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Article: Pregnant women have inadequate fiber intake while consuming fiber‐rich diets in low‐income rural setting: Evidences from Analysis of common “ready‐to‐eat” stable foods

Zerfu, Taddese

Food Science & Nutrition, 7(10):3286-3292

2019

Abstract: The intake of fiber‐rich foods during pregnancy has several health benefits to the pregnant woman including lowering the risks of diabetes, preeclampsia, and constipation. However, little is known about the content, daily intake levels, and adequacy of ... ...

Abstract	The intake of fiber‐rich foods during pregnancy has several health benefits to the pregnant woman including lowering the risks of diabetes, preeclampsia, and constipation. However, little is known about the content, daily intake levels, and adequacy of fiber among pregnant women in many low‐income settings. We aimed to identify common food items and determine adequacy of dietary fiber intake levels among pregnant women in rural Ethiopia. Dietary data were collected from a subsample (n = 55) of pregnant women enrolled to a larger prospective cohort study (n = 414). Dietary intake level was measured using repeated 24‐hr dietary recall method and weighing the total amount of daily food. Fiber content was determined using the Weende method supplemented by other sources.The mean [±SD] dietary fiber intake level was 25.89 [±5.09 mg/g] per day, which declined across pregnancy trimester from 26.01 [±9.18 mg/g] to 22.67 [±9.01 mg/g] and 24.56 [±9.98 mg/g] during the first, to second and third pregnancy trimesters, respectively. Boiled cereals and coffee contributed to nearly two‐thirds (63.2%) of the daily fiber intake, while the major bulk of daily food, enjera, contributed to less than a quarter (24.3%) of the fiber intake. Though dietary patterns favor diversified intake for fiber, the mean intake levels below the recommended levels and proportion of women getting adequate to the physiologic stages of pregnancy were inadequate compared to the standard. Mothers, in such community, could benefit from increasing overall intake of existing food to satisfy their fiber needs during pregnancy.
Keywords	adequacy ; fiber ; pregnancy ; pregnant women ; trimester
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article ; Online: Tricks to publish in a high-impact journal

Zerfu, Taddese

Author Aid. First available on April 24, 2023

2023

Abstract: Academic publishing in scientific, technical and medical (STM) journals entails disseminating information and the associated evidence-based interventions as a research paper in a relevant journal. Doing so often increases the visibility of one's research ...

Abstract	Academic publishing in scientific, technical and medical (STM) journals entails disseminating information and the associated evidence-based interventions as a research paper in a relevant journal. Doing so often increases the visibility of one's research beyond one's immediate network of friends and colleagues. Publication in a high-impact journal, in particular, offers an opportunity for the researcher to disseminate original research questions, results and insights to a wider, frequently worldwide audience. More importantly, it can help the researcher advance their career by securing a new position, speaking opportunities at prestigious conferences or even by obtaining research funding. However, publishing in a high-impact journal is tough for many young researchers globally. A few of the tricks one can employ to publish in high-impact journals are further discussed below. Non-PR IFPRI5; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Capacity Strengthening Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategies
Keywords	WORLD ; research ; journals ; literature
Subject code	070
Language	English
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The double-edged sword of keeping livestock

Zerfu, Taddese

Balancing nutritional benefits with disease risks in poor nations

2023

Abstract: In many low- and lower-middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where mixed crop-livestock farming is widely practiced, livestock keeping provides income, food, nutrition and other benefits for the rural poor. The nutritional ... ...

Abstract	In many low- and lower-middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where mixed crop-livestock farming is widely practiced, livestock keeping provides income, food, nutrition and other benefits for the rural poor. The nutritional benefits of livestock keeping are particularly important since malnutrition continues to cause nearly half of annual global child deaths, and can have lasting effects on the physical growth and cognitive development of millions of surviving children. However, the relationship between livestock keeping, human nutrition and the health of most vulnerable population groups—under-five children and women of reproductive age—has remained a complex problem in many LMICs. This problem prompted us to work together and synthesize global evidence to assess the role of livestock keeping on the health and nutritional status of children and women in LMICs. Our study synthesized data from 176 papers after screening and critically reviewing information from 12 electronic databases that produced a total of 34,402 unique references and grey literature sources published between 1991 and the end of 2020. Based on the systematic analysis of the papers, we found that nearly two out of every five (42%) of the papers reviewed showed that livestock production is associated with improved height-for-age Z score (indicator of chronic malnutrition). Our analysis also showed that weight-for-length/height Z score (an indicator of acute malnutrition) improved through livestock production. Similarly, close to a third (30.7%) of the papers reviewed showed that weight-for-age Z scores (a direct indicator of both chronic and acute malnutrition) of children improved through livestock production of families. Livestock production has also showed a positive or neutral relationship with women’s nutritional status in almost all the reported papers. However, close to four-fifths (79.5%) of the papers reporting on infection and morbidity outcomes also indicated that livestock keeping is linked to a wide range ...
Keywords	AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; farmers ; foods ; income ; livestock ; malnutrition ; nutrition ; poverty ; rural poor
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publisher	Cambridge Univeristy
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: The double-edged sword of keeping livestock

