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  1. Article ; Online: Sex Differences in Foraging Rats to Naturalistic Aerial Predator Stimuli.

    Zambetti, Peter R / Schuessler, Bryan P / Kim, Jeansok J

    iScience

    2019  Volume 16, Page(s) 442–452

    Abstract: Rodents in the wild are under nearly constant threat of aerial predation and thus have evolved adaptive innate defensive behaviors, such as freezing or fleeing, in response to a perceived looming threat. Here we employed an ethologically relevant ... ...

    Abstract Rodents in the wild are under nearly constant threat of aerial predation and thus have evolved adaptive innate defensive behaviors, such as freezing or fleeing, in response to a perceived looming threat. Here we employed an ethologically relevant paradigm to study innate fear of aerial predators in male and female rats during a goal-oriented task. Rats foraging for food in a large arena encountered either a 2D or 3D looming stimulus, to which they instinctively fled back to a safe nest. When facing a direct aerial threat, female rats exhibited a greater fear response than males and this divergence maintained when exposed to the environment on subsequent days with no predator interaction, suggesting stronger contextual fear in female rats. These results may have relevance toward exploring neurobiological mechanisms associated with higher diagnosis rates of fear and anxiety-related disorders in women as compared with men.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Corrigendum: The Risky Closed Economy: A Holistic, Longitudinal Approach to Studying Fear and Anxiety in Rodents.

    Schuessler, Bryan P / Zambetti, Peter R / Fukuoka, Kisho M / Kim, Eun Joo / Kim, Jeansok J

    Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

    2021  Volume 15, Page(s) 684179

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.594568.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.594568.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2452960-6
    ISSN 1662-5153
    ISSN 1662-5153
    DOI 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.684179
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Ecological analysis of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats.

    Zambetti, Peter R / Schuessler, Bryan P / Lecamp, Bryce E / Shin, Andrew / Kim, Eun Joo / Kim, Jeansok J

    Communications biology

    2022  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 830

    Abstract: Pavlovian fear conditioning, which offers the advantage of simplicity in both the control of conditional and unconditional stimuli (CS, US) presentation and the analysis of specific conditional and unconditional responses (CR, UR) in a controlled ... ...

    Abstract Pavlovian fear conditioning, which offers the advantage of simplicity in both the control of conditional and unconditional stimuli (CS, US) presentation and the analysis of specific conditional and unconditional responses (CR, UR) in a controlled laboratory setting, has been the standard model in basic and translational fear research. Despite 100 years of experiments, the utility of fear conditioning has not been trans-situationally validated in real-life contexts. We thus investigated whether fear conditioning readily occurs and guides the animal's future behavior in an ecologically-relevant environment. To do so, Long-Evans rats foraging for food in an open arena were presented with a tone CS paired with electric shock US to their dorsal neck/body that instinctively elicited escape UR to the safe nest. On subsequent test days, the tone-shock paired animals failed to exhibit fear CR to the CS. In contrast, animals that encountered a realistic agent of danger (a looming artificial owl) paired with a shock, simulating a plausible predatory strike, instantly fled to the nest when presented with a tone for the first time. These results highlight the possibility of a nonassociative, rather than standard associative, fear process providing survival function in life-threatening situations that animals are likely to encounter in nature.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Fear/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2399-3642
    ISSN (online) 2399-3642
    DOI 10.1038/s42003-022-03802-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: The Risky Closed Economy: A Holistic, Longitudinal Approach to Studying Fear and Anxiety in Rodents.

    Schuessler, Bryan P / Zambetti, Peter R / Kukuoka, Kisho M / Kim, Eun Joo / Kim, Jeansok J

    Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

    2020  Volume 14, Page(s) 594568

    Abstract: Basic research of fear and anxiety in rodents has historically utilized a limited set of behavioral paradigms, for example, Pavlovian (classical) fear conditioning, the elevated plus-maze, or inhibitory (passive) avoidance. These traditional paradigms ... ...

    Abstract Basic research of fear and anxiety in rodents has historically utilized a limited set of behavioral paradigms, for example, Pavlovian (classical) fear conditioning, the elevated plus-maze, or inhibitory (passive) avoidance. These traditional paradigms measure a limited selection of variables over a short duration, providing only a "snapshot" of fear and anxiety-related behavior. Overreliance on these paradigms and such behavioral snapshots ultimately lead to a narrow understanding of these complex motivational states. Here, we elaborate on the closed economy; a seldom-used paradigm that has been modified to comprehensively study fear and anxiety-related behavior and neurocircuitry in rodents. In this modified "Risky Closed Economy (RCE)" paradigm, animals live nearly uninterrupted in behavioral chambers where the need to acquire food and water and avoid threat is integrated into the task. Briefly, animals are free to acquire all of their food and water in a designated foraging zone. An unsignaled, unpredictable threat (footshock) is introduced into the foraging zone after a baseline activity and consumption period to model the risk of predation, which is then removed for a final extinction assessment. This longitudinal design, wherein data from a multitude of variables are collected automatically and continuously for 23 h/day over several weeks to months, affords a more holistic understanding of the effects of fear and anxiety on day-to-day behavior. Also, we discuss its general benefits relevant to other topics in neuroscience research, its limitations, and present data demonstrating for the first time The Risky Closed Economy's viability in mice.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452960-6
    ISSN 1662-5153
    ISSN 1662-5153
    DOI 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.594568
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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