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  1. Article ; Online: Exploring Collaborative Care Effects on the Mental and Physical Health of Patients With and Without Violent Victimization Histories.

    Hullenaar, Keith L / Rivara, Frederick P / Wang, Jin / Zatzick, Douglas F

    Journal of interpersonal violence

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 9-10, Page(s) 6865–6887

    Abstract: Collaborative care is a multicomponent intervention delivered by frontline social work, nursing, and physician providers to address patients' physical, emotional, and social needs. We argued that collaborative care may particularly benefit patients with ... ...

    Abstract Collaborative care is a multicomponent intervention delivered by frontline social work, nursing, and physician providers to address patients' physical, emotional, and social needs. We argued that collaborative care may particularly benefit patients with a violent victimization history because it practices three principles of trauma-informed care: patient-provider collaboration, preventing repeat trauma in clinical and community settings, and delivering comprehensive mental and physical healthcare. We conducted an exploratory secondary data analysis of a collaborative care randomized clinical trial involving patients who presented with traumatic physical injury at a Level I trauma center in Washington state between 2006 and 2009. We used random-effect linear regression models to estimate how histories of multiple violent traumas moderated the effects of the collaborative care intervention on Short Form-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS)
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Crime Victims/psychology ; Mental Health ; Wounds and Injuries ; Violence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2028900-5
    ISSN 1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
    ISSN (online) 1552-6518
    ISSN 0886-2605
    DOI 10.1177/08862605221138655
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Can stepped collaborative care interventions improve post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms for racial and ethnic minority injury survivors?

    Abu, Khadija / Bedard-Gilligan, Michelle / Moodliar, Rddhi / Bulger, Eileen M / Hernandez, Alexandra / Knutzen, Tanya / Shoyer, Jake / Birk, Navneet / Conde, Cristina / Engstrom, Allison / Ryan, Paige / Wang, Jin / Russo, Joan / Zatzick, Douglas F

    Trauma surgery & acute care open

    2024  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) e001232

    Abstract: Objectives: No large-scale randomized clinical trial investigations have evaluated the potential differential effectiveness of early interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among injured patients from racial and ethnic minority ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: No large-scale randomized clinical trial investigations have evaluated the potential differential effectiveness of early interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among injured patients from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds. The current investigation assessed whether a stepped collaborative care intervention trial conducted at 25 level I trauma centers differentially improved PTSD symptoms for racial and ethnic minority injury survivors.
    Methods: The investigation was a secondary analysis of a stepped wedge cluster randomized clinical trial. Patients endorsing high levels of distress on the PTSD Checklist (PCL-C) were randomized to enhanced usual care control or intervention conditions. Three hundred and fifty patients of the 635 randomized (55%) were from non-white and/or Hispanic backgrounds. The intervention included care management, cognitive behavioral therapy elements and, psychopharmacology addressing PTSD symptoms. The primary study outcome was PTSD symptoms assessed with the PCL-C at 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. Mixed model regression analyses compared treatment effects for intervention and control group patients from non-white/Hispanic versus white/non-Hispanic backgrounds.
    Results: The investigation attained between 75% and 80% 3-month to 12-month follow-up. The intervention, on average, required 122 min (SD=132 min). Mixed model regression analyses revealed significant changes in PCL-C scores for non-white/Hispanic intervention patients at 6 months (adjusted difference -3.72 (95% CI -7.33 to -0.10) Effect Size =0.25, p<0.05) after the injury event. No significant differences were observed for white/non-Hispanic patients at the 6-month time point (adjusted difference -1.29 (95% CI -4.89 to 2.31) ES=0.10, p=ns).
    Conclusion: In this secondary analysis, a brief stepped collaborative care intervention was associated with greater 6-month reductions in PTSD symptoms for non-white/Hispanic patients when compared with white/non-Hispanic patients. If replicated, these findings could serve to inform future American College of Surgeon Committee on Trauma requirements for screening, intervention, and referral for PTSD and comorbidities.
    Level of evidence: Level II, secondary analysis of randomized clinical trial data reporting a significant difference.
    Trial registration number: NCT02655354.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2397-5776
    ISSN (online) 2397-5776
    DOI 10.1136/tsaco-2023-001232
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Long-lasting Consequences of Gun Violence and Mass Shootings.

    Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali / Zatzick, Douglas F / Rivara, Frederick P

    JAMA

    2019  Volume 321, Issue 18, Page(s) 1765–1766

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Gun Violence/psychology ; Humans ; Mass Casualty Incidents/psychology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology ; Survivors/psychology ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2019.5063
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Engaging and following physical injury survivors at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: A 25 site US national study.

    Shoyer, Jake / Ruggiero, Kenneth J / Abu, Khadija / Birk, Navneet / Conde, Cristina / Ryan, Paige / Knutzen, Tanya / Engstrom, Allison / Russo, Joan / Wang, Jin / Zatzick, Douglas F

    Injury

    2024  Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 111426

    Abstract: Introduction: Early intervention for patients at risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) relies upon the ability to engage and follow trauma-exposed patients. Recent requirements by the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (College) ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Early intervention for patients at risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) relies upon the ability to engage and follow trauma-exposed patients. Recent requirements by the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (College) have mandated screening and referral for patients with high levels of risk for the development of PTSD or depression. Investigations that assess factors associated with engaging and following physically injured patients may be essential in assessing outcomes related to screening, intervention, and referral.
    Methods: This investigation was a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a United States level I trauma center site randomized clinical trial. All 635 patients were ages ≥18 and had high PTSD symptom levels (i.e., DSM-IV PTSD Checklist score ≥35) at the time of the baseline trauma center admission. Baseline technology use, demographic, and injury characteristics were collected for patients who were followed up with over the course of the year after physical injury. Regression analyses were used to assess the associations between technology use, demographic and injury characteristics, and the attainment of follow-up outcome assessments.
    Results: Thirty-one percent of participants were missing one or more 3-, 6- or 12-month follow-up outcome assessments. Increased risk of missing one or more outcome assessments was associated with younger age (18-30 versus ≥55 Relative Risks [RR] = 1.78, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.09, 2.91), lack of cell phone (RR = 1.32, 95 % CI = 1.01, 1.72), no internet access (RR = 1.47, 95 % CI = 1.01, 2.16), public versus private insurance (RR = 1.47, 95 % CI = 1.12, 1.92), having no chronic medical comorbidities (≥4 versus none, RR = 0.28, 95 % CI = 0.20, 0.39), and worse pre-injury mental health function (RR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.98, 0.99).
    Conclusions: This multisite investigation suggests that younger and publicly insured and/or uninsured patients with barriers to cell phone and internet access may be particularly vulnerable to lapses in trauma center follow-up. Clinical research informing trauma center-based screening, intervention, and referral procedures could productively explore strategies for patients at risk for not engaging and adhering to follow-up care and outcome assessments.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Comorbidity ; Regression Analysis ; Survivors/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218778-4
    ISSN 1879-0267 ; 0020-1383
    ISSN (online) 1879-0267
    ISSN 0020-1383
    DOI 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111426
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Impact of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms on quality of life in adolescents after general traumatic injury.

    Martin-Herz, Susanne P / McMahon, Robert J / Malzyner, Stefanie / Chiang, Nikki / Zatzick, Douglas F

    Journal of traumatic stress

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 386–397

    Abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms have been associated with poorer health-related quality of life in adolescents after general traumatic injuries; few studies have examined the broader construct of postinjury quality of life ( ... ...

    Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms have been associated with poorer health-related quality of life in adolescents after general traumatic injuries; few studies have examined the broader construct of postinjury quality of life (QOL). We evaluated the impact of traumatic injury on adolescent QOL and examined factors that potentially contribute to poorer outcomes, using the Youth Quality of Life Instrument-Research Version as the outcome measure. Data were collected within 30 days postinjury and 2, 5, and 12 months postinjury. Mixed-model regression (MMR) was used for the main analyses. Participants (N = 204) were drawn from a prospective cohort study of 12-18-year-olds admitted to a Level 1 trauma center (n = 108) and healthy participants from a local cross-sectional study (n = 116); study group participants were significantly older. The initial MMR indicated that female adolescents had significantly lower QOL, B = -2.69, 95% CI [-4.68, -0.70], and were more likely to score above the cutoffs for PTSD (19.1% vs. 2.0%), χ
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/diagnosis ; Depression/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 639478-4
    ISSN 1573-6598 ; 0894-9867
    ISSN (online) 1573-6598
    ISSN 0894-9867
    DOI 10.1002/jts.22750
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and alcohol and drug use comorbidity at 25 US level I trauma centers.

