. Certain events, such as externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) into the outer leaflet of plasma membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, caspase cascade activation, DNA fragmentation and blebbing, are widely considered to be hallmarks of apoptosis as well as being traditionally viewed as irreversible. This review shows that under particular circumstances these events can also participate in physiological processes not associated with initiation of apoptosis, such as cell differentiation, division, and motility, as well as non-apoptotic types of cell death. Moreover, these events may often be reversible. This review focuses on three processes: phosphatidylserine externalization, blebbing, and activation of apoptotic caspases. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and DNA fragmentation are not discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis/physiology ; Caspases/metabolism ; Phosphatidylserines
Chemical Substances	Phosphatidylserines ; Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1109-5
ISSN	1608-3040 ; 0006-2979 ; 0320-9717
ISSN (online)	1608-3040
ISSN	0006-2979 ; 0320-9717
DOI	10.1134/S0006297922030014
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Article ; Online: Attitudes towards genetic testing: The role of genetic literacy, motivated cognition, and socio-demographic characteristics.

Likhanov, Maxim / Zakharov, Ilya / Awofala, Adeyemi / Ogundele, Olusegun / Selita, Fatos / Kovas, Yulia / Chapman, Robert

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) e0293187

Abstract: Understanding reasons for why people choose to have or not to have a genetic test is essential given the ever-increasing use of genetic technologies in everyday life. The present study explored the multiple drivers of people's attitudes towards genetic ... ...

Abstract	Understanding reasons for why people choose to have or not to have a genetic test is essential given the ever-increasing use of genetic technologies in everyday life. The present study explored the multiple drivers of people's attitudes towards genetic testing. Using the International Genetic Literacy and Attitudes Survey (iGLAS), we collected data on: (1) willingness to undergo testing; (2) genetic literacy; (3) motivated cognition; and (4) demographic and cultural characteristics. The 37 variables were explored in the largest to-date sample of 4311 participants from diverse demographic and cultural backgrounds. The results showed that 82% of participants were willing to undergo genetic testing for improved treatment; and over 73%-for research. The 35 predictor variables together explained only a small proportion of variance: 7%-in the willingness to test for Treatment; and 6%-for Research. The strongest predictors of willingness to undergo genetic testing were genetic knowledge and deterministic beliefs. Concerns about data misuse and about finding out unwanted health-related information were weakly negatively associated with willingness to undergo genetic testing. We also found some differences in factors linked to attitudes towards genetic testing across the countries included in this study. Our study demonstrates that decision-making regarding genetic testing is influenced by a large number of potentially interacting factors. Further research into these factors may help consumers to make decisions regarding genetic testing that are right for their specific circumstances.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Literacy ; Attitude ; Genetic Testing ; Cognition ; Demography ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0293187
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Article: The Place of Gender Stereotypes in the Network of Cognitive Abilities, Self-Perceived Ability and Intrinsic Value of School in School Children Depending on Sex and Preferences in STEM.

Ismatullina, Victoria / Adamovich, Timofey / Zakharov, Ilya / Vasin, Georgy / Voronin, Ivan

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Adolescents face many barriers on the path towards a STEM profession, especially girls. We examine the gender stereotypes, cognitive abilities, self-perceived ability and intrinsic values of 546 Russian school children from 12 to 17 years old by sex and ... ...

Abstract	Adolescents face many barriers on the path towards a STEM profession, especially girls. We examine the gender stereotypes, cognitive abilities, self-perceived ability and intrinsic values of 546 Russian school children from 12 to 17 years old by sex and STEM preferences. In our sample, STEM students compared to no-STEM have higher cognitive abilities, intrinsic motivation towards math and science, are more confident in their math abilities and perceive math as being easier. Boys scored higher in science, math and overall academic self-efficacy, intrinsic learning motivation and math's importance for future careers. Meanwhile, girls displayed higher levels of gender stereotypes related to STEM and lower self-efficacy in math. A network analysis was conducted to identify the structure of psychological traits and the position of the stem-related stereotypes among them. The analysis arrived at substantially different results when adolescents were grouped by sex or preference towards STEM. It also demonstrated that gender stereotypes are connected with cognitive abilities, with a stronger link in the no-STEM group. Such stereotypes play a more important role for girls than boys and, jointly with the general self-efficacy of cognitive and academic abilities, are associated with the factors that distinguish groups of adolescents in their future careers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651997-5
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs12030075
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Article: The Interaction between Congruency and Numerical Ratio Effects in the Nonsymbolic Comparison Test.

Kuzmina, Yulia / Marakshina, Julia / Lobaskova, Marina / Zakharov, Ilya / Tikhomirova, Tatiana / Malykh, Sergey

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 12

Abstract: The nonsymbolic comparison task is used to investigate the precision of the Approximate Number Sense, the ability to process discrete numerosity without counting and symbols. There is an ongoing debate regarding the extent to which the ANS is influenced ... ...

