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  1. Article ; Online: The early COVID-19 pandemic and democratic attitudes.

    Lupu, Noam / Zechmeister, Elizabeth J

    PloS one

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) e0253485

    Abstract: How does a public health crisis like a global pandemic affect political opinions in fragile democratic contexts? Research in political science suggests several possible public reactions to crisis, from retrospective anti-incumbency to rally 'round the ... ...

    Abstract How does a public health crisis like a global pandemic affect political opinions in fragile democratic contexts? Research in political science suggests several possible public reactions to crisis, from retrospective anti-incumbency to rally 'round the flag effects to democratic erosion and authoritarianism. Which of these obtains depends on the nature of the crisis. We examine whether and how the onset of the global pandemic shifted public opinion toward the president, elections, and democracy in Haiti. We embedded two experiments in a phone survey administered to a nationally representative sample of Haitians in April-June 2020. We find that the early pandemic boosted presidential approval and intentions to vote for the incumbent president, consistent with a rally effect. These results show that a rally effect occurs even in the most unlikely of places-an unstable context in which the incumbent president is struggling to maintain order and support. At the same time, we find scant evidence that the onset of the pandemic eroded democratic attitudes, even in a context in which democracy rests on uncertain grounds.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Democracy ; Disasters ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Pandemics ; Politics ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0253485
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Reducing mask resistance among White evangelical Christians with value-consistent messages.

    DeMora, Stephanie L / Merolla, Jennifer L / Newman, Brian / Zechmeister, Elizabeth J

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2021  Volume 118, Issue 21

    Abstract: Public health experts have advocated for wearing protective face masks to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, yet some populations are resistant. Can certain messages shift attitudes toward masks? We investigate the effect of value-consistent messages within a ...

    Abstract Public health experts have advocated for wearing protective face masks to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, yet some populations are resistant. Can certain messages shift attitudes toward masks? We investigate the effect of value-consistent messages within a mask-skeptical population: White evangelicals in the United States. An experiment within a national survey of White evangelicals (
    MeSH term(s) Attitude to Health ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/psychology ; Health Communication/methods ; Humans ; Masks ; Protestantism/psychology ; Public Opinion ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2101723118
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Knowledge and stigma of latent tuberculosis infection in Brazil: implications for tuberculosis prevention strategies.

    Rebeiro, Peter F / Cohen, Mollie J / Ewing, Heather M / Figueiredo, Marina Cruvinel / Peetluk, Lauren Saag / Andrade, Kleydson B / Eakin, Marshall / Zechmeister, Elizabeth J / Sterling, Timothy R

    BMC public health

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 897

    Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) elimination requires treatment of millions of persons with latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI). LTBI treatment acceptance depends on population-wide TB knowledge and low stigma, but limited data are available on the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) elimination requires treatment of millions of persons with latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI). LTBI treatment acceptance depends on population-wide TB knowledge and low stigma, but limited data are available on the relationship between stigma and knowledge. We assessed knowledge of TB disease and LTBI throughout Brazil and examined their association with TB stigma and incidence.
    Methods: We performed a nationwide survey with multi-stage probability design through AmericasBarometer from April-May 2017; the sample was representative of Brazil at regional and national levels. Knowledge of and stigma toward TB were assessed by validated survey questions.
    Results: Survey-weighted responses of 1532 individuals suggest that 57% of the population knew LTBI can occur, and 90% would seek treatment for it. Regarding active TB, 85% knew TB symptoms, 70% reported they should avoid contact with someone with active TB, and 24% had stigma toward persons with TB (i.e., thought persons with tuberculosis should feel ashamed, or deserved their illness). In regression models adjusting for clinical and demographic variables, knowledge of LTBI was associated with increased stigma toward persons with TB (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·25-3.63, for "should feel ashamed"; OR = 1·82, 95% CI: 1·15-2·89, for "deserve illness"). Adjusting for regional TB incidence did not affect this association.
    Conclusions: High proportions of this representative Brazilian population had knowledge of LTBI and were willing to seek treatment for it. However, such knowledge was associated with TB-specific stigma. Strategies to educate and implement treatment of latent tuberculosis must include efforts to decrease TB stigma.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Emotions ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Incidence ; Latent Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Latent Tuberculosis/therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Odds Ratio ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; Social Stigma ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041338-5
    ISSN 1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    ISSN 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-020-09053-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book ; Online: Democracy at risk

    Merolla, Jennifer Lee / Zechmeister, Elizabeth J

    how terrorist threats affect the public

    (Chicago studies in American politics)

    2009  

    Abstract: How do threats of terrorism affect the opinions of citizens? Speculation abounds, but until now no one had marshaled hard evidence to explain the complexities of this relationship. Drawing on data from surveys and original experiments they conducted in ... ...

    Institution ebrary, Inc
    Author's details Jennifer L. Merolla and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister
    Series title Chicago studies in American politics
    Abstract How do threats of terrorism affect the opinions of citizens? Speculation abounds, but until now no one had marshaled hard evidence to explain the complexities of this relationship. Drawing on data from surveys and original experiments they conducted in the United States and Mexico, Jennifer Merolla and Elizabeth Zechmeister demonstrate how our strategies for coping with terrorist threats significantly influence our attitudes toward fellow citizens, political leaders, and foreign nations.  The authors reveal, for example, that some people try to restore a sense of order and control through incr
    Keywords Political psychology ; Terrorism/Prevention/Government policy/Public opinion ; Terrorism/Prevention ; Voting
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource (xviii, 262 p), ill, 24 cm
    Publisher University of Chicago Press
    Publishing place Chicago
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note Includes bibliographical references (p. [241]-254) and index
    ISBN 0226520544 ; 0226520552 ; 9780226520544 ; 9780226520551
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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