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  1. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Accessory Proteins in Viral Pathogenesis: Knowns and Unknowns.

    Redondo, Natalia / Zaldívar-López, Sara / Garrido, Juan J / Montoya, Maria

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 708264

    Abstract: There are still many unanswered questions concerning viral SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in COVID-19. Accessory proteins in SARS-CoV-2 consist of eleven viral proteins whose roles during infection are still not completely understood. Here, a review on the ... ...

    Abstract There are still many unanswered questions concerning viral SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in COVID-19. Accessory proteins in SARS-CoV-2 consist of eleven viral proteins whose roles during infection are still not completely understood. Here, a review on the current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins is summarized updating new research that could be critical in understanding SARS-CoV-2 interaction with the host. Some accessory proteins such as ORF3b, ORF6, ORF7a and ORF8 have been shown to be important IFN-I antagonists inducing an impairment in the host immune response. In addition, ORF3a is involved in apoptosis whereas others like ORF9b and ORF9c interact with cellular organelles leading to suppression of the antiviral response in infected cells. However, possible roles of ORF7b and ORF10 are still awaiting to be described. Also, ORF3d has been reassigned. Relevant information on the knowns and the unknowns in these proteins is analyzed, which could be crucial for further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and to design strategies counteracting their actions evading immune responses in COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/pathology ; Coronavirus/metabolism ; Coronavirus/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immune Evasion ; Immunity ; Interferons/antagonists & inhibitors ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/immunology ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins ; Interferons (9008-11-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708264
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Salmonella Typhimurium induces genome-wide expression and phosphorylation changes that modulate immune response, intracellular survival and vesicle transport in infected neutrophils

    Zaldívar-López, Sara / Herrera-Uribe, Juber / Bautista, Rocío / Jiménez Soria, Angeles / Moreno, Ángela / Claros, M. Gonzalo / Garrido, Juan J.

    Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 2023 Mar., v. 140 p.104597-

    2023  

    Abstract: Salmonella Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that causes salmonellosis. When in contact with the host, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to act as first line of defense. To better understand the pathogenesis of this infection, we used an in vitro ... ...

    Abstract Salmonella Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that causes salmonellosis. When in contact with the host, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to act as first line of defense. To better understand the pathogenesis of this infection, we used an in vitro model of neutrophil infection to perform dual RNA-sequencing (both host and pathogen). In addition, and given that many pathogens interfere with kinase‐mediated phosphorylation in host signaling, we performed a phosphoproteomic analysis. The immune response was overall diminished in infected neutrophils, mainly JAK/STAT and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. We found decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokine receptor genes and predicted downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) signaling pathway. Also, Salmonella infection inhibited interferons I and II signaling pathways by upregulation of SOCS3 and subsequent downregulation of STAT1 and STAT2. Additionally, phosphorylation of PSMC2 and PSMC4, proteasome regulatory proteins, was decreased in infected neutrophils. Cell viability and survival was increased by p53 signaling, cell cycle arrest and NFkB-proteasome pathways activation. Combined analysis of RNA-seq and phosphoproteomics also revealed inhibited vesicle transport mechanisms mediated by dynein/dynactin and exocyst complexes, involved in ER-to-Golgi transport and centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes. Among the overexpressed virulence genes from Salmonella we found potential effectors responsible of these dysregulations, such as spiC, sopD2, sifA or pipB2, all of them involved in intracellular replication. Our results suggest that Salmonella induces (through overexpression of virulence factors) transcriptional and phosphorylation changes that increases neutrophil survival and shuts down immune response to minimize host response, and impairing intracellular vesicle transport likely to keep nutrients for replication and Salmonella-containing vacuole formation and maintenance.
    Keywords Salmonella Typhimurium ; Toll-like receptors ; cell cycle checkpoints ; cell viability ; cytokine receptors ; dynein ATPase ; endosomes ; food pathogens ; immune response ; lysosomes ; models ; neutrophils ; pathogenesis ; phosphorylation ; physiological transport ; proteasome endopeptidase complex ; proteomics ; salmonellosis ; sequence analysis ; transcription (genetics) ; vacuoles ; virulence ; Infection ; Transcriptomics ; Dual RNA-Seq ; Phosphoproteomics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 752411-0
    ISSN 1879-0089 ; 0145-305X
    ISSN (online) 1879-0089
    ISSN 0145-305X
    DOI 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104597
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Study of microRNA expression in Salmonella Typhimurium-infected porcine ileum reveals miR-194a-5p as an important regulator of the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response.

