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  1. Article: Endovascular release of an Adams-DeWeese clip and iliocaval reconstruction for debilitating lower extremity swelling.

    Sung, Eric / Ramirez, Joel L / Zarkowsky, Devin

    Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 101445

    Abstract: More than 10 million cases of venous thromboembolisms are reported on an annual basis and are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Studies have found that ≤90% of pulmonary embolisms originate from the abdominal and lower extremity veins. The ... ...

    Abstract More than 10 million cases of venous thromboembolisms are reported on an annual basis and are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Studies have found that ≤90% of pulmonary embolisms originate from the abdominal and lower extremity veins. The mainstay of venous thromboembolism treatment has been, and still continues to be, anticoagulation. However, for patients for whom anticoagulation is contraindicated or has failed, physicians have turned to surgical innovations such as inferior vena cava (IVC) filters to create partial interruption of the IVC. Before the invention of IVC filters, the Adams-DeWeese clip was developed to create caval interruption, which allowed for venous return while preventing pulmonary emboli from distal veins. We report a case of endovascular release of a long-term Adams-DeWeese clip, which had caused IVC occlusion and debilitating bilateral lower extremity swelling.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2468-4287
    ISSN 2468-4287
    DOI 10.1016/j.jvscit.2024.101445
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Artificial intelligence's role in vascular surgery decision-making.

    Zarkowsky, Devin S / Stonko, David P

    Seminars in vascular surgery

    2021  Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 260–267

    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the next great advance informing medical science. Several disciplines, including vascular surgery, use AI-based decision-making tools to improve clinical performance. Although applied widely, AI functions best when ... ...

    Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is the next great advance informing medical science. Several disciplines, including vascular surgery, use AI-based decision-making tools to improve clinical performance. Although applied widely, AI functions best when confronted with voluminous, accurate data. Consistent, predictable analytic technique selection also challenges researchers. This article contextualizes AI analyses within evidence-based medicine, focusing on "big data" and health services research, as well as discussing opportunities to improve data collection and realize AI's promise.
    MeSH term(s) Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Vascular Surgical Procedures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645131-7
    ISSN 1558-4518 ; 0895-7967
    ISSN (online) 1558-4518
    ISSN 0895-7967
    DOI 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2021.10.005
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  3. Article: Spontaneous carotid blowout of the common carotid artery in a chronically immunosuppressed transplant patient.

    Hakimi, Ali / Stuart, Christina / Zarkowsky, Devin / Clay, Michael R / Yi, Jeniann

    Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) 715–718

    Abstract: Carotid blowout (CB) is a life-threatening surgical emergency with a mortality rate of up to 60%. CB is commonly seen in head and neck cancer patients after surgical and radiation therapy; other causes include iatrogenic, traumatic, or infectious ... ...

    Abstract Carotid blowout (CB) is a life-threatening surgical emergency with a mortality rate of up to 60%. CB is commonly seen in head and neck cancer patients after surgical and radiation therapy; other causes include iatrogenic, traumatic, or infectious etiologies. We report an unusual case of spontaneous CB presumed to be caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) in a chronically immunosuppressed transplant recipient. Given the significant mortality of CB and the prevalence of post-transplant CMV, this case highlights an area of further investigation regarding the association between CMV and carotid pathology, as well as the need to include CB as a potential infectious complication in the immunosuppressed population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2468-4287
    ISSN 2468-4287
    DOI 10.1016/j.jvscit.2022.10.005
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  4. Article ; Online: Socioeconomic status fails to account for worse outcomes in non-Hispanic black patients undergoing carotid revascularization.

    Bose, Sanuja / McDermott, Katie M / Keegan, Alana / Black, James H / Drudi, Laura M / Lum, Ying-Wei / Zarkowsky, Devin S / Hicks, Caitlin W

