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  1. Article ; Online: Acute Effect of E-Cigarette Inhalation on Mucociliary Clearance in E-Cigarette Users.

    Bennett, William D / Clapp, Phillip W / Zeman, Kirby L / Wu, Jihong / Ring, Brian / Jaspers, Ilona

    Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2417924-3
    ISSN 1941-2703 ; 1941-2711
    ISSN (online) 1941-2703
    ISSN 1941-2711
    DOI 10.1089/jamp.2023.0027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Respiratory Tract Deposition of E-Cigarette Particles.

    Bennett, William D / Clapp, Phillip W / Holbrook, Landon T / Zeman, Kirby L

    Comprehensive Physiology

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 3823–3832

    Abstract: Total and regional deposition of inhaled electronic cigarette (E-cig) particles in the respiratory tract (RT) depends on both physical properties of the inhaled particles and biological factors of users, for example, breathing pattern or puff profile, ... ...

    Abstract Total and regional deposition of inhaled electronic cigarette (E-cig) particles in the respiratory tract (RT) depends on both physical properties of the inhaled particles and biological factors of users, for example, breathing pattern or puff profile, airway anatomy, and regional ventilation. Accurate particle sizing of E-cig aerosols is essential for predicting particle deposition in the RT. Studies using a variety of sizing methods have shown mass median aerodynamic diameters ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 um and secondary count diameters in the ultrafine range (<0.1 μm). Incorporating these particle sizes into a multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model shows 10% to 45% total lung deposition by mass and 30% to 80% for ultrafine particles depending on the breathing patterns. These predictions are consistent with experimental measures of deposition fraction of submicron and ultrafine particles. While box-mod-type E-cig devices allow for full "direct-lung" inhalations of aerosol, the more recent pod-based, and disposable E-cigs (e.g., JUUL, Puff Bar, Stig) deliver the aerosol as a "mouth-to-lung" puff, or bolus, that is inhaled early in the breath followed to various degrees by further inhalation of ambient air. Measurement of realistic ventilation patterns associated with these various devices may further improve deposition predictions. Finally, while in vivo measures of RT deposition present a challenge, a recent methodology to radiolabel E-cig particles may allow for such measurements by gamma scintigraphy. Supported by NIH/NHLBI R01HL139369. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-10, year.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Inhalation ; Aerosols ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Particulate Matter ; Respiratory System/diagnostic imaging
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Particulate Matter
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2040-4603
    ISSN (online) 2040-4603
    DOI 10.1002/cphy.c210038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A novel method for the quantitative assessment of the fitted containment efficiency of face coverings.

    Bennett, William D / Prince, Steven E / Zeman, Kirby L / Chen, Hao / Samet, James M

    Infection control and hospital epidemiology

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 9, Page(s) 1481–1484

    Abstract: Background: Face masks reduce disease transmission by protecting the wearer from inhaled pathogens and reducing the emission of infectious aerosols. Although methods quantifying efficiency for wearer protection are established, current methods for ... ...

    Abstract Background: Face masks reduce disease transmission by protecting the wearer from inhaled pathogens and reducing the emission of infectious aerosols. Although methods quantifying efficiency for wearer protection are established, current methods for assessing face mask containment efficiency rely on measurement of a low concentration of aerosols emitted from an infected or noninfected individual.
    Methods: A small port enabled the introduction of 0.05 µm sodium chloride particles at a constant rate behind the mask worn by a study participant. A condensation particle counter monitored ambient particle numbers 60 cm in front of the participant over 3-minute periods of rest, speaking, and coughing. The containment efficiency (%) for each mask and procedure was calculated as follows: 100 × (1 - average ambient concentration with face covering worn/average ambient concentration with a sham face covering in place). The protection efficiency (%) was also measured using previously published methods. The probability of transmission (%) from infected to uninfected (a function of both the containment efficiency and the protection efficiency) was calculated as follows: {1 - (containment efficiency/100)}×{1 - (protection efficiency/100)}×100.
    Results: The average containment efficiencies for each mask over all procedures and repeated measures were 94.6%, 60.9%, 38.8%, and 43.2%, respectively, for the N95 mask, the KN95 mask, the procedure face mask, and the gaiter. The corresponding protection efficiencies for each mask were 99.0%, 63.7%, 45.3%, and 24.2%, respectively. For example, the transmission probability for 1 infected and 1 uninfected individual in close proximity was ∼14.2% for KN95 masks, compared to 36%-39% when only 1 individual wore a KN95 mask.
    Conclusion: Overall, we detected a good correlation between the protection and containment that a face covering afforded to a wearer.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets ; N95 Respirators ; Masks ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; Cough
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639378-0
    ISSN 1559-6834 ; 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    ISSN (online) 1559-6834
    ISSN 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    DOI 10.1017/ice.2022.316
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Effect of airway clearance therapies on mucociliary clearance in adults with cystic fibrosis: A randomized controlled trial.