Abstract	The nonsymbolic comparison task is used to investigate the precision of the Approximate Number Sense, the ability to process discrete numerosity without counting and symbols. There is an ongoing debate regarding the extent to which the ANS is influenced by the processing of non-numerical visual cues. To address this question, we assessed the congruency effect in a nonsymbolic comparison task, examining its variability across different stimulus presentation formats and numerical proportions. Additionally, we examined the variability of the numerical ratio effect with the format and congruency. Utilizing generalized linear mixed-effects models with a sample of 290 students (89% female, mean age 19.33 years), we estimated the congruency effect and numerical ratio effect for separated and intermixed formats of stimulus presentation, and for small and large numerical proportions. The findings indicated that the congruency effect increased in large numerical proportion conditions, but this pattern was observed only in the separated format. In the intermixed format, the congruency effect was insignificant for both types of numerical proportion. Notably, the numerical ratio effect varied for congruent and incongruent trials in different formats. The results may suggest that the processing of visual non-numerical parameters may be crucial when numerosity processing becomes noisier, specifically when numerical proportion becomes larger. The implications of these findings for refining the ANS theory are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651997-5
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs13120983
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Article ; Online: Prediction of brain sex from EEG: using large-scale heterogeneous dataset for developing a highly accurate and interpretable ML model.

Khayretdinova, Mariam / Zakharov, Ilya / Pshonkovskaya, Polina / Adamovich, Timothy / Kiryasov, Andrey / Zhdanov, Andrey / Shovkun, Alexey

NeuroImage

2023 Volume 285, Page(s) 120495

Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive examination of sex-related differences in resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) data, leveraging two different types of machine learning models to predict an individual's sex. We utilized data from the Two Decades- ... ...

Abstract	This study presents a comprehensive examination of sex-related differences in resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) data, leveraging two different types of machine learning models to predict an individual's sex. We utilized data from the Two Decades-Brainclinics Research Archive for Insights in Neurophysiology (TDBRAIN) EEG study, affirming that gender prediction can be attained with noteworthy accuracy. The best performing model achieved an accuracy of 85% and an ROC AUC of 89%, surpassing all prior benchmarks set using EEG data and rivaling the top-tier results derived from fMRI studies. A comparative analysis of LightGBM and Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) models revealed DCNN's superior performance, attributed to its ability to learn complex spatial-temporal patterns in the EEG data and handle large volumes of data effectively. Despite this, interpretability remained a challenge for the DCNN model. The LightGBM interpretability analysis revealed that the most important EEG features for accurate sex prediction were related to left fronto-central and parietal EEG connectivity. We also showed the role of both low (delta and theta) and high (beta and gamma) activity in the accurate sex prediction. These results, however, have to be approached with caution, because it was obtained from a dataset comprised largely of participants with various mental health conditions, which limits the generalizability of the results and necessitates further validation in future studies. . Overall, the study illuminates the potential of interpretable machine learning for sex prediction, alongside highlighting the importance of considering individual differences in prediction sex from brain activity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Brain/physiology ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Machine Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Electroencephalography/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1147767-2
ISSN	1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
ISSN (online)	1095-9572
ISSN	1053-8119
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120495
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Article ; Online: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale in Russian adolescents.

Marakshina, Julia / Adamovich, Timofey / Vasin, Georgy / Ismatullina, Victoria / Lobaskova, Marina / Malykh, Artem / Kolyasnikov, Pavel / Tabueva, Anna / Zakharov, Ilya / Malykh, Sergey

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 775

Abstract: This study involved a psychometric analysis of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). To investigate the Russian version of the PSS-10 for adolescents, 3530 adolescents aged 13-17 years were recruited. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the ...

Abstract	This study involved a psychometric analysis of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). To investigate the Russian version of the PSS-10 for adolescents, 3530 adolescents aged 13-17 years were recruited. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the data corresponded to the expected two-factor configuration. Psychometric properties and factor structure were evaluated. As expected, the PSS-10 included two factors: perceived helplessness and perceived self-efficacy. Internal consistency demonstrated acceptable values (Cronbach's alpha was 0.82 for perceived helplessness, 0.77 for perceived self-efficacy, and 0.80 for the overall PSS score). Measurement invariance across sexes was assessed, and configural and metric invariance were confirmed. The developed diagnostic tool can be used both in the school system to alleviate the negative consequences of academic stress in adolescents and, in the future, in other areas, particularly in clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Emotions ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Russia
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-51104-1
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Article ; Online: Working memory processes and intrinsic motivation: An EEG study.

Zhozhikashvili, Natalia / Protopova, Maria / Shkurenko, Tatiana / Arsalidou, Marie / Zakharov, Ilya / Kotchoubey, Boris / Malykh, Sergey / Pavlov, Yuri G

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology

2024 Volume 201, Page(s) 112355

Abstract: Processes typically encompassed by working memory (WM) include encoding, retention, and retrieval of information. Previous research has demonstrated that motivation can influence WM performance, although the specific WM processes affected by motivation ... ...