    Journal of vascular surgery

    2023  Volume 78, Issue 5, Page(s) 1248–1259.e1

    Abstract: Objective: Previous studies have reported an association of Black race with worse carotid revascularization outcomes, but rarely include socioeconomic status as a confounding covariate. We aimed to assess the association of race and ethnicity with in- ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Previous studies have reported an association of Black race with worse carotid revascularization outcomes, but rarely include socioeconomic status as a confounding covariate. We aimed to assess the association of race and ethnicity with in-hospital and long-term outcomes following carotid revascularization before and after accounting for socioeconomic status.
    Methods: We identified non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic white patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy, transfemoral carotid stenting, or transcarotid artery revascularization between 2003 and 2022 in the Vascular Quality Initiative. Primary outcomes were in-hospital stroke/death and long-term stroke/death. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of race with perioperative and long-term outcomes after adjusting for baseline characteristics using a sequential model approach without and with consideration of Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a validated composite marker of socioeconomic status.
    Results: Of 201,395 patients, 5.1% (n = 10,195) were non-Hispanic Black, and 94.9% (n = 191,200) were non-Hispanic white. Mean follow-up time was 3.4±0.01 years. A disproportionately high percentage of Black patients were living in more socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods relative to their white counterparts (67.5% vs 54.2%; P < .001). After adjusting for demographic, comorbidity, and disease characteristics, Black race was associated with greater odds of in-hospital (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.40) and long-term stroke/death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.23). These associations did not substantially change after additionally adjusting for ADI; Black race was persistently associated with greater odds of in-hospital (aOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.39) and long-term stroke/death (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.21). Patients living in the most deprived neighborhoods were at greater risk of long-term stroke/death compared with patients living in the least deprived neighborhoods (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.35).
    Conclusions: Non-Hispanic Black race is associated with worse in-hospital and long-term outcomes following carotid revascularization despite accounting for neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation. There appears to be unrecognized gaps in care that prevent Black patients from experiencing equitable outcomes following carotid artery revascularization.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carotid Stenosis/surgery ; Endarterectomy, Carotid/adverse effects ; Stroke/etiology ; Social Class ; Carotid Arteries ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 605700-7
    ISSN 1097-6809 ; 0741-5214
    ISSN (online) 1097-6809
    ISSN 0741-5214
    DOI 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.06.103
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  5. Article ; Online: Proximal Instructions for Use Violations in Elective Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in the Vascular Quality Initiative: Retrospective Analysis.

    Ramirez, Joel L / Govsyeyev, Nicholas / Sorber, Rebecca / Iannuzzi, James C / Schanzer, Andres S / Hicks, Caitlin W / Malas, Mahmoud B / Zarkowsky, Devin S

    Journal of the American College of Surgeons

    2023  Volume 237, Issue 4, Page(s) 633–643

    Abstract: Background: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is often attempted in patients with marginal anatomy. These patients' midterm outcomes are available in the Vascular Quality Initiative for analysis.: Study design: Retrospective analysis of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is often attempted in patients with marginal anatomy. These patients' midterm outcomes are available in the Vascular Quality Initiative for analysis.
    Study design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in the Vascular Quality Initiative from patients who underwent elective infrarenal EVAR between 2011 and 2018. Each EVAR was identified as either on- or off-instructions for use (IFU) based on aortic neck criteria. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between aneurysm sac enlargement, reintervention, and type Ia endoleak with IFU status. Kaplan-Meier time-to-event models estimated reintervention, aneurysm sac enlargement, and overall survival.
    Results: We identified 5,488 patients with at least 1 follow-up recorded. Those treated off-IFU included 1,236 patients ([23%] mean follow-up 401 days) compared with 4,252 (77%) treated on-IFU (mean follow-up 406 days). There was no evidence of significant differences in crude 30-day survival (96% vs 97%; p = 0.28) or estimated 2-year survival (97% vs 97%; log-rank p = 0.28). Crude type Ia endoleak frequency was greater in patients treated off IFU (2% vs 1%; p = 0.03). Off-IFU EVAR was associated with type Ia endoleak on multivariable regression model (odds ratio 1.84 [95% CI 1.23 to 2.76]; p = 0.003). Patients treated off IFU vs on IFU experienced had increased risk of reintervention within 2 years (7% vs 5%; log-rank p = 0.02), a finding consistent with results from the Cox modeling (hazard ratio 1.38 [95% CI 1.06 to 1.81]; p = 0.02).
    Conclusions: Patients treated off IFU were at greater risk for type Ia endoleak and reintervention, although they had similar 2-year survival compared with those treated on IFU. Patients with anatomy outside IFU should be considered for open surgery or complex endovascular repair to reduce the probability for revision.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ; Endoleak/epidemiology ; Endoleak/etiology ; Endoleak/surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/etiology ; Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1181115-8
    ISSN 1879-1190 ; 1072-7515
    ISSN (online) 1879-1190
    ISSN 1072-7515
    DOI 10.1097/XCS.0000000000000783
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  6. Article ; Online: Expedient Endovascular Hemorrhage Control During Anterior Lumbar Spinal Exposure Allows Procedural Completion in Rescued Patients.