    Herrera-Uribe, Juber / Zaldívar-López, Sara / Aguilar, Carmen / Entrenas-García, Carmen / Bautista, Rocío / Claros, M Gonzalo / Garrido, Juan J

    Veterinary research

    2022  Volume 53, Issue 1, Page(s) 35

    Abstract: Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a common cause of food-borne zoonosis leading to acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs, causing economic losses to producers and farmers, and generating a food security risk. In a previous ... ...

    Abstract Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a common cause of food-borne zoonosis leading to acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs, causing economic losses to producers and farmers, and generating a food security risk. In a previous study, we demonstrated that S. Typhimurium infection produces a severe transcriptional activation of inflammatory processes in ileum. However, little is known regarding how microRNAs regulate this response during infection. Here, small RNA sequencing was used to identify 28 miRNAs differentially expressed (DE) in ileum of S. Typhimurium-infected pigs, which potentially regulate 14 target genes involved in immune system processes such as regulation of cytokine production, monocyte chemotaxis, or cellular response to interferon gamma. Using in vitro functional and gain/loss of function (mimics/CRISPR-Cas system) approaches, we show that porcine miR-194a-5p (homologous to human miR-194-5p) regulates TLR4 gene expression, an important molecule involved in pathogen virulence, recognition and activation of innate immunity in Salmonella infection.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ileum ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Salmonella Infections, Animal ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics ; Swine ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs ; Toll-Like Receptor 4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1146298-x
    ISSN 1297-9716 ; 0928-4249
    ISSN (online) 1297-9716
    ISSN 0928-4249
    DOI 10.1186/s13567-022-01056-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Salmonella Typhimurium induces genome-wide expression and phosphorylation changes that modulate immune response, intracellular survival and vesicle transport in infected neutrophils.

    Zaldívar-López, Sara / Herrera-Uribe, Juber / Bautista, Rocío / Jiménez, Ángeles / Moreno, Ángela / Claros, M Gonzalo / Garrido, Juan J

    Developmental and comparative immunology

    2022  Volume 140, Page(s) 104597

    Abstract: Salmonella Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that causes salmonellosis. When in contact with the host, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to act as first line of defense. To better understand the pathogenesis of this infection, we used an in vitro ... ...

    Abstract Salmonella Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that causes salmonellosis. When in contact with the host, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to act as first line of defense. To better understand the pathogenesis of this infection, we used an in vitro model of neutrophil infection to perform dual RNA-sequencing (both host and pathogen). In addition, and given that many pathogens interfere with kinase-mediated phosphorylation in host signaling, we performed a phosphoproteomic analysis. The immune response was overall diminished in infected neutrophils, mainly JAK/STAT and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. We found decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokine receptor genes and predicted downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) signaling pathway. Also, Salmonella infection inhibited interferons I and II signaling pathways by upregulation of SOCS3 and subsequent downregulation of STAT1 and STAT2. Additionally, phosphorylation of PSMC2 and PSMC4, proteasome regulatory proteins, was decreased in infected neutrophils. Cell viability and survival was increased by p53 signaling, cell cycle arrest and NFkB-proteasome pathways activation. Combined analysis of RNA-seq and phosphoproteomics also revealed inhibited vesicle transport mechanisms mediated by dynein/dynactin and exocyst complexes, involved in ER-to-Golgi transport and centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes. Among the overexpressed virulence genes from Salmonella we found potential effectors responsible of these dysregulations, such as spiC, sopD2, sifA or pipB2, all of them involved in intracellular replication. Our results suggest that Salmonella induces (through overexpression of virulence factors) transcriptional and phosphorylation changes that increases neutrophil survival and shuts down immune response to minimize host response, and impairing intracellular vesicle transport likely to keep nutrients for replication and Salmonella-containing vacuole formation and maintenance.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Salmonella Infections ; Immunity ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1) ; Bacterial Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 752411-0
    ISSN 1879-0089 ; 0145-305X
    ISSN (online) 1879-0089
    ISSN 0145-305X
    DOI 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104597
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Study of microRNA expression in Salmonella Typhimurium-infected porcine ileum reveals miR-194a-5p as an important regulator of the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response

    Herrera-Uribe, Juber / Zaldívar-López, Sara / Aguilar, Carmen / Entrenas-García, Carmen / Bautista, Rocío / Claros, M. Gonzalo / Garrido, Juan J.

