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Article ; Online: Two protocols using fluralaner for Rhipicephalus microplus strategic control on taurine cattle in a tropical region.

de Aquino, Lidia Mendes / Zapa, Dina Maria Beltran / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / Strydom, Tom / Torres, Siddhartha / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / Barufi, Francisco / de Amaral, Heitor Oliveira Arriero / de Borges, Fernando de Almeida / Gallina, Tiago / de Mendonça, Rafael Paranhos / Soares, Vando Edésio / Monteiro, Caio Marcio Oliveira / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Parasites & vectors

2024 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 15

Abstract: Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different treatment strategies using a new commercial formulation containing pour-on fluralaner on Rhipicephalus microplus infestation in cattle and in pastures in a tropical climate region ... ...

Abstract	Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different treatment strategies using a new commercial formulation containing pour-on fluralaner on Rhipicephalus microplus infestation in cattle and in pastures in a tropical climate region where up to five generations of this tick species can occur per year. Methods: Forty-five naturally infested cattle were divided into three experimental groups: T01, treated with fluralaner (2.5 mg/kg) pour-on every 42 days; T02, the cattle received the first treatment with fluralaner on Day 0 but the next treatment involved a weekly visual evaluation; T03, control, received palliative treatment with a spray formulation when the group mean was ≥ 30 ticks. Counts of female R. microplus were performed weekly until day 343, and larval counts on pasture were performed on Days 0, 30, and 60 and every 30 days until Day 330. Results: Using fluralaner, six applications were performed in Group T01, and four were performed in Group T02. In the control group (T03), it was necessary to perform eight palliative acaricide treatments with the spray formulation. The animals in T01 and T02 showed lower mean tick counts (p ≤ 0.05) than the control group (T03) on 28 and 27 of the 49 evaluated dates, respectively. In the paddock where the animals were kept as controls, the R. microplus larvae counts increased to 1458. In the paddocks where the animals were treated with fluralaner, the number was ≤ 19 per paddock during the study. Conclusions: The different strategic treatment protocols performed with pour-on fluralaner (2.5 mg/kg) over a year in taurine cattle in a tropical region with a history of up to five annual generations of cattle ticks were effective, maintaining levels of R. microplus infestations in animals and in pastures close to zero in most of the study. Depending on the retreatment criterion adopted, the number of applications per year may be lower, resulting in a reduction in the mean cost of acaricide treatment per year and lower exposure of R. microplus populations to the active ingredient, resulting in lower resistance and selection pressure.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Cattle ; Rhipicephalus ; Acaricides ; Isoxazoles/therapeutic use ; Larva
Chemical Substances	A1443 compound ; Acaricides ; Isoxazoles
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-023-06107-2
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Article ; Online: Anaplasmosis outbreaks in taurine and zebu cattle in Brazil: causes, treatments, and Anaplasma marginale genetic diversity.

Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / Cavalcante, Alliny Souza de Assis / de Moraes, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa / Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / Zapa, Dina Maria Beltrán / Paula, Warley Vieira de Freitas / Sales, Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva / Lima, Eduardo / Scarpa, Alexandre Braga / de Lemos, Ricardo Antônio Amaral / de Almeida Borges, Fernando / Zambrano, José / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / da Silva Krawczak, Felipe / Dantas-Torres, Filipe / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Tropical animal health and production

2024 Volume 56, Issue 4, Page(s) 154

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate seven outbreaks of A. marginale infection in two regions of Brazil, affecting taurine, zebu, and crossbred cattle. We assessed the possible causes, treatment measures, and genetic diversity of A. marginale. These outbreaks ...