    Schoeff, Jonathon E / Israel, Travis R / Green, Tyler J / Weaver, John S / Zarkowsky, Devin S

    Annals of vascular surgery

    2021  Volume 78, Page(s) 377.e5–377.e10

    Abstract: Objectives: To propose a contemporary management strategy for venous injury during anterior lumbar spinal exposure that incorporates endovascular treatment.: Methods: Vein injuries suffered by patients treated in a single practice were reviewed. A ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To propose a contemporary management strategy for venous injury during anterior lumbar spinal exposure that incorporates endovascular treatment.
    Methods: Vein injuries suffered by patients treated in a single practice were reviewed. A treatment algorithm based on these experiences was formulated.
    Results: Between 2015 and 2018, 914 patients received anterior access procedures for indicated lumbar interbody fusions. Of these patients, 15 (1.6%) suffered minor vascular injuries treated with manual pressure or suture repair. Four (0.4%) patients undergoing anterior lumbar spine surgery suffered major venous injuries, all of whom received the indicated spinal hardware following endovascular rescue. Primary repair was attempted in three patients before endovascular control and not at all in one. Vascular access was obtained via the bilateral femoral veins in 2 patients, unilateral femoral in one, and bilateral femoral plus right internal jugular vein in one. Stent choice included both uncovered (5, 63%) and covered stents (3, 38%). Deep venous thrombosis occurred in 2 patient's post-treatment. 1 DVT was encountered in the setting of a covered stent and 1 uncovered stent thrombosis was treated with catheter-directed lysis 4 weeks post-operatively. Ultimately, 3 patients were therapeutically anticoagulated. Mean follow-up is 13 months (range 1-36) with duplex ultrasounds available at 6 months or later in 3 of 4 patients. There is no evidence of post-thrombotic syndrome in the 2 patients that developed DVT's or in-stent stenosis in the 3 patients with available follow-up imaging.
    Conclusions: Endovascular techniques are important adjuncts when controlling large-volume hemorrhage associated with venous tears during anterior spinal exposure. Adequate direct compression allowing occlusion balloon inflation are key steps to reduce blood loss. Covered and uncovered stents are both appropriate choices to treat injuries. Patients must be anticoagulated post-operatively and surveilled for the sequelae of venous insufficiency. With expedient hemostasis, the indicated spinal surgery may be safely completed.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control ; Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects ; Endovascular Procedures/instrumentation ; Female ; Hemostatic Techniques/instrumentation ; Humans ; Iliac Vein/injuries ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postthrombotic Syndrome/drug therapy ; Postthrombotic Syndrome/etiology ; Spinal Fusion/adverse effects ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular System Injuries/diagnosis ; Vascular System Injuries/etiology ; Vascular System Injuries/therapy ; Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy ; Venous Thrombosis/etiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 1027366-9
    ISSN 1615-5947 ; 0890-5096
    ISSN (online) 1615-5947
    ISSN 0890-5096
    DOI 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.05.061
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  7. Article ; Online: Risk calculator predicts 30-day mortality after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for intact descending thoracic aortic aneurysms in the Vascular Quality Initiative.

    Naazie, Isaac N / Gupta, Jaideep Das / Azizzadeh, Ali / Arbabi, Cassra / Zarkowsky, Devin / Malas, Mahmoud B