Abstract	Processes typically encompassed by working memory (WM) include encoding, retention, and retrieval of information. Previous research has demonstrated that motivation can influence WM performance, although the specific WM processes affected by motivation are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of motivation on different WM processes, examining how task difficulty modulates these effects. We hypothesized that motivation level and personality traits of the participants (N = 48, 32 females; mean age = 21) would modulate the parietal alpha and frontal theta electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of WM encoding, retention, and retrieval phases of the Sternberg task. This effect was expected to be more pronounced under conditions of very high task difficulty. We found that increasing difficulty led to reduced accuracy and increased response time, but no significant relationship was found between motivation and accuracy. However, EEG data revealed that motivation influenced WM processes, as indicated by changes in alpha and theta oscillations. Specifically, higher levels of the Resilience trait-associated with mental toughness, hardiness, self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and low anxiety-were related to increased alpha desynchronization during encoding and retrieval. Increased scores of Subjective Motivation to perform well in the task were related to enhanced frontal midline theta during retention. Additionally, these effects were significantly stronger under conditions of high difficulty. These findings provide insights into the specific WM processes that are influenced by motivation, and underscore the importance of considering both task difficulty and intrinsic motivation in WM research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605645-3
ISSN	1872-7697 ; 0167-8760
ISSN (online)	1872-7697
ISSN	0167-8760
DOI	10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112355
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Article: Parietal Alpha Oscillations: Cognitive Load and Mental Toughness.

Zhozhikashvili, Natalia / Zakharov, Ilya / Ismatullina, Victoria / Feklicheva, Inna / Malykh, Sergey / Arsalidou, Marie

Brain sciences

2022 Volume 12, Issue 9

Abstract: Cognitive effort is intrinsically linked to task difficulty, intelligence, and mental toughness. Intelligence reflects an individual’s cognitive aptitude, whereas mental toughness (MT) reflects an individual’s resilience in pursuing success. Research ... ...

Abstract	Cognitive effort is intrinsically linked to task difficulty, intelligence, and mental toughness. Intelligence reflects an individual’s cognitive aptitude, whereas mental toughness (MT) reflects an individual’s resilience in pursuing success. Research shows that parietal alpha oscillations are associated with changes in task difficulty. Critically, it remains unclear whether parietal alpha oscillations are modulated by intelligence and MT as a personality trait. We examined event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) of alpha oscillations associated with encoding, retention, and recognition in the Sternberg task in relation to intelligence and mental toughness. Eighty participants completed the Sternberg task with 3, 4, 5 and 6 digits, Raven Standard Progressive Matrices test and an MT questionnaire. A positive dependence on difficulty was observed for all studied oscillatory effects (t = −8.497, p < 0.001; t = 2.806, p < 0.005; t = −2.103, p < 0.05). The influence of Raven intelligence was observed for encoding-related alpha ERD (t = −2.02, p = 0.049). The influence of MT was observed only for difficult conditions in recognition-related alpha ERD (t = −3.282, p < 0.005). Findings indicate that the modulation of alpha rhythm related to encoding, retention and recognition may be interpreted as correlates of cognitive effort modulation. Specifically, results suggest that effort related to encoding depends on intelligence, whereas recognition-related effort level depends on mental toughness.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci12091135
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Article: The diversity of Wolbachia and its effects on host reproduction in a single Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) population

Shaikevich, Elena V. / Romanov, Denis A. / Zakharov, Ilya A.

Symbiosis. 2021 Nov., v. 85, no. 2

2021

Abstract: Wolbachia is a maternally inherited bacterium that causes male-killing in the aphidophagous two-spot ladybird Adalia bipunctata. Limited data on the prevalence or diversity of Wolbachia in this species are available. Wolbachia in A. bipunctata in the ... ...

Abstract	Wolbachia is a maternally inherited bacterium that causes male-killing in the aphidophagous two-spot ladybird Adalia bipunctata. Limited data on the prevalence or diversity of Wolbachia in this species are available. Wolbachia in A. bipunctata in the Moscow collection was first discovered in 1997, and the purpose of this study was to confirm the stability of symbiosis in the same locality over time. Wolbachia multilocus sequence typing was performed by sequencing six bacterial genes to explore the diversity of the Wolbachia strains. Based on the sequence analyses, Wolbachia in A. bipunctata appears to belong to two supergroups, A and B, giving rise to three distinct evolutionary lineages, which we have designated as wAbi-1, wAbi-2, and wAbi-3. One Wolbachia strain, wAbi-1, has probably been in existence – and caused male-killing in A. bipunctata – for at least 23 years. For the first time, we found Wolbachia strain wAbi-2, which do not cause male-killing in A. bipunctata. No association was found between bacterial strains and host mitochondrial haplotypes. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationships between the strains studied in the present work and previously published Wolbachia strains distributed globally among taxonomically unrelated insects corroborate the notion of bacterial horizontal transmission in insects, including A. bipunctata.
Keywords	Adalia bipunctata ; Wolbachia ; aphidophagous predators ; bacteria ; haplotypes ; mitochondria ; multilocus sequence typing ; phylogeny ; reproduction ; symbiosis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Size	p. 249-257.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2535332-9
ISSN	1878-7665 ; 0334-5114
ISSN (online)	1878-7665
ISSN	0334-5114
DOI	10.1007/s13199-021-00808-x
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