Abstract	This study aimed to investigate seven outbreaks of A. marginale infection in two regions of Brazil, affecting taurine, zebu, and crossbred cattle. We assessed the possible causes, treatment measures, and genetic diversity of A. marginale. These outbreaks occurred in two states (Goiás: outbreaks 1-7; Mato Grosso do Sul: outbreak 3), breeds (Holstein, Nellore, and crossbreed), age groups (beef cattle: 18-25 days old and 7-8 months; dairy cattle: 18-25 days old, 13-14 months, and cow after the first birth) and rearing systems (feedlot, pasture, pen in a wood shaving bedding system and compost bedded-pack barns). Metaphylactic or prophylactic treatments varied according to outbreak (imidocarb dipropionate: outbreaks 1-4 and 6; enrofloxacin: outbreaks 5 and 7; diminazene diaceturate: outbreak 5). In outbreaks 6 and 7, the packed cell volume was monitored. In all outbreaks, the practice of needle/syringe sharing was discontinued. For outbreaks 1-3, clinical signs and mortality (range, 4.8-13.3%) occurred 36-45 days after entry into the feedlot. In outbreak 4, A. marginale was diagnosed in 66.2% of the calves (bacteremia, 0-4.5%), with a mortality of 8.6%. Among nursing calves aged 60 days during outbreak 5, 53.8% were infected with A. marginale, with average bacteremia of 2.7% (range, 0-21.3%), and a mortality of 13.8%. In dairy heifers aged 14 months, raised in paddocks lacking vegetation cover and infested with R. microplus, then transitioned to a rotational grazing system also infested with R. microplus, the A. marginale bacteremia ranged from 3.2 to 6.7%, with a mortality of 20%. Before monitoring during outbreak 7, the mortality was 17.9%, but no further deaths were observed after monitoring initiation. In conclusion, possible causes triggering the outbreaks included primary tick infestation, needle/syringe sharing, and stress factors which may have affected the immunological statues of animals in the feedlots. Control measures performed in all outbreaks were effective. The partial msp4 gene sequences of A. marginale generated herein belonged to two haplotypes, but further research would be needed to investigate if this finding has any clinical significance.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Cattle ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Anaplasmosis/epidemiology ; Anaplasmosis/microbiology ; Anaplasma marginale/genetics ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Cattle Diseases/microbiology ; Genetic Variation ; Female ; Animal Husbandry/methods ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603363-5
ISSN	1573-7438 ; 0049-4747
ISSN (online)	1573-7438
ISSN	0049-4747
DOI	10.1007/s11250-024-03957-5
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by Stomoxys calcitrans in a region without a cyclic vector.

Heller, Luciana Maffini / Bastos, Thiago de Souza Azeredo / Zapa, Dina María Beltrán / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Neves, Lucianne Cardoso / de Freitas Paula, Warley Vieira / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Barros, Antonio Thadeu Medeiros / Cançado, Paulo Henrique Duarte / Machado, Rosangela Zacarias / Soares, Vando Edésio / Cadioli, Fabiano Antonio / da Silva Krawczak, Felipe / Zanetti Lopes, Welber Daniel

Parasitology research

2024 Volume 123, Issue 1, Page(s) 96

Abstract: This work investigated the mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by Stomoxys calcitrans to cattle in a region without a cyclic vector. The study involved two experiments, one with calves experimentally infected with T. vivax, in the acute phase of ...

Abstract	This work investigated the mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by Stomoxys calcitrans to cattle in a region without a cyclic vector. The study involved two experiments, one with calves experimentally infected with T. vivax, in the acute phase of trypanosomosis (Experiment 1) and the other in the chronic phase (Experiment 2). In both experiments, two transmission methods were used with flies that had not fed for 24 h or had never fed: (i) Method 1: flies released freely in cattle pens (≈3,300 flies/pen for 10 days); and (ii) Method 2: flies placed in a feeding chamber (12 flies/animal). To develop Method 1 in the two experiments (acute and chronic phases), T. vivax-positive animals were kept with T. vivax-negative animals. Periodically, the Brener method, Woo method, blood smears, cPCR, ELISA, IFAT, and Imunoteste® were performed to detect T. vivax in the animals. We also recorded the animals' head tossing and hoof stomping and the number of flies near the pens' inner walls. Subsequently, biological testing was performed using lambs. For Method 2 in both experiments, flies inside the feeding chamber first fed on T. vivax-positive animals and later on negative animals. In both experiments and methods, we examined the flies for the presence of T. vivax through blood smears and cPCR of the proboscis and abdomen. In Experiment 2 (chronic phase), a test was conducted to determine how long trypomastigotes forms could survive on the blood of animals with different levels of parasitemia. None of the animals (calves and lambs) became infected with T. vivax or showed antibodies against it. During the evaluation period, the animals in the presence of the flies exhibited more hoof stomping and head tossing compared to those without flies (control). Additionally, there was an increase in the number of flies in the pens during the experiment. Only in Experiment 1 (acute phase) were T. vivax trypomastigotes and DNA found in the abdomen of the flies but not in the proboscis. In Experiment 2 (chronic phase), higher concentrations of trypomastigotes per milliliter of blood were associated with a shorter the lifespan of this stage of the parasite. In conclusion, under the variable conditions of the experiments (hosts, number of flies, and level of parasitemia), S. calcitrans was unable to mechanically transmit T. vivax to cattle.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Sheep ; Cattle ; Muscidae ; Trypanosoma vivax ; Parasitemia ; Sheep, Domestic ; Antibodies
Chemical Substances	Antibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-023-08102-z
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Article: Long-term efficacy of toltrazuril in naïve calves prophylactically treated and experimentally infected with Eimeria spp

