LIVIVO - Search results -

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 34

Search options

Article: Female ecologists are falling from the academic ladder: A call for action

Zandonà, Eugenia

Perspectives in ecology and conservation. 2022 Mar. 21,

2022

Abstract: In order to advance and to have new perspectives, science needs diversity. However, women are still underrepresented in various scientific areas, including ecology and conservation. A big gender gap still exists in academia, especially at the highest ... ...

Abstract	In order to advance and to have new perspectives, science needs diversity. However, women are still underrepresented in various scientific areas, including ecology and conservation. A big gender gap still exists in academia, especially at the highest positions. Here, I investigated gender bias in Brazilian post-graduate programs in Ecology at different hierarchical levels, as well as in project funding and scholarship application success. I found evidence of a scissors effect, where women were the majority among students (56%), while men were among Professors (64%). Furthermore, prestigious scholarship applications submitted by women had higher rejection rate. Female ecologists were only awarded 29% of funded projects and, per grant, received almost half the amount of funds per grant than their male peers. Brazil needs to pay more attention to gender disparities at the highest academic positions in science, and urgently apply measures to reduce them. Actions that support scientist mothers should be implemented, such as considering maternity leave during career evaluations. Increasing the visibility of women and celebrating publicly their achievements could stimulate young women to pursue a career in science and reduce the gender gap. Diversity improves our understanding of ecological phenomena and optimize the success of conservation practices.
Keywords	ecology ; females ; males ; scientists ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0321
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ISSN	2530-0644
DOI	10.1016/j.pecon.2022.04.001
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

Order via subito

This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article: Socioecological correlates of social play in adult mantled howler monkeys

Asensio, Norberto / Zandonà, Eugenia / Dunn, Jacob C. / Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi

Animal behaviour. 2022 Apr., v. 186

2022

Abstract: The study of animal play is highly complex since its potential functions vary with social and environmental circumstances. Although play is generally characteristic of immature animals, it may persist in adults in its social form, particularly when ... ...

Abstract	The study of animal play is highly complex since its potential functions vary with social and environmental circumstances. Although play is generally characteristic of immature animals, it may persist in adults in its social form, particularly when interacting with young individuals, and less often with other adult playmates. We measured the amount of social play in 62 wild adult howler monkeys, Alouatta palliata, belonging to seven different groups in Mexico and Costa Rica. Overall, adult play represented a small mean proportion of observation time across all groups, but it was present in all study groups. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that group size correlated with both adult–adult and adult–immature play, supporting the hypothesis that more individuals provide more play opportunities. While play between adults decreased with increases in the immature to adult ratio, we did not find a clear preference for adults to play with immatures, emphasizing the importance of playing with other adult peers. Conversely, adults played more with immatures as the immature to adult ratio increased, which may correspond with the role adult–immature play may have in the socialization process of young individuals. More time dedicated to foraging on fruits corresponded with more adult–adult play. This finding, aside from being associated with more energy being available to engage in play, supports the hypothesis that play is a mechanism for solving conflicts associated with contest competition by either reducing social tension and/or fighting for a limited resource. The range of factors affecting social play indicates that this behaviour in adult howler monkeys is facultative, having affiliative, socializing and competitive roles, depending on the socioecological context.
Keywords	Alouatta palliata ; adults ; animal behavior ; animals ; energy ; group size ; immatures ; Costa Rica ; Mexico
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 219-229.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	281-1
ISSN	0003-3472
ISSN	0003-3472
DOI	10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.01.017
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 71/741: Show issues

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article: Individual variation in feeding morphology, not diet, can facilitate the success of generalist species in urban ecosystems.

Marques, Piatã / Zandonà, Eugenia / Mazzoni, Rosana / El-Sabaawi, Rana

Ecology and evolution

2021 Volume 11, Issue 24, Page(s) 18342–18356

Abstract: Generalist species dominate urban ecosystems. The success of urban generalists is often related to a plastic diet and feeding traits that allow them to take advantage of a variety of food resources provided by humans in cities. The classification of a ... ...