    Journal of vascular surgery

    2021  Volume 75, Issue 3, Page(s) 833–841.e1

    Abstract: Objective: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (DTAA) is associated with high perioperative survival, although mortality is a possible outcome. However, no risk score has been developed to predict ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (DTAA) is associated with high perioperative survival, although mortality is a possible outcome. However, no risk score has been developed to predict mortality after TEVAR for intact DTAA to aid in risk discussion and preoperative patient selection. Our objective was to use a multi-institutional database to develop a 30-day mortality risk calculator for TEVAR after DTAA repair.
    Methods: The Vascular Quality Initiative database was queried for patients treated with TEVAR for intact DTAA between August 2014 and August 2020. Univariable and multivariable analyses aided in developing a 30-day mortality risk score. Internal validation was done with K-fold cross-validation and calibration curve analysis.
    Results: Of 2141 patients included in the analysis, 90 (4.2%) died within 30 days after the procedure. Clinically relevant variables identified to be independently associated with 30-day mortality and therefore used to derive the predictive model included age 75 years or greater (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-3.44; P < .001), coronary artery disease (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.03-2.47; P = .036), American Society of Anesthesiologists class IV/V (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.39-4.10; P = .002), urgent vs elective procedure (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.90-6.33; P < .001), emergent vs elective procedure (OR, 5.27; 95% CI, 2.36-11.75; P < .001), prior carotid revascularization (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.64-6.39; P = .001), and proximal landing zone <3 (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.65-3.81; P < .001). The model showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75. Internal validation demonstrated a bias-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.66-0.79) and a calibration slope of 1.00 with a corresponding intercept of 0.00.
    Conclusions: This study provides a novel clinically relevant risk prediction model to estimate 30-day mortality risk after TEVAR for DTAA. The TEVAR Mortality Risk Calculator provides useful prognostic information to guide patient selection and facilitate preoperative discussions and shared decision making. An easily accessible online version of the TEVAR Mortality Risk Score is available to facilitate ease of use.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/mortality ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/mortality ; Clinical Decision-Making ; Databases, Factual ; Decision Support Techniques ; Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects ; Endovascular Procedures/mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/diagnosis ; Postoperative Complications/mortality ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 605700-7
    ISSN 1097-6809 ; 0741-5214
    ISSN (online) 1097-6809
    ISSN 0741-5214
    DOI 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.08.056
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  8. Article ; Online: Progression in a Patient With Previously Treated Atherosclerotic Disease.

    Wang, Sue / Zarkowsky, Devin S / Eichler, Charles M

    JAMA surgery

    2018  Volume 153, Issue 4, Page(s) 380–381

    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease/surgery ; Coronary-Subclavian Steal Syndrome/diagnostic imaging ; Coronary-Subclavian Steal Syndrome/etiology ; Coronary-Subclavian Steal Syndrome/surgery ; Disease Progression ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701841-6
    ISSN 2168-6262 ; 2168-6254
    ISSN (online) 2168-6262
    ISSN 2168-6254
    DOI 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.6097
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  9. Article ; Online: Increased Regional Market Competition is Associated with a Lower Threshold for Revascularization in Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis.

    Sorber, Rebecca / Holscher, Courtenay M / Zarkowsky, Devin S / Abularrage, Christopher J / Black, James H / Wang, Grace J / Hicks, Caitlin W

    Annals of vascular surgery

    2022  Volume 87, Page(s) 164–173

    Abstract: Background: Revascularization practices with respect to asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACAS) are known to vary widely among proceduralists. In addition, regional market competition has been previously shown to drive more aggressive practices in a number ...

    Abstract Background: Revascularization practices with respect to asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACAS) are known to vary widely among proceduralists. In addition, regional market competition has been previously shown to drive more aggressive practices in a number of surgical procedures. The aim of our study was to examine the association of regional market competition with revascularization thresholds for ACAS.
    Methods: All patients undergoing carotid revascularization in the Vascular Quality Initiative carotid endarterectomy and stenting databases (2016-2020) were included. High-grade carotid stenosis was defined as ≥80%. We calculated the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI; a measure of physician market competition) for each U.S region as defined by the U.S Department of Health and Human Services. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of degree of carotid stenosis at revascularization with HHI stratified by symptomatology, adjusting for age, sex, race, insurance, and revascularization modality.
    Results: Of 92,243 carotid interventions, 57,094 (61.9%) were performed for ACAS and 35,149 (38.1%) were performed for symptomatic carotid stenosis (SCAS). ACAS patients undergoing revascularization for moderate-grade stenosis were significantly less likely to be aspirin (85.6% vs. 86.3%), clopidogrel (41.3% vs. 45.1%), dual anti-platelet therapy (35.9% vs. 39.2%) and systemic anticoagulants (10.9 vs. 11.7%) compared to high-grade stenosis (all P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that decreased local market competition was independently associated with a lower odds of revascularization for moderate versus high-grade ACAS (odds ratio OR: 0.99 per 10 point increase in HHI, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.98-0.99). There was no association of local market competition with degree of carotid stenosis at time of revascularization among patients with SCAS (OR: 1.00 per 10 point increase in HHI, 95% CI: 0.99-1.00). Among ACAS patients, patients with moderate-grade stenosis had a higher odds ratio of in-hospital stroke or death compared to patients with high-grade stenosis (OR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.45). This association was not redemonstrated in the SCAS group (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.80-1.06).
    Conclusions: Increased local market competition is associated with a lower threshold for revascularization of ACAS. There is no association between regional market competition and revascularization threshold for SCAS. These findings, combined with the significantly increased risk of perioperative stroke/death among moderate-grade ACAS patients, suggest that competition among proceduralists may result in a higher tolerance for increased operative risk in patients who might otherwise be reasonable candidates for surveillance.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carotid Stenosis/complications ; Carotid Stenosis/diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Stenosis/surgery ; Constriction, Pathologic/etiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Endarterectomy, Carotid/adverse effects ; Stents/adverse effects ; Stroke/prevention & control ; Stroke/complications ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1027366-9
    ISSN 1615-5947 ; 0890-5096
    ISSN (online) 1615-5947
    ISSN 0890-5096
    DOI 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.07.008
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  10. Article ; Online: Association of carotid revascularization approach with perioperative outcomes based on symptom status and degree of stenosis among octogenarians.