Zapa, Dina María Beltrán / Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / Iuasse, Hariye Victória / Naves, Raphaela Barbosa / Trindade, Artur Siqueira Nunes / De Aquino, Lídia Mendes / Soares, Vando Edesio / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Parasitology research. 2022 Sept., v. 121, no. 9

2022

Abstract: Eimeria are ubiquitous parasites and eimeriosis treatment is based on coccidiostats or coccidicides used prophylactically, metaphylactically, or therapeutically. The long-term efficacy of toltrazuril (TZR, 15 mg/kg) against experimentally infected naïve ... ...

Abstract	Eimeria are ubiquitous parasites and eimeriosis treatment is based on coccidiostats or coccidicides used prophylactically, metaphylactically, or therapeutically. The long-term efficacy of toltrazuril (TZR, 15 mg/kg) against experimentally infected naïve calves was investigated. Seven groups (six treated and one control) of six animals each were formed. Animals of each group received a single TZR prophylactic oral treatment on days − 42, − 35, − 28, − 21, − 14, and − 7 before the challenge with infectious sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. (100,000 oocysts: 59.5% E. zuernii, 38.1% E. bovis, 1.2%, E. alabamensis, and 1.2% E. ellipsoidalis). The long-term efficacy was assessed based on Eimeria spp. oocyst excretion by fecal oocyst counts. Three calves from the control group presented diarrhea with blood, which was not observed in animals belonging to the treatment groups. The TZR achieved efficacy greater than 95.0% up to 14 and 7 days. This formulation showed efficacy above 95% for 7 to 14 days, between 82 and 84% for 21 to 28 days and between 50 and 64% for 35 to 42 days.
Keywords	blood ; coccidiosis ; coccidiostats ; diarrhea ; excretion ; oocysts ; oral administration ; parasitology ; research ; toltrazuril
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 2571-2578.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-022-07601-9
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Article ; Online: Effect of a preventive strategic control program, with imidocarb dipropionate, against tick fever agents in dairy calves.

Alves, Histefania Costa / Afonso, Pedro Henrique Amancio / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Leal, Luccas Lourenzo Lima Lins / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Aquino, Lídia Mendes / Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / Zapa, Dina Maria Beltran / Cruz, Breno Cayeiro / Soares, Vando Edésio / Monteiro, Caio Marcio de Oliveira / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Tropical animal health and production

2023 Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 315

Abstract: Chemoprophylaxis with dipropionate imidocarb (IMD) is a method adopted to prevent cattle tick fever (TF). Sixty weaned dairy heifers (±60 days old), without previous exposure to Rhipicephalus microplus ticks, were housed in Tifton paddocks and were ... ...

Abstract	Chemoprophylaxis with dipropionate imidocarb (IMD) is a method adopted to prevent cattle tick fever (TF). Sixty weaned dairy heifers (±60 days old), without previous exposure to Rhipicephalus microplus ticks, were housed in Tifton paddocks and were subsequently exposed to R. microplus ticks and monitored up to 315 days old. Thirty animals were kept as controls (T01) and 30 received five preventive strategic treatments with IMD at 21-day intervals (T02). The heifers were monitored weekly by means of packed cell volume (PCV) and blood smears to evaluate the presence of TF agents. Salvage treatments (ST) with diminazene and enrofloxacin were administered when animals showed PCV ≤ 24%. The A. marginale prevalence was 39.3% and 37.7%, B. bovis 6.0%, and 7.3%, and B. bigemina 16.3% and 13.7% for T01 and T02, respectively. Regarding PCV values, group T01 showed lower PCV than group T02, between 119 and 161 days of life, but when animals were 196, 210, 217, and between 252 to 301 days old, an inversion occurred. The IMD treatment protocol was effective in group T02 from day 91 to 175 while treatment was being administered, but from day 182 to 315 after the IMD treatment protocol was completed, the number of salvage treatments against TF agents performed in T02 group increased significantly. The sequential application of IMD treatments with intervals less than 21 days is not recommended.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; Imidocarb ; Anaplasmosis ; Babesiosis ; Diminazene ; Cattle Diseases/drug therapy ; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	imidocarb dipropionate (ZSM1M03SHC) ; Imidocarb (8USS3K0VDH) ; Diminazene (Y5G36EEA5Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603363-5
ISSN	1573-7438 ; 0049-4747
ISSN (online)	1573-7438
ISSN	0049-4747
DOI	10.1007/s11250-023-03709-x
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Article ; Online: Long-term efficacy of toltrazuril in naïve calves prophylactically treated and experimentally infected with Eimeria spp.