    Veterinary research. 2022 Dec., v. 53, no. 1

    2022  

    Abstract: Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a common cause of food-borne zoonosis leading to acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs, causing economic losses to producers and farmers, and generating a food security risk. In a previous ... ...

    Abstract Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a common cause of food-borne zoonosis leading to acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs, causing economic losses to producers and farmers, and generating a food security risk. In a previous study, we demonstrated that S. Typhimurium infection produces a severe transcriptional activation of inflammatory processes in ileum. However, little is known regarding how microRNAs regulate this response during infection. Here, small RNA sequencing was used to identify 28 miRNAs differentially expressed (DE) in ileum of S. Typhimurium-infected pigs, which potentially regulate 14 target genes involved in immune system processes such as regulation of cytokine production, monocyte chemotaxis, or cellular response to interferon gamma. Using in vitro functional and gain/loss of function (mimics/CRISPR-Cas system) approaches, we show that porcine miR-194a-5p (homologous to human miR-194-5p) regulates TLR4 gene expression, an important molecule involved in pathogen virulence, recognition and activation of innate immunity in Salmonella infection.
    Keywords Salmonella Typhimurium ; chemotaxis ; cytokines ; food security ; gastroenteritis ; gene expression ; humans ; ileum ; inflammation ; innate immunity ; interferon-gamma ; microRNA ; monocytes ; pathogens ; risk ; salmonellosis ; swine ; transcriptional activation ; veterinary medicine ; virulence ; zoonoses
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-12
    Size p. 35.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1146298-x
    ISSN 1297-9716 ; 0928-4249
    ISSN (online) 1297-9716
    ISSN 0928-4249
    DOI 10.1186/s13567-022-01056-7
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: The Effect of Atopic Dermatitis and Diet on the Skin Transcriptome in Staffordshire Bull Terriers.

    Anturaniemi, Johanna / Zaldívar-López, Sara / Savelkoul, Huub F J / Elo, Kari / Hielm-Björkman, Anna

    Frontiers in veterinary science

    2020  Volume 7, Page(s) 552251

    Abstract: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) has a hereditary basis that is modified by interactions with the environment, including diet. Differentially expressed genes in non-lesional skin, determined by RNA sequencing before and after a dietary intervention, were ... ...

    Abstract Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) has a hereditary basis that is modified by interactions with the environment, including diet. Differentially expressed genes in non-lesional skin, determined by RNA sequencing before and after a dietary intervention, were compared between dogs with naturally occurring CAD (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2834243-4
    ISSN 2297-1769
    ISSN 2297-1769
    DOI 10.3389/fvets.2020.552251
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Owners’ perception of acquiring infections through raw pet food: a comprehensive internet‐based survey

    Anturaniemi, Johanna / Barrouin‐Melo, Stella Maria / Zaldivar‐López, Sara / Sinkko, Hanna / Hielm‐Björkman, Anna

    Veterinary record. 2019 Nov., v. 185, no. 21

    2019  

    Abstract: There has been concerns related to the risk of bacterial contamination from raw pet food to humans, but research is still scarce. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to use a worldwide internet survey‐based data to evaluate the impact of raw ... ...

    Abstract There has been concerns related to the risk of bacterial contamination from raw pet food to humans, but research is still scarce. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to use a worldwide internet survey‐based data to evaluate the impact of raw pet foods on human health from the owners’ experience. From 16 475 households, 0.2 per cent (n=39) reported having had a transmission of pathogen from the raw pet food to a human family member during the time that raw feeding had been used in the household. Only in three of those households the same pathogen that was found in the human sample was analysed and confirmed also in the raw pet food (0.02 per cent of all data). Moreover, 0.1 per cent (n=24) reported suspecting that a disease could have been transmitted to a human from the pet food. Feeding salmon and turkey, using more than 50 per cent of the diet as raw foods and preparing the raw food in the same place and utensils as the family foods all had negative association with infections. Having 2 to 6 year‐old children living in the household was associated with more infections, although adults were the most frequently infected.
    Keywords Internet ; bacterial contamination ; cross-sectional studies ; diet ; human health ; humans ; pathogens ; pet foods ; raw foods ; risk ; salmon ; surveys
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-11
    Size p. 658.
    Publishing place BMJ Publishing Group Limited
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 390015-0
    ISSN 2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
    ISSN (online) 2042-7670
    ISSN 0042-4900
    DOI 10.1136/vr.105122
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Owners' perception of acquiring infections through raw pet food: a comprehensive internet-based survey.

    Anturaniemi, Johanna / Barrouin-Melo, Stella Maria / Zaldivar-López, Sara / Sinkko, Hanna / Hielm-Björkman, Anna

    The Veterinary record

    2019  Volume 185, Issue 21, Page(s) 658

    Abstract: There has been concerns related to the risk of bacterial contamination from raw pet food to humans, but research is still scarce. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to use a worldwide internet survey-based data to evaluate the impact of raw ... ...

    Abstract There has been concerns related to the risk of bacterial contamination from raw pet food to humans, but research is still scarce. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to use a worldwide internet survey-based data to evaluate the impact of raw pet foods on human health from the owners' experience. From 16 475 households, 0.2 per cent (n=39) reported having had a transmission of pathogen from the raw pet food to a human family member during the time that raw feeding had been used in the household. Only in three of those households the same pathogen that was found in the human sample was analysed and confirmed also in the raw pet food (0.02 per cent of all data). Moreover, 0.1 per cent (n=24) reported suspecting that a disease could have been transmitted to a human from the pet food. Feeding salmon and turkey, using more than 50 per cent of the diet as raw foods and preparing the raw food in the same place and utensils as the family foods all had negative association with infections. Having 2 to 6 year-old children living in the household was associated with more infections, although adults were the most frequently infected.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animal Feed/adverse effects ; Animals ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infections/etiology ; Internet ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ownership ; Perception ; Raw Foods/adverse effects ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390015-0
    ISSN 2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
    ISSN (online) 2042-7670
    ISSN 0042-4900
    DOI 10.1136/vr.105122
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins involvement in inflammatory and profibrotic processes through IL11 signaling.

    López-Ayllón, Blanca D / de Lucas-Rius, Ana / Mendoza-García, Laura / García-García, Tránsito / Fernández-Rodríguez, Raúl / Suárez-Cárdenas, José M / Santos, Fátima Milhano / Corrales, Fernando / Redondo, Natalia / Pedrucci, Federica / Zaldívar-López, Sara / Jiménez-Marín, Ángeles / Garrido, Juan J / Montoya, María

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1220306

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, possesses eleven accessory proteins encoded in its genome. Their roles during infection are still not completely understood. In this study, transcriptomics analysis revealed that ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, possesses eleven accessory proteins encoded in its genome. Their roles during infection are still not completely understood. In this study, transcriptomics analysis revealed that both
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Interleukin-11 ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
    Chemical Substances Interleukin-11 ; Viral Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220306
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Impairment of antiviral immune response and disruption of cellular functions by SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a and ORF7b.

    García-García, Tránsito / Fernández-Rodríguez, Raúl / Redondo, Natalia / de Lucas-Rius, Ana / Zaldívar-López, Sara / López-Ayllón, Blanca Dies / Suárez-Cárdenas, José M / Jiménez-Marín, Ángeles / Montoya, María / Garrido, Juan J

    iScience

    2022  Volume 25, Issue 11, Page(s) 105444

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the present COVID-19 pandemic, possesses eleven accessory proteins encoded in its genome, and some have been implicated in facilitating infection and pathogenesis through their interaction with cellular components. ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the present COVID-19 pandemic, possesses eleven accessory proteins encoded in its genome, and some have been implicated in facilitating infection and pathogenesis through their interaction with cellular components. Among these proteins, accessory protein ORF7a and ORF7b functions are poorly understood. In this study, A549 cells were transduced to express ORF7a and ORF7b, respectively, to explore more in depth the role of each accessory protein in the pathological manifestation leading to COVID-19. Bioinformatic analysis and integration of transcriptome results identified defined canonical pathways and functional groupings revealing that after expression of ORF7a or ORF7b, the lung cells are potentially altered to create conditions more favorable for SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting the IFN-I response, increasing proinflammatory cytokines release, and altering cell metabolic activity and adhesion. Based on these results, it is plausible to suggest that ORF7a or ORF7b could be used as biomarkers of progression in this pandemic.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105444
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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