    Kibrik, Pavel / Stonko, David P / Alsheekh, Ahmad / Holscher, Courtenay / Zarkowsky, Devin / Abularrage, Christopher J / Hicks, Caitlin W

    Journal of vascular surgery

    2022  Volume 76, Issue 3, Page(s) 769–777.e2

    Abstract: Objective: Age ≥80 years is known to be an independent risk factor for periprocedural stroke after transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TF-CAS) but not after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The objective of the present study was to compare the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Age ≥80 years is known to be an independent risk factor for periprocedural stroke after transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TF-CAS) but not after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The objective of the present study was to compare the perioperative outcomes for CEA, TF-CAS, and transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) among octogenarian patients (aged ≥80 years) overall and stratified by symptom status and degree of stenosis.
    Methods: All patients aged ≥80 years with 50% to 99% carotid artery stenosis who had undergone CEA, TF-CAS, or TCAR in the Vascular Quality Initiative (2005-2020) were included. We compared the perioperative (30-day) incidence of ipsilateral stroke or death for CEA vs TF-CAS vs TCAR using analysis of variance and multivariable logistic regression models. The results were confirmed in a sensitivity analysis stratified by symptom status and degree of stenosis.
    Results: Overall, 28,571 carotid revascularization procedures were performed in patients aged ≥80 years: CEA, n = 20,912 (73.2%), TF-CAS, n = 3628 (12.7%), and TCAR, n = 4031 (14.1%). The median age was 83 years (interquartile range, 81.0-86.0 years); 49.8% of the patients were symptomatic (51.9% CEA, 46.2% TF-CAS, 42.4% TCAR); and 60.7% had high-grade stenosis (59.0% CEA, 65.2% TF-CAS, 65.4% TCAR). Perioperative stroke/death occurred most frequently following TF-CAS (6.6%), followed by TCAR (3.1%) and CEA (2.5%; P < .001). After adjusting for baseline differences between groups, the odds ratio (OR) for stroke/death was greater for TF-CAS vs CEA (adjusted OR [aOR], 3.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.65-4.23), followed by TCAR vs CEA (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.18-1.87). The risk of perioperative stroke/death remained significantly greater for TF-CAS compared with CEA regardless of symptom status and degree of stenosis (P < .05 for all). In contrast, the risk of stroke/death was higher for TCAR vs CEA for asymptomatic patients (aOR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.41-2.94) and those with high-grade stenosis (aOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11-2.05) but similar for patients with symptomatic and moderate-grade disease (P > .05 for both). The risk of myocardial infarction was lower with TCAR (aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40-0.87) and TF-CAS (aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.40-0.87) compared with CEA overall.
    Conclusions: Overall, TCAR and CEA can be safely offered to older adults, in particular, symptomatic patients and those with moderate-grade stenosis. TF-CAS should be avoided in older patients when possible.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Stenosis/complications ; Carotid Stenosis/diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Stenosis/surgery ; Constriction, Pathologic/complications ; Endarterectomy, Carotid/adverse effects ; Humans ; Octogenarians ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Stents/adverse effects ; Stroke/etiology ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 605700-7
    ISSN 1097-6809 ; 0741-5214
    ISSN (online) 1097-6809
    ISSN 0741-5214
    DOI 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.04.027
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