Parasitology research

2022 Volume 121, Issue 9, Page(s) 2571–2578

Abstract	Eimeria are ubiquitous parasites and eimeriosis treatment is based on coccidiostats or coccidicides used prophylactically, metaphylactically, or therapeutically. The long-term efficacy of toltrazuril (TZR, 15 mg/kg) against experimentally infected naïve calves was investigated. Seven groups (six treated and one control) of six animals each were formed. Animals of each group received a single TZR prophylactic oral treatment on days - 42, - 35, - 28, - 21, - 14, and - 7 before the challenge with infectious sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. (100,000 oocysts: 59.5% E. zuernii, 38.1% E. bovis, 1.2%, E. alabamensis, and 1.2% E. ellipsoidalis). The long-term efficacy was assessed based on Eimeria spp. oocyst excretion by fecal oocyst counts. Three calves from the control group presented diarrhea with blood, which was not observed in animals belonging to the treatment groups. The TZR achieved efficacy greater than 95.0% up to 14 and 7 days. This formulation showed efficacy above 95% for 7 to 14 days, between 82 and 84% for 21 to 28 days and between 50 and 64% for 35 to 42 days.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/drug therapy ; Cattle Diseases/parasitology ; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control ; Coccidiosis/drug therapy ; Coccidiosis/prevention & control ; Coccidiosis/veterinary ; Coccidiostats/therapeutic use ; Eimeria ; Feces/parasitology ; Oocysts ; Triazines
Chemical Substances	Coccidiostats ; Triazines ; toltrazuril (QVZ3IAR3JS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-27
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-022-07601-9
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Article ; Online: Cattle tick and gastrointestinal nematodes strategic control in dairy 31/32 Gyr x Holstein and beef ½ Brangus: is the same way?

Trindade, Artur Siqueira Nunes / Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / Zapa, Dina María Beltrán / de Aquino, Lídia Mendes / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / Ruivo, Maycon Araújo / Scarpa, Alexandre Braga / Neto, Octaviano Pereira / Soares, Vando Edésio / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Livestock Science. 2023 Feb., v. 268 p.105154-

2023

Abstract: Cattle ticks and gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a major concern in cattle rearing. Strategic treatments with chemical products are used to curb these infestations and infections. There are several studies on the population dynamics and strategic ... ...

Abstract	Cattle ticks and gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a major concern in cattle rearing. Strategic treatments with chemical products are used to curb these infestations and infections. There are several studies on the population dynamics and strategic control of these parasites; however, none considered the genetic proportion of dairy cattle (Bos taurus taurus) and beef cattle (crossbred) to establish and understand the best strategy to control these parasites. To establish and understand the best strategy to control these parasites, we evaluated strategic treatment schemes against cattle ticks and GINs in dairy (Bos taurus taurus-Gyr × Holstein, ³¹/₃₂) and beef (crossbred-¹/₂ Nellore × ¹/₂ Angus) cattle with different genetics. To determine whether the adopted strategic control scheme was sufficient to maintain a low level of infestation or infection of cattle ticks and GINs in animals, a group of dairy and crossbred beef cattle received chemical treatment only as a palliative treatment. Concomitantly, the productive and reproductive data of the animals were evaluated. The results showed that the level of challenge by ticks was different in crossbred beef (½ Nellore × ½ Angus) and dairy (Gyr × Holstein ³¹/₃₂) cattle, and it was necessary to adopt different protocols for strategic or palliative treatments in these animals. Eight palliative treatments against Rhipicephalus microplus for over 12 months were necessary for dairy cattle, while only one was necessary for crossbred beef cattle. Thus, a more suppressive strategic protocol should be established in dairy cattle for monitoring the tick burden because new treatments may be necessary depending on the situation. In contrast, in crossbred beef cattle, an endectocide could be used after weaning, and other treatments must be conditioned to the presence of ticks in cattle. Further, prolonged periods without chemical treatment can increase the proportion of GINs, such as Haemonchus spp., compared to Cooperia spp. in these animals. Therefore, two to three treatments per year, depending on the anthelmintic used, are recommended for dairy and beef cattle. In both dairy and beef cattle, the strategic treatments showed better weight gain at the end of the study, resulting in greater productivity and return on investment (ROI), in crossbred beef cattle. Reproductive parameters were numerically similar in dairy females subjected to different treatment regimens.
Keywords	Angus ; Brangus ; Cooperia ; Haemonchus ; Holstein ; Nellore ; Rhipicephalus microplus ; anthelmintics ; beef ; beef cattle ; chemical treatment ; crossbreds ; dairy cattle ; gastrointestinal nematodes ; genetics ; population dynamics ; ticks ; weight gain ; acaricide ; endectocide ; return on investment ; worms
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2226176-X
ISSN	1878-0490 ; 1871-1413
ISSN (online)	1878-0490
ISSN	1871-1413
DOI	10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105154
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Article ; Online: Toltrazuril + fenbendazole for cattle: Pharmacokinetics and efficacy against Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes.