Zerfu, Taddese Alemu

Balancing nutritional benefits with disease risks in poor nations

2023

Abstract	In many low- and lower-middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where mixed crop-livestock farming is widely practiced, livestock keeping provides income, food, nutrition and other benefits for the rural poor. The nutritional benefits of livestock keeping are particularly important since malnutrition continues to cause nearly half of annual global child deaths, and can have lasting effects on the physical growth and cognitive development of millions of surviving children. However, the relationship between livestock keeping, human nutrition and the health of most vulnerable population groups—under-five children and women of reproductive age—has remained a complex problem in many LMICs. This problem prompted us to work together and synthesize global evidence to assess the role of livestock keeping on the health and nutritional status of children and women in LMICs.
Keywords	farmers ; food ; income ; livestock ; malnutrition ; nutrition ; rural poor
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-28T13:48:46Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Challenges and experience of the Ethiopian rural health extension program

Zerfu, Taddese Alemu / Tareke, Amare Abera / Biadgilign, Sibhatu / Zerfu, Taddese

BMC Health Services Research 23: 1309

Implications for reform and revitalization

2023

Abstract: Background Despite remarkable gains over the past decade, mounting evidence suggests that Ethiopia’s rural health extension program (HEP) is facing serious implementation challenges. We investigated the current and potential future program design and ... ...

Abstract	Background Despite remarkable gains over the past decade, mounting evidence suggests that Ethiopia’s rural health extension program (HEP) is facing serious implementation challenges. We investigated the current and potential future program design and implementation challenges of Ethiopia’s rural HEP based on the lived experiences of health extension workers (HEW) implementing the program at the grassroots level. Methods We employed a longitudinal qualitative exploration linked to a larger cluster-randomized trial (RCT) which was implemented in 282 villages randomly selected from 18 Kebeles of the Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with key informants, focus group discussion, and passive observation of program implementation. The data were analyzed manually using a thematic framework analysis approach. Themes and sub-themes were generated by condensing, summarizing, and synthesizing data collected in the field in the form of extended notes and field observation checklists. Findings Despite considerable gains in availing basic health services to the rural population, HEP seems to suffer serious design and implementation flaws that demand thoughtful and immediate adjustment. The design constraints span from the number and type of intervention packages to the means of dissemination (vehicle) as well as the target population emphasized. As such, some low-cost high-impact interventions that were strongly desired by the community were overlooked, while others were inappropriately packed. The means of distribution - female health extension workers trained with basic prevention skills, were lacking essential skills. They also had high burnout rates and with little engagement with men, were repeatedly mentioned flaws of the program demanding revitalization. Furthermore, the sheer structure of HEP precluded adult and adolescent men, non-reproductive women, and the elderly. Conclusion Despite significant gains over the last couple of months, Ethiopia’s rural HEP appears to have ...
Keywords	ETHIOPIA ; EAST AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; AFRICA ; data ; data analysis ; health ; implementation ; rural areas ; health extension program (HEP) ; health extension workers (HEW)
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publisher	BMC
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Challenges and experience of the Ethiopian rural health extension program: implications for reform and revitalization.