    Trimble, Aaron / Zeman, Kirby / Wu, Jihong / Ceppe, Agathe / Bennett, William / Donaldson, Scott

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) e0268622

    Abstract: Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder causing impaired mucociliary clearance within the respiratory tract, and is associated with bronchiectasis, chronic respiratory infections, and early death. Airway clearance therapies have long ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder causing impaired mucociliary clearance within the respiratory tract, and is associated with bronchiectasis, chronic respiratory infections, and early death. Airway clearance therapies have long been a cornerstone of management of individuals with CF, although evidence supporting their use is lacking. We designed a randomized controlled trial to quantitatively compare the effects of different forms of airway clearance on mucociliary clearance.
    Methods: Three different physiotherapy methods to augment cough-clearance were studied in addition to cough-clearance alone: high-frequency chest-wall oscillating vest, oscillatory positive expiratory pressure, and whole-body vibration. We used gamma scintigraphy after inhalation of radiolabeled particles to quantify mucus clearance before, during, and after physiotherapy. As secondary endpoints, we measured concentrations of small molecules in exhaled breath that may impact mucus clearance.
    Results: Ten subjects were enrolled and completed study procedures. No differences were identified between any method of airway clearance, including cough clearance alone. We did identify changes in certain small molecule concentrations in exhaled breath following airway clearance.
    Conclusions: Due to the limitations of this study, we do not believe the negative results suggest a change in clinical practice with regard to airway clearance. Findings pertaining to small molecules in exhaled breath may serve as future opportunities for study.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cough/complications ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Mucociliary Clearance ; Mucus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0268622
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  5. Article ; Online: The effect of discontinuing hypertonic saline or dornase alfa on mucociliary clearance in elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treated people with cystic fibrosis: The SIMPLIFY-MCC Study.

    Donaldson, Scott H / Corcoran, Timothy E / Pilewski, Joseph M / Laube, Beth L / Mogayzel, Peter / Ceppe, Agathe / Wu, Jihong / Zeman, Kirby / Rowe, Steven M / Nichols, David P / Gifford, Alex H / Bennett, William D / Mayer-Hamblett, Nicole

    Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society

    2024  

    Abstract: Many people with CF (pwCF) desire a reduction in inhaled treatment burden after initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. The randomized, open-label SIMPLIFY study showed that discontinuing hypertonic saline (HS) or dornase alfa (DA) was non- ... ...

    Abstract Many people with CF (pwCF) desire a reduction in inhaled treatment burden after initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. The randomized, open-label SIMPLIFY study showed that discontinuing hypertonic saline (HS) or dornase alfa (DA) was non-inferior to continuation of each treatment with respect to change in lung function over a 6-week period. In this SIMPLIFY substudy, we used gamma scintigraphy to determine whether discontinuation of either HS or DA was associated with deterioration in the rate of in vivo mucociliary clearance (MCC) in participants ≥12 years of age. While no significant differences in MCC endpoints were associated with HS discontinuation, significant improvement in whole and peripheral lung MCC was observed after discontinuing DA. These results suggest that pwCF on ETI with mild lung disease do not experience a subclinical deterioration in MCC that could later impact health outcomes after discontinuing HS, and in fact may benefit from improved MCC after stopping DA treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2084724-5
    ISSN 1873-5010 ; 1569-1993
    ISSN (online) 1873-5010
    ISSN 1569-1993
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcf.2024.02.003
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  6. Article ; Online: Fitted Filtration Efficiency of Double Masking During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Sickbert-Bennett, Emily E / Samet, James M / Prince, Steven E / Chen, Hao / Zeman, Kirby L / Tong, Haiyan / Bennett, William D

    JAMA internal medicine

    2021  Volume 181, Issue 8, Page(s) 1126–1128

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; N95 Respirators ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2699338-7
    ISSN 2168-6114 ; 2168-6106
    ISSN (online) 2168-6114
    ISSN 2168-6106
    DOI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.2033
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  7. Article ; Online: Effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on mucus and mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis.

    Donaldson, Scott H / Corcoran, Timothy E / Pilewski, Joseph M / Mogayzel, Peter / Laube, Beth L / Boitet, Evan R / Harris, Elex S / Ceppe, Agathe / Edwards, Lloyd J / Zeman, Kirby / Wu, Jihong / Esther, Charles R / Nichols, David P / Bennett, William D / Rowe, Steven M

    Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 155–160

    Abstract: Background: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (E/T/I) is highly effective clinically for those with at least one F508del-CFTR allele. The effects of E/T/I on mucociliary clearance ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (E/T/I) is highly effective clinically for those with at least one F508del-CFTR allele. The effects of E/T/I on mucociliary clearance (MCC) and sputum properties are unknown. We, therefore, sought to characterize the effects of E/T/I on in vivo MCC and sputum characteristics hypothesized to impact mucus transport.
    Methods: Forty-four participants ≥12 years of age were enrolled into this prospective, observational trial prior to initiation of E/T/I and had baseline measurement of MCC and characterization of induced sputum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. Study procedures were repeated after 1 month of E/T/I treatment.
    Results: Average age was 27.7 years with baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV
    Conclusions: E/T/I improved the hydration of respiratory secretions (% solids) and markedly accelerated MCC. These data confirm the link between CFTR function, mucus solid content, and MCC and help to define the utility of MCC and mucus-related bioassays in future efforts to restore CFTR function in all people with CF.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis ; Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy ; Cystic Fibrosis/genetics ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Mucociliary Clearance ; Prospective Studies ; Aminophenols/therapeutic use ; Benzodioxoles/therapeutic use ; Mucus ; Mutation ; Chloride Channel Agonists/therapeutic use ; Indoles ; Pyrazoles ; Pyridines ; Pyrrolidines ; Quinolones
    Chemical Substances Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (126880-72-6) ; elexacaftor (RRN67GMB0V) ; ivacaftor (1Y740ILL1Z) ; tezacaftor ; Aminophenols ; Benzodioxoles ; Chloride Channel Agonists ; Indoles ; Pyrazoles ; Pyridines ; Pyrrolidines ; Quinolones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2084724-5
    ISSN 1873-5010 ; 1569-1993
    ISSN (online) 1873-5010
    ISSN 1569-1993
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.10.010
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  8. Article ; Online: Radiolabeling an Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Using Technetium Carbon Ultrafine Particles.

    Holbrook, Landon T / Zeman, Kirby L / Burke, Alyssa / Jaspers, Ilona / Bennett, William D

    Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery

    2018  Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 47–53

    Abstract: Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are widely used, but their health effects are not well known. ECIG exposure is difficult to quantify, and a direct measurement of deposition would be beneficial to in vivo and in vitro toxicity studies. The aim ... ...

    Abstract Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are widely used, but their health effects are not well known. ECIG exposure is difficult to quantify, and a direct measurement of deposition would be beneficial to in vivo and in vitro toxicity studies. The aim of this study was to demonstrate effective radiolabeling of an ECIG.
    Methods: A technetium-99m-labeled carbon ultrafine (TCU) aerosol was generated and introduced to a fourth-generation ECIG before nucleation and aerosol formation. The aerosolized e-liquid was a commercially available strawberry flavor containing 1.2% nicotine in a 55% propylene glycol and 45% vegetable glycerine base. An ECIG power setting of 100 W was selected. Mass and radioactivity were measured on each stage within a Sierra Cascade Impactor at 14 L/min to verify the labeling technique using the calculated aerodynamic diameters. A strong positive correlation (R
    Results: Unlabeled ECIG aerosol from the chosen e-liquid produced a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 0.85 μm. An ECIG labeled with TCU produced an aerosol with an activity median aerodynamic diameter of 0.84 μm and an MMAD of 0.84 μm. The relative mass versus radioactivity on each plate was highly correlated (average R
    Conclusion: A TCU radiolabel was generated and shown to associate with the mass of an aerosol produced by a typical commercially available ECIG. Thus, the radioactivity of the deposited aerosol may be used to determine ECIG aerosol deposition for the future in vivo and in vitro dosimetry studies of the third- and fourth-generation ECIGs.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Inhalation ; Aerosols ; Carbon/administration & dosage ; Carbon/chemistry ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Nicotine/administration & dosage ; Nicotine/chemistry ; Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage ; Nicotinic Agonists/chemistry ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter ; Technetium/administration & dosage ; Technetium/chemistry ; Vaping
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Nicotinic Agonists ; Particulate Matter ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R) ; Technetium (7440-26-8) ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2417924-3
    ISSN 1941-2703 ; 1941-2711
    ISSN (online) 1941-2703
    ISSN 1941-2711
    DOI 10.1089/jamp.2017.1442
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  9. Article ; Online: Assessing the effect of beard hair lengths on face masks used as personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Prince, Steven E / Chen, Hao / Tong, Haiyan / Berntsen, Jon / Masood, Syed / Zeman, Kirby L / Clapp, Phillip W / Bennett, William D / Samet, James M

    Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 953–960

    Abstract: Background: Globally, a large percentage of men keep a beard at least occasionally. Workplace regulations prohibit beards with N95 respirators, but there is little information on the effect of beards with face masks worn by the public for protection ... ...

    Abstract Background: Globally, a large percentage of men keep a beard at least occasionally. Workplace regulations prohibit beards with N95 respirators, but there is little information on the effect of beards with face masks worn by the public for protection against SARS-CoV-2.
    Methods and findings: We examined the fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of five commonly worn protective face masks as a function of beard length following the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration Quantitative Fit Test: N95 (respirator), KF94 and KN95, surgical/procedure, and cloth masks. A comparison using N95 respirators was carried out in shaven and bearded men. A detailed examination was conducted for beard lengths between 0 and 10 mm (0.5 mm increments). The effect of an exercise band covering the beard on FFE was also tested. Although N95 respirators showed considerable variability among bearded men, they had the highest FFE for beard lengths up to 10 mm. KF94 and KN95 masks lost up to 40% of their FFE. Procedure and cotton masks had poor performance even on bare skin (10-30% FFE) that did not change appreciably with beard length. Marked performance improvements were observed with an exercise band worn over the beard.
    Conclusions: Though variable, N95 respirators offer the best respiratory protection for bearded men. While KF94 and KN95 FFE is compromised considerably by increasing beard length, they proved better options than procedure and cotton face masks. A simple exercise band improves FFE for face masks commonly used by bearded men during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Male ; Masks ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2218551-3
    ISSN 1559-064X ; 1559-0631
    ISSN (online) 1559-064X
    ISSN 1559-0631
    DOI 10.1038/s41370-021-00337-1
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  10. Article ; Online: Regional Ventilation Is the Main Determinant of Alveolar Deposition of Coarse Particles in the Supine Healthy Human Lung During Tidal Breathing.

    Sá, Rui Carlos / Zeman, Kirby L / Bennett, William D / Prisk, G Kim / Darquenne, Chantal

    Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery

    2017  Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 322–331

    Abstract: Background: To quantify the relationship between regional lung ventilation and coarse aerosol deposition in the supine healthy human lung, we used oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and planar gamma scintigraphy in seven subjects.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: To quantify the relationship between regional lung ventilation and coarse aerosol deposition in the supine healthy human lung, we used oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and planar gamma scintigraphy in seven subjects.
    Methods: Regional ventilation was measured in the supine posture in a 15 mm sagittal slice of the right lung. Deposition was measured by using planar gamma scintigraphy (coronal scans, 40 cm FOV) immediately postdeposition, 1 hour 30 minutes and 22 hours after deposition of
    Results: r was not significantly different from 1 for all regions (1.04 ± 0.25, 1.08 ± 0.22, 1.03 ± 0.17, 0.92 ± 0.13, apex to diaphragm, p > 0.40) at the alveolar level (r
    Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that alveolar deposition is directly proportional to ventilation for ∼5 μm particles that are inhaled in the supine posture and are consistent with previous simulation predictions that show that convective flow is the main determinant of aerosol transport to the lung periphery.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Aerosols ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism ; Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology ; Radionuclide Imaging/methods ; Respiration ; Supine Position ; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid/administration & dosage ; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid/pharmacokinetics ; Tidal Volume ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid (556Q0P6PB1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2417924-3
    ISSN 1941-2703 ; 1941-2711
    ISSN (online) 1941-2703
    ISSN 1941-2711
    DOI 10.1089/jamp.2016.1336
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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