Zapa, Dina Maria Beltrán / Heller, Luciana Maffini / de Aquino, Lídia Mendes / Couto, Luiz Felipe Monteiro / Gomes, Lucas Vinicius Costa / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / Vettorato, Luis Fernando / Barufi, Francisco / de Oliveira Arriero Amaral, Heitor / Chiummo, Rafael Marin / Sonada, Rafael Bazaglia / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / Sakamoto, Claudio Alessandro M / Soares, Vando Edésio / da Costa, Alvimar José / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

2023 Volume 47, Page(s) 100968

Abstract: The present work evaluated the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the association of 15cmg/kg toltrazuril +5cmg/kg fenbendazole against Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in calves of different regions of Brazil (Center-West, Southeast, and ...

Abstract	The present work evaluated the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the association of 15cmg/kg toltrazuril +5cmg/kg fenbendazole against Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in calves of different regions of Brazil (Center-West, Southeast, and South). A total of seven experiments were carried out, five of which determined formulation efficacy against Eimeria spp., considering the following aspects: therapeutic, preventive, metaphylactic, and residual efficacy. Therapeutic efficacy experiments for GINs were carried out by parasitological necropsy. The toltrazuril + fenbendazole association demonstrated ≥95% efficacy against Eimeria spp. for 21 days post-treatment (DPT). When used preventively and metaphylatically, the same association demonstrated ≥97% efficacy against E. zuernii, E. ellipsoidalis, E. cylindrica, E. bovis, E. wyomingensis and E. auburnensis. Toltrazuril + fenbendazole administered seven days before challenge was 100% effective against all these Eimeria species. Results of therapeutic, preventive, metaphylactic and residual efficacies can be related to the pharmacokinetic results, especially considering toltrazuril sulfone, which was detected in animal plasma for a longer period than the parent compound. Toltrazuril + fenbendazole achieved 100% anthelminthic efficacy against the GINs Haemonchus placei (L4), Cooperia pectinata and Oesophagostomum radiatum; 99.94% against adult H. placei; and 99.98% against C. puntacta. The association of toltrazuril + fenbendazole, associated with other measures, is an important and suitable tool for the control and treatment of Eimeria spp. and GINs in young cattle.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Fenbendazole/therapeutic use ; Triazines/therapeutic use ; Haemonchus ; Eimeria
Chemical Substances	Fenbendazole (621BVT9M36) ; toltrazuril (QVZ3IAR3JS) ; Triazines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-9390
ISSN (online)	2405-9390
DOI	10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100968
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Article ; Online: Influence of the acaricide emulsion pH on the effectiveness of spray products to control the cattle tick: laboratory and field investigations.

Nicaretta, João Eduardo / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Cavalcante, Alliny Souza de Assis / Zapa, Dina María Beltrán / Heller, Luciana Maffini / Trindade, Artur Siqueira Nunes / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / da Silva, Francisca Letícia Vale / de Aquino, Lídia Mendes / Couto, Luiz Felipe Monteiro / Soares, Vando Edésio / Monteiro, Caio Márcio Oliveira / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Parasitology research

2023 Volume 122, Issue 10, Page(s) 2267–2278

Abstract: The current work evaluated the efficacy of 10 commercial acaricides in different pHs (4.5, 5.5, and 6.5) in laboratory (adult immersion tests (AIT), pH evaluation over time) and field assays (tick counts and efficacy). In the AIT (n=70), higher ... ...