Abstract	Generalist species dominate urban ecosystems. The success of urban generalists is often related to a plastic diet and feeding traits that allow them to take advantage of a variety of food resources provided by humans in cities. The classification of a species as a generalist is commonly based on mean estimates of diet- and feeding-related traits. However, there is increasing evidence that a generalist population can consist of individual specialists. In such cases, estimates based on mean can hide important individual variation that can explain trophic ecology and the success of urban dwellers. Here, we focus on guppies,
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.8425
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article ; Online: The 100,000 most influential scientists rank: the underrepresentation of Brazilian women in academia.

Oliveira, Leticia DE / Reichert, Fernanda / Zandonà, Eugenia / Soletti, Rossana C / Staniscuaski, Fernanda

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias

2021 Volume 93, Issue suppl 3, Page(s) e20201952

Abstract: Despite the progress observed in recent years, women are still underrepresented in science worldwide, especially at top positions. Many factors contribute to women progressively leaving academia at different stages of their career, including motherhood, ... ...

Abstract	Despite the progress observed in recent years, women are still underrepresented in science worldwide, especially at top positions. Many factors contribute to women progressively leaving academia at different stages of their career, including motherhood, harassment and conscious and unconscious discrimination. Implicit bias plays a major negative role in recognition, promotions and career advancement of female scientists. Recently, a rank of the most influential scientists in the world was created based on several metrics, including the number of published papers and citations. Here, we analyzed the representation of Brazilian scientists in this rank, focusing on gender. Female Brazilian scientists are greatly underrepresented in the rank (11% in the Top 100,000; 18% in the Top 2%). Possible reasons for this observed scenario are related to the metrics used to rank scientists, which reproduce and amplify the well-known implicit bias in peer-review and citations. Male scientists have more self-citation than female scientists and positions in the rank varied when self-citations were included, suggesting that self-citation by male scientists increases their visibility. Discussions on the repercussions of such ranks are pivotal to avoid deepening the gender gap in science.
MeSH term(s)	Brazil ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Publications
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-20
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2046885-4
ISSN	1678-2690 ; 0001-3765
ISSN (online)	1678-2690
ISSN	0001-3765
DOI	10.1590/0001-3765202120201952
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article ; Online: Body size has primacy over stoichiometric variables in nutrient excretion by a tropical stream fish community.

Oliveira-Cunha, Priscila / McIntyre, Peter B / Neres-Lima, Vinicius / Caliman, Adriano / Moreira-Ferreira, Beatriz / Zandonà, Eugenia

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 14844

Abstract: Ecological Stoichiometry (ES) and the Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) are the main theories used to explain consumers' nutrient recycling. ES posits that imbalances between an animal's body and its diet stoichiometry determine its nutrient excretion ... ...

Abstract	Ecological Stoichiometry (ES) and the Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) are the main theories used to explain consumers' nutrient recycling. ES posits that imbalances between an animal's body and its diet stoichiometry determine its nutrient excretion rates, whereas the MTE predicts that excretion reflects metabolic activity arising from body size and temperature. We measured nitrogen, phosphorus and N:P excretion, body N:P stoichiometry, body size, and temperature for 12 fish species from a Brazilian stream. We fitted competing models reflecting different combinations of ES (body N:P, armor classification, diet group) and MTE (body size, temperature) variables. Only body size predicted P excretion rates, while N excretion was predicted by body size and time of day. N:P excretion was not explained by any variable. There was no interspecific difference in size-scaling coefficients neither for N nor for P. Fitted size scaling coefficients were lower than the MTE prediction of 0.75 for N (0.58), and for P (0.56). We conclude that differences in nutrient excretion among species within a shared environment primarily reflect contrasts in metabolic rates arising from body size, rather than disparities between consumer and resource stoichiometry. Our findings support the MTE as the primary framework for predicting nutrient excretion rates.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Body Size ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nutrients ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Rivers
Chemical Substances	Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-19149-w
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article ; Online: It is not just a field on a form: maternity on the Sucupira Platform.

Staniscuaski, Fernanda / Zandona, Eugenia / Reichert, Fernanda / Soletti, Rossana C / Mello-Carpes, Pamela B / Wiggers, Giulia A / Schwartz, Ida V D / Werneck, Fernanda P / Ludwig, Zelia M C / Neumann, Adriana / Almeida, Camila Infanger / Oliveira, Leticia DE

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias

2023 Volume 95, Issue 2, Page(s) e20230135

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2046885-4
ISSN	1678-2690 ; 0001-3765
ISSN (online)	1678-2690
ISSN	0001-3765
DOI	10.1590/0001-3765202320230135
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article ; Online: Bias against parents in science hits women harder.