    Nguyen, Jefferson / Whiteside, Lauren K / Bulger, Eileen M / Veach, Laura / Moloney, Kathleen / Russo, Joan / Nehra, Deepika / Wang, Jin / Zatzick, Douglas F

    Trauma surgery & acute care open

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) e000913

    Abstract: Background: Questions regarding the extent to which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is comorbid with alcohol and drug use are particularly germane in an era when the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT) is considering policy ... ...

    Abstract Background: Questions regarding the extent to which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is comorbid with alcohol and drug use are particularly germane in an era when the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT) is considering policy requiring screening, intervention and/or referral services for patients presenting with psychological sequalae of traumatic injury. Literature review revealed few multisite trauma-center-based investigations that have assessed the association between PTSD symptoms and alcohol and drug use comorbidities in injured patients.
    Methods: This investigation was a secondary analysis of baseline data collected prior to randomization in a 25-site trauma center pragmatic clinical trial. All 635 patients included in the investigation had elevated PTSD symptom levels at the time of trauma center admission. Self-report questionnaire screening, laboratory toxicology results, and electronic health record data were combined to assess the frequencies of alcohol, stimulant (i.e., amphetamine and cocaine), opioid and marijuana use comorbidities for injured patients. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between demographic and injury characteristics and alcohol and drug use comorbidity.
    Results: The frequency of patients with one or more alcohol or substance use comorbidity was between 62% and 79%. Over 50% of patients were positive for one or more alcohol or cannabis comorbidity. Approximately 26% of patients were positive for stimulants and 10% for opioid comorbidity.
    Discussion: This multisite investigation suggests that between 62% and 79% of hospitalized injury survivors with elevated PTSD symptoms have one or more alcohol or drug use comorbidity. Orchestrated ACS-COT policy and trauma center service delivery development should incorporate the key finding that a substantial majority of patients with high levels of psychological distress (eg, elevated PTSD symptoms) may have alcohol and drug use comorbidities.
    Level of evidence: Level II (epidemiological investigation of untreated controls from a multisite randomized clinical trial).
    Trial registration number: NCT02655354.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2397-5776
    ISSN (online) 2397-5776
    DOI 10.1136/tsaco-2022-000913
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Evaluation of a Health Information Exchange for Linkage to Mental Health Care After an Emergency Department Visit.

    Parrish, Canada / Basu, Anirban / McConnell, K John / Frogner, Bianca K / Reddy, Ashok / Zatzick, Douglas F / Kreuter, William / Sabbatini, Amber K

    Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

    2022  Volume 74, Issue 5, Page(s) 555–558

    Abstract: Aligning with Washington State's goal of reducing unnecessary emergency department (ED) use and improving linkage to outpatient primary and behavioral health care, this study evaluated whether an Emergency Department Information Exchange (EDIE) improved ... ...

    Abstract Aligning with Washington State's goal of reducing unnecessary emergency department (ED) use and improving linkage to outpatient primary and behavioral health care, this study evaluated whether an Emergency Department Information Exchange (EDIE) improved linkage to care for Medicaid enrollees with mental health conditions. Follow-up with any physician at 30 days increased slightly, although mental health-specific follow-up declined over time. Difference-in-differences estimates revealed no effect of EDIE on linkage to care after an ED visit. Medicaid beneficiaries with mental health needs and high utilization of the ED likely require additional support to increase timely and appropriate follow-up care.
    MeSH term(s) United States ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Health Information Exchange ; Medicaid ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Emergency Service, Hospital
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1220173-x
    ISSN 1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
    ISSN (online) 1557-9700
    ISSN 1075-2730
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.20220231
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Impact of a statewide Emergency Department Information Exchange on health care use and expenditures.

    Sabbatini, Amber K / McConnell, K John / Parrish, Canada / Frogner, Bianca K / Reddy, Ashok / Zatzick, Douglas F / Kreuter, William / Basu, Anirban