Abstract	The current work evaluated the efficacy of 10 commercial acaricides in different pHs (4.5, 5.5, and 6.5) in laboratory (adult immersion tests (AIT), pH evaluation over time) and field assays (tick counts and efficacy). In the AIT (n=70), higher efficacies were obtained when the acaricide emulsion had a more acidic pH (4.5), mainly for two combinations of pyrethroids + organophosphate (acaricide 3 and acaricide 9). For amidine, a higher pH (6.5) showed a higher efficacy. Over time, there was a trend in the pH of these emulsions increasing. When the efficacy of chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin + piperonyl butoxide (acaricide 3) at different pHs was evaluated over time (0, 6, 12, and 24h) by AIT, the less acidic pH (6.5) showed a strongly variation in the acaricide efficacy range. The mean pH of the water samples from different regions of Brazil was 6.5. In the field, the association of pyrethroid + organophosphates (acaricide 9) with pH of 4.5 and 5.5 were more effective in tick control than the emulsion prepared with this same spray formulation at pH 6.5. The pH of the acaricide emulsions is an important point of attention and is recommended that the veterinary industry start to develop/share information regarding how the pH can affect the acaricide efficacy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Acaricides/chemistry ; Acaricides/pharmacology ; Emulsions ; Tick Control/methods ; Pyrethrins/chemistry ; Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; Organophosphates/chemistry ; Organophosphates/pharmacology ; Rhipicephalus/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Acaricides ; Emulsions ; Pyrethrins ; Organophosphates
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-023-07927-y
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Article ; Online: Presence of Trypanosoma vivax DNA in cattle semen and reproductive tissues and related changes in sperm parameters.

Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / Zapa, Dina María Beltrán / de Moura, Maria Ivete / Costa, Gustavo Lage / de Assis Cavalcante, Alliny Souza / Ribeiro, Nathalia Braz / Bastos, Thiago Souza Azeredo / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / Soares, Vando Edésio / Lino de Souza, Guilherme Rocha / Cadioli, Fabiano Antônio / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Veterinary parasitology

2022 Volume 309, Page(s) 109761

Abstract: The present work investigated the presence of Trypanosoma vivax in semen and reproductive tissues of experimentally infected cattle and evaluated changes in seminal parameters. Two groups of cattle were established: T01 - experimentally infected with T. ... ...

Abstract	The present work investigated the presence of Trypanosoma vivax in semen and reproductive tissues of experimentally infected cattle and evaluated changes in seminal parameters. Two groups of cattle were established: T01 - experimentally infected with T. vivax (n = 8) and T02 - not experimentally infected with T. vivax (n = 8). After infection, blood (every seven days until 182 days post-infection - DPI), semen (7, 14, 35, 56, 70, 120 and 182 DPI) and reproductive tissue (after euthanasia, 182 DPI) were collected to search for T. vivax using different techniques, including PCR, Woo and Brener. Seminal parameters, including turbulence, motility, concentration, and vigor, were also analyzed. Packed cell volume (PCV) of the animals was determined weekly and weight gain was calculated. The PCR revealed T. vivax DNA in 7/56 semen samples of post-infection T01 cattle. Trypanosoma vivax DNA was detected in the semen of 5/8 animals at 7, 14, 56, 70 and 120 DPI, in the testis of four, and in the epididymis and fat located around the testis of two others. Trypomastigote forms of T. vivax were not found in any semen sample. Sperm of T01 cattle had lower turbulence (p ≤ 0.05) at 7, 14, 35, 56, 120 and 182 DPI, lower vigor (p ≤ 0.05) at 120 DPI and more sperm abnormalities (p ≤ 0.05) than T02. Digital dermatitis was observed among T01 cattle. Animals of T01 had lower PCV values than did those of T02 for most of the evaluations performed and T02 animals gained more weight during the experiment. The results highlight the presence of T. vivax DNA in semen of infected cattle and the importance of this disease for male breeding cattle. Further research is needed to determine whether T. vivax can be sexually transmitted in cattle.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; DNA ; Hematocrit/veterinary ; Male ; Semen ; Spermatozoa ; Trypanosoma vivax/genetics ; Trypanosomiasis, African/veterinary
Chemical Substances	DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196831-2
ISSN	1873-2550 ; 0304-4017
ISSN (online)	1873-2550
ISSN	0304-4017
DOI	10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109761
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