Staniscuaski, Fernanda / Machado, Arthur V / Soletti, Rossana C / Reichert, Fernanda / Zandonà, Eugenia / Mello-Carpes, Pamela B / Infanger, Camila / Ludwig, Zelia M C / de Oliveira, Leticia

Humanities & social sciences communications

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 201

Abstract: Worldwide, parenthood remains a major driver for the reduced participation of women in the job market, where discrimination stems from people's biases against mothers, based on stereotypes and misconceptions surrounding the vision of motherhood in our ... ...

Abstract	Worldwide, parenthood remains a major driver for the reduced participation of women in the job market, where discrimination stems from people's biases against mothers, based on stereotypes and misconceptions surrounding the vision of motherhood in our society. In academia, parenthood may be perceived as negatively affecting scientists' commitment and dedication, especially women's. We conducted a survey amongst Brazilian scientists and found that mothers self-reported a higher prevalence of negative bias in their workplace when compared to fathers. The perception of a negative bias was influenced by gender and career status, but not by race, scientific field or number of children. Regarding intersections, mothers with less than 15 years of hiring reported having suffered a higher rate of negative bias against themselves. We discuss implications of these results and suggest how this negative bias should be addressed in order to promote an equitable environment that does not harm women in science.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2662-9992
ISSN (online)	2662-9992
DOI	10.1057/s41599-023-01722-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article: Urbanization can increase the invasive potential of alien species

Santana Marques, Piatã / Resende Manna, Luisa / Clara Frauendorf, Therese / Zandonà, Eugenia / Mazzoni, Rosana / El‐Sabaawi, Rana

journal of animal ecology. 2020 Oct., v. 89, no. 10

2020

Abstract: Alien species often flourish and become invasive in urban ecosystems. How and why invaders succeed in urban systems is an important, yet poorly understood, question. We investigate whether the success of urban invaders is related to changes in species ... ...

Abstract	Alien species often flourish and become invasive in urban ecosystems. How and why invaders succeed in urban systems is an important, yet poorly understood, question. We investigate whether the success of urban invaders is related to changes in species traits that enhance invasive potential. We also explore whether a trophic mechanism helps explain the success of invaders in urban systems. We use the guppy Poecilia reticulata, a globally distributed alien species that has invaded both urban and non‐urban systems, as our model. We first characterize the effect of urbanization on streams where guppies are present. We measure guppy invasion success using their population density and size‐frequency. Then we assess how traits that are related to the potential of guppies to invade (life history and condition) respond to urbanization. Next, we explore how urbanization affects the availability of food for guppies and their diets. We also test if the presence of other fish species grants biological resistance to invasion by dampening guppy invasive potential. We find that urban streams have high concentrations of ammonium and faecal coliforms, indicating contamination from sewage. On average, guppy populations from urban streams have 26× higher density and larger body sizes than non‐urban populations. Urban guppies are in better condition and have on average five more offspring than non‐urban guppies. Urbanization increases the availability and consumption of highly nutritious food (chironomid larvae) by guppies. We find a positive relationship between the consumption of chironomids and both fecundity and condition. The presence of other fish species in urban streams often has a negative but small effect on guppy traits and density. Our data suggest a relaxation of trade‐offs that shape life‐history traits which is related to increased food resources in urban streams. These indicate that urbanization enhances the invasive potential of guppies through a trophic mechanism that simultaneously increases reproduction and somatic investment. Such mechanism is likely widespread because chironomids are often highly abundant in urban systems. Thus, not only guppies but also other invasive species can take advantage of such a resource to invest in traits that enhance invasion success.
Keywords	Chironomidae ; Poecilia reticulata ; ammonium ; animal ecology ; biological resistance ; colonizing ability ; fecundity ; fish ; introduced species ; invasive species ; life history ; models ; population density ; progeny ; sewage ; urbanization
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-10
Size	p. 2345-2355.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	3024-7
ISSN	1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
ISSN (online)	1365-2656
ISSN	0021-8790
DOI	10.1111/1365-2656.13293
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 72/708: Show issues
Z 2600: Show issues

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Urbanization can increase the invasive potential of alien species.