    Health services research

    2022  Volume 57, Issue 3, Page(s) 603–613

    Abstract: Objective: To assess the effects of a program mandating the statewide adoption of an Emergency Department Information Exchange (EDIE) on health care utilization and spending among Medicaid enrollees in Washington state.: Data source: Medicaid claims ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the effects of a program mandating the statewide adoption of an Emergency Department Information Exchange (EDIE) on health care utilization and spending among Medicaid enrollees in Washington state.
    Data source: Medicaid claims and managed care encounters from the Washington Health Care Authority.
    Study design: A difference-in-differences analysis with trends was used to compare changes in ED visits, inpatient admissions, primary care visits, and expenditures among frequent ED users (≥5 ED visits in past year) to those of infrequent users through the second year Washington's program.
    Data extraction: The study population included adult Medicaid enrollees with ED visits between January 2010 and October 2014.
    Principal findings: There were 505,667 ED visits among 153,543 unique enrollees included in the analysis. Washington's program was associated with a small, but statistically significant differential change of -0.70 ED visits per enrollee per year (95% CI: -1.24, -0.16) in the first year after EDIE was mandated, or 8.2% of the baseline ED visit rate among frequent users. However, by the second year of implementation, these effects on ED use were no longer significant, nor were there any measurable effects on inpatient admissions, primary care use, or expenditures in any period.
    Conclusions: Statewide implementation of EDIE was associated with a small reduction in ED use among frequent users in the first year of the program but did not change overall spending or other utilization outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Health Expenditures ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Managed Care Programs ; Medicaid ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 410435-3
    ISSN 1475-6773 ; 0017-9124
    ISSN (online) 1475-6773
    ISSN 0017-9124
    DOI 10.1111/1475-6773.13963
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Psychometric Properties and Validation of the General Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale Among Adolescents With Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms.

    Marcynyszyn, Lyscha A / McCarty, Carolyn A / Chrisman, Sara P D / Zatzick, Douglas F / Johnson, Ashleigh M / Wang, Jin / Hilt, Robert J / Rivara, Frederick P

    Neurotrauma reports

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 276–283

    Abstract: The General Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) scale is commonly used in primary care as a self-report measure of general anxiety symptoms with adult populations. There is little psychometric research on this measure with adolescent populations, ... ...

    Abstract The General Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) scale is commonly used in primary care as a self-report measure of general anxiety symptoms with adult populations. There is little psychometric research on this measure with adolescent populations, particularly those with persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS). This study examined the psychometrics properties of the GAD-7 among youth with PPCS. We used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of collaborative care for treatment of PPCS among 200 sports-injured adolescents 11-18 years of age (M
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2689-288X
    ISSN (online) 2689-288X
    DOI 10.1089/neur.2022.0075
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  10. Article ; Online: Leveraging a health information exchange to examine the accuracy of self-report emergency department utilization data among hospitalized injury survivors.

    Whiteside, Lauren K / Vrablik, Marie C / Russo, Joan / Bulger, Eileen M / Nehra, Deepika / Moloney, Kathleen / Zatzick, Douglas F

    Trauma surgery & acute care open

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) e000550

    Abstract: Background: Accurate acute care medical utilization history is an important outcome for clinicians and investigators concerned with improving trauma center care. The objective of this study was to examine the accuracy of self-report emergency department ...

    Abstract Background: Accurate acute care medical utilization history is an important outcome for clinicians and investigators concerned with improving trauma center care. The objective of this study was to examine the accuracy of self-report emergency department (ED) utilization compared with utilization obtained from the Emergency Department Information Exchange (EDIE) in admitted trauma surgery patients with comorbid mental health and substance use problems.
    Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 169 injured patients admitted to the University of Washington's Harborview Level I Trauma Center. Patients had high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and alcohol comorbidity. The investigation used EDIE, a novel health technology tool that collects information at the time a patient checks into any ED in Washington and other US states. Patterns of EDIE-documented visits were described, and the accuracy of injured patients' self-report visits was compared with EDIE-recorded visits during the course of the 12 months prior to the index trauma center admission.
    Results: Overall, 45% of the sample (n=76) inaccurately recalled their ED visits during the past year, with 36 participants (21%) reporting less ED visits than EDIE indicated and 40 (24%) reporting more ED visits than EDIE indicated. Patients with histories of alcohol use problems and major psychiatric illness were more likely to either under-report or over-report ED health service use.
    Discussion: Nearly half of all patients were unable to accurately recall ED visits in the previous 12 months compared with EDIE, with almost one-quarter of patients demonstrating high levels of disagreement. The improved accuracy and ease of use when compared with self-report make EDIE an important tool for both clinical and pragmatic trial longitudinal outcome assessments. Orchestrated investigative and policy efforts could further examine the benefits of introducing EDIE and other information exchanges into routine acute care clinical workflows.
    Level of evidence: II/III.
    Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02274688.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2397-5776
    ISSN (online) 2397-5776
    DOI 10.1136/tsaco-2020-000550
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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