Zerfu, Taddese Alemu / Tareke, Amare Abera / Biadgilign, Sibhatu

BMC health services research

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 1309

Abstract: Background: Despite remarkable gains over the past decade, mounting evidence suggests that Ethiopia's rural health extension program (HEP) is facing serious implementation challenges. We investigated the current and potential future program design and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite remarkable gains over the past decade, mounting evidence suggests that Ethiopia's rural health extension program (HEP) is facing serious implementation challenges. We investigated the current and potential future program design and implementation challenges of Ethiopia's rural HEP based on the lived experiences of health extension workers (HEW) implementing the program at the grassroots level. Methods: We employed a longitudinal qualitative exploration linked to a larger cluster-randomized trial (RCT) which was implemented in 282 villages randomly selected from 18 Kebeles of the Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with key informants, focus group discussion, and passive observation of program implementation. The data were analyzed manually using a thematic framework analysis approach. Themes and sub-themes were generated by condensing, summarizing, and synthesizing data collected in the field in the form of extended notes and field observation checklists. Findings: Despite considerable gains in availing basic health services to the rural population, HEP seems to suffer serious design and implementation flaws that demand thoughtful and immediate adjustment. The design constraints span from the number and type of intervention packages to the means of dissemination (vehicle) as well as the target population emphasized. As such, some low-cost high-impact interventions that were strongly desired by the community were overlooked, while others were inappropriately packed. The means of distribution - female health extension workers trained with basic prevention skills, were lacking essential skills. They also had high burnout rates and with little engagement with men, were repeatedly mentioned flaws of the program demanding revitalization. Furthermore, the sheer structure of HEP precluded adult and adolescent men, non-reproductive women, and the elderly. Conclusion: Despite significant gains over the last couple of months, Ethiopia's rural HEP appears to have reached a tipping point that requires a comprehensive revamp of the program package, means of distribution, and target beneficiaries rather than the "usual" tweaks to reap maximum benefits.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Ethiopia ; Health Promotion ; Rural Health ; Rural Population ; Women's Health ; Qualitative Research ; Longitudinal Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050434-2
ISSN	1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
ISSN	1472-6963
DOI	10.1186/s12913-023-10253-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Household, dietary and healthcare factors predicting childhood stunting in Ethiopia.

Ayelign, Abebe / Zerfu, Taddese

Heliyon

2021 Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) e06733

Abstract: Stunting, decidedly prevalent in Ethiopia, is a reduction of linear growth associated with a series of adverse consequences. However, little is known about its determinants and factors associated in Ethiopia and elsewhere. Therefore, this study aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Stunting, decidedly prevalent in Ethiopia, is a reduction of linear growth associated with a series of adverse consequences. However, little is known about its determinants and factors associated in Ethiopia and elsewhere. Therefore, this study aimed to determine major undelying factors associated with risk of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia. We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Heath Survey (EDHS) data and analysed a total of 11,023 children aged 0-59 months' data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were fitted to identify key predictors and factors associated with stunting. Results show that, household and demographic factors such as maternal education (AOR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.89), wealth index (AOR: 0.65 (0.54, 0.78), sex of child (AOR: 0.78 (0.72, 0.85), possession of refrigerator (AOR: 0.57 (0.36, 0.89), possession of television and others like twin birth, house main floor material, types of cooking fuel were significantly association with stunting. Among dietary factors, early initiation of breast feeding; feeding powdered or fresh milk (AOR: 0.63 (0.52, 0.76); formula feeding (AOR: 0.41 (0.21, 0.81); consumption of organ meat(s) (AOR: 0.52 (0.32, 0.85) and beta-carotene rich fruits and vegetables were significantly associated lower odds of stunting. Antenatal care (ANC) follow-up, deworming during pregnancy (AOR : 0.11 (0.02, 0.74), institutional delivery (AOR : 0.64 (0.58, 0.71) and birth size (AOR: 5.1 (1.64, 15.88) were among the health care factors associated with stunting of under-five children. In conclusion, stunting is modulated by several household, dietary and healthcare factors, both at household and community-level. Likewise; improving household income, women empowerment, dietary diversity among mothers and children and improving maternal health care system are critical to mitigate under-five stunting more rapidly.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06733
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: What could be the potential reasons for relatively low coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fatality rates in Africa? The case for Ethiopia.

Zerfu, Taddese Alemu / Tareke, Amare Abera

Journal of global health

2021 Volume 11, Page(s) 3057

MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Air Pollution/prevention & control ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/mortality ; Developing Countries ; Ethiopia ; Humans ; Non-Smokers ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-17
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2741629-X
ISSN	2047-2986 ; 2047-2986
ISSN (online)	2047-2986
ISSN	2047-2986
DOI	10.7189/jogh.11.03057
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Magnitude, Trends, and Determinants of Iodized Salt Availability among Households in Ethiopia: Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (2000-2016).

Tareke, Amare Abera / Zerfu, Taddese Alemu

Nutrition and metabolic insights

2021 Volume 14, Page(s) 11786388211025342

Abstract: Background: Iodine deficiency causes various health problems such as mental defects, goiter, reproductive damage, hypo and hyperthyroidism, stillbirth, abortion, congenital abnormalities, cretinism, mental retardation, muscle anomalies, and reduced work ...

Abstract	Background: Iodine deficiency causes various health problems such as mental defects, goiter, reproductive damage, hypo and hyperthyroidism, stillbirth, abortion, congenital abnormalities, cretinism, mental retardation, muscle anomalies, and reduced work output. Although the adverse effects on health and socio-economic development are well known, they persisted as a public health problem worldwide. Salt iodization is recommended as a simple cost-effective method to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. This study aimed to determine the magnitude, trends, and determinants of iodized salt availability in the household in Ethiopia. Methods: The current study used the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys conducted from 2000 to 2016 with a total of 57 939 households. Descriptive statistics were performed on selected background characteristics to provide an overall picture of the sample after considering sample weights. To ensure the representativeness of the sample we applied a complex sample design considering household weights, primary sampling units, and the strata associated with it. The Cochran-Armitage test was performed to assess the trend of iodized salt availability in the household. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between the dependent variable and independent variables. A significance level of .05 was chosen for all analyses. Results: The magnitude of iodized salt availability in the household was 28.45% in 2000, 54.34% in 2005, 15.42% in 2011, and 89.28% in 2016. Iodized salt availability increased from 28.45% [95% CI: 27.69-29.21] in 2000 to 89.28% [95% CI: 88.79-89.75] in 2016. Despite the decline from 2005 to 2011 in the percentage of households with iodized salt, overall, there was a significant increment from 2000 to 2016 in Ethiopia ( Conclusion: Remarkable progress has been made in Ethiopia regarding iodized salt availability in recent years. Besides the current efforts to achieve universal salt iodization, future interventions should prioritize specific groups like those with lower socioeconomic status and geographic areas with lower availability of iodized salt in the household.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2594646-8
ISSN	1178-6388
ISSN	1178-6388
DOI	10.1177/11786388211025342
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Article ; Online: Ownership of small livestock species, but not aggregate livestock, is associated with an increased risk of anemia among children in Ethiopia

Zerfu, Taddese Alemu / Abera, Amare / Duncan, Alan / Baltenweck, Isabelle / McNeill, Geraldine / Zerfu, Taddese

Food Science & Nutrition 11(9): 5157-5165

A propensity score matching analysis

2023

Abstract: Consumption of animal source foods, through livestock production, improves children's growth and micronutrient status. However, research on the relationship between livestock ownership and childhood anemia has produced conflicting results. The current ... ...

Abstract	Consumption of animal source foods, through livestock production, improves children's growth and micronutrient status. However, research on the relationship between livestock ownership and childhood anemia has produced conflicting results. The current study used robust analytical approaches to examine the effect of household livestock ownership on children's anemia using the most recent secondary data from the national demographic and health survey. We followed a 1:1 closest neighborhood propensity score matching analysis. A propensity score was generated using the binary logistic regression model to compute the probability of owning livestock. From a total of 18,008 households enrolled in the latest Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2016), data of 721 index children aged 6–59 months from households owning livestock were matched with a comparable number (721) of children from households without livestock. The paired and independent t-test, matched relative risk (RR), and standardized mean differences were used to compare the distributions of hemoglobin concentration and anemia risks between treatment and control groups. Anemia was found in more than half (54.1% and 58.8%) of children aged 6–59 months from livestock-owning and nonowning families, respectively (p > .05). Aggregate ownership of livestock was not associated with hemoglobin concentration or anemia status (RR = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [0.87–1.04]). Species-wise, poultry was associated with a lower (RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.84–0.95]) anemia risk, while ownership of goat/sheep was associated with higher (RR = 1.10, 95% CI [1.03–1.17]) risk. In conclusion, ownership of small livestock species (sheep/goats and poultry), but not aggregate livestock ownership, was associated with the risk of anemia among children in Ethiopia. Therefore, agriculture-sensitive nutrition, with a One Health lens approach, is recommended to mitigate the high burden of anemia among children in Ethiopia. In the future, a well-controlled interventional ...
Keywords	ETHIOPIA ; EAST AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; AFRICA ; agriculture ; anaemia ; animal source foods ; children ; growth ; livestock ; micronutrient deficiencies ; nutrition ; research methods ; surveys
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publisher	John Wiley & Sons
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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