Santana Marques, Piatã / Resende Manna, Luisa / Clara Frauendorf, Therese / Zandonà, Eugenia / Mazzoni, Rosana / El-Sabaawi, Rana

The Journal of animal ecology

2020 Volume 89, Issue 10, Page(s) 2345–2355

Abstract	Alien species often flourish and become invasive in urban ecosystems. How and why invaders succeed in urban systems is an important, yet poorly understood, question. We investigate whether the success of urban invaders is related to changes in species traits that enhance invasive potential. We also explore whether a trophic mechanism helps explain the success of invaders in urban systems. We use the guppy Poecilia reticulata, a globally distributed alien species that has invaded both urban and non-urban systems, as our model. We first characterize the effect of urbanization on streams where guppies are present. We measure guppy invasion success using their population density and size-frequency. Then we assess how traits that are related to the potential of guppies to invade (life history and condition) respond to urbanization. Next, we explore how urbanization affects the availability of food for guppies and their diets. We also test if the presence of other fish species grants biological resistance to invasion by dampening guppy invasive potential. We find that urban streams have high concentrations of ammonium and faecal coliforms, indicating contamination from sewage. On average, guppy populations from urban streams have 26× higher density and larger body sizes than non-urban populations. Urban guppies are in better condition and have on average five more offspring than non-urban guppies. Urbanization increases the availability and consumption of highly nutritious food (chironomid larvae) by guppies. We find a positive relationship between the consumption of chironomids and both fecundity and condition. The presence of other fish species in urban streams often has a negative but small effect on guppy traits and density. Our data suggest a relaxation of trade-offs that shape life-history traits which is related to increased food resources in urban streams. These indicate that urbanization enhances the invasive potential of guppies through a trophic mechanism that simultaneously increases reproduction and somatic investment. Such mechanism is likely widespread because chironomids are often highly abundant in urban systems. Thus, not only guppies but also other invasive species can take advantage of such a resource to invest in traits that enhance invasion success.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Poecilia ; Rivers ; Urbanization
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3024-7
ISSN	1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
ISSN (online)	1365-2656
ISSN	0021-8790
DOI	10.1111/1365-2656.13293
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 72/708: Show issues
Z 2600: Show issues

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Contrasting Population and Diet Influences on Gut Length of an Omnivorous Tropical Fish, the Trinidadian Guppy (Poecilia reticulata).

Zandonà, Eugenia / Auer, Sonya K / Kilham, Susan S / Reznick, David N

PloS one

2015 Volume 10, Issue 9, Page(s) e0136079

Abstract: Phenotypic plasticity is advantageous for organisms that live in variable environments. The digestive system is particularly plastic, responding to changes in diet. Gut length is the result of a trade-off between maximum nutrient absorption and minimum ... ...

Abstract	Phenotypic plasticity is advantageous for organisms that live in variable environments. The digestive system is particularly plastic, responding to changes in diet. Gut length is the result of a trade-off between maximum nutrient absorption and minimum cost for its maintenance and it can be influenced by diet and by evolutionary history. We assessed variation in gut length of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) as a function of diet, season, ontogeny, and local adaptation. Populations of guppies adapted to different predation levels have evolved different life history traits and have different diets. We sampled guppies from sites with low (LP) and high predation (HP) pressure in the Aripo and Guanapo Rivers in Trinidad. We collected fish during both the dry and wet season and assessed their diet and gut length. During the dry season, guppies from HP sites fed mostly on invertebrates, while guppies in the LP sites fed mainly on detritus. During the wet season, the diet of LP and HP populations became very similar. We did not find strong evidence of an ontogenetic diet shift. Gut length was negatively correlated with the proportion of invertebrates in diet across fish from all sites, supporting the hypothesis that guppy digestive systems adapt in length to changes in diet. Population of origin also had an effect on gut length, as HP and LP fish maintained different gut lengths even in the wet season, when their diets were very similar and individuals in both types of populations fed mostly on detritus. Thus, both environment and population of origin influenced guppies gut length, but population of origin seemed to have a stronger effect. Our study also showed that, even in omnivorous fish, gut length adapted to different diets, being more evident when the magnitude of difference between animal and plant material in the diet was very large.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Diet ; Gastrointestinal Tract/anatomy & histology ; Phenotype ; Poecilia/anatomy & histology ; Poecilia/physiology ; Seasons
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0136079
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

To top

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito