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  1. Article: Genes that escape from X-chromosome inactivation and sexual dimorphism of systemic lupus erythematosus.

    Qian, Ma / Shao-Lan, Zhou / Jie, Dang / Zheng-Hao, Huo / Zhan-Bing, Ma

    Yi chuan = Hereditas

    2024  Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–33

    Abstract: X chromosome inactivation can balance the effects of the two X chromosomes in females, and emerging evidence indicates that numerous genes on the inactivated X chromosome have the potential to evade inactivation. The mechanisms of escape include ... ...

    Abstract X chromosome inactivation can balance the effects of the two X chromosomes in females, and emerging evidence indicates that numerous genes on the inactivated X chromosome have the potential to evade inactivation. The mechanisms of escape include modification of DNA, RNA, histone, epitope, and various regulatory proteins, as well as the spatial structure of chromatin. The study of X chromosome inactivation escape has paved the way for investigating sex dimorphism in human diseases, particularly autoimmune diseases. It has been demonstrated that the presence of TLR7, CD40L, IRAK-1, CXCR3, and CXorf21 significantly contributes to the prevalence of SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) in females. This article mainly reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying these genes that escape from X-chromosome inactivation and sexual dimorphism of systemic lupus erythematosus. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in SLE is not only crucial for diagnosing and treating the disease, but also holds theoretical significance in comprehensively understanding the development and regulatory mechanisms of the human immune system.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; X Chromosome Inactivation/genetics ; Sex Characteristics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Immune System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0253-9772
    ISSN 0253-9772
    DOI 10.16288/j.yczz.23-214
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Digit ratio (2D:4D) in Chinese women with breast cancer.

    Hong, Lu / Zhan-Bing, Ma / Zhi-Yun, Shi / Xiao-Xia, Song / Jun-Li, Zhao / Zheng-Hao, Huo

    American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council

    2014  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 562–564

    Abstract: Objectives: Digit ratio, especially second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is established in utero and is positively correlated with oestrogen in men and women. It is a putative biomarker for prenatal hormone exposure and may represent an individual ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Digit ratio, especially second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is established in utero and is positively correlated with oestrogen in men and women. It is a putative biomarker for prenatal hormone exposure and may represent an individual predisposition to certain diseases (e.g., breast cancer). The aim of the present study is to investigate whether there is a link between digit ratio (2D:4D) and breast cancer in Chinese populations.
    Methods: The controls we chose were healthy subjects-age and -sex matched to the patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Photocopies of the two hands of 218 women (controls: 109; patients: 109) were collected. Left hand, right hand, mean hand, and right minus left 2D:4D (Dr-l ) were analyzed.
    Results: The patients with breast cancer presented significantly higher 2D:4D than controls (left: P < 0.01; right: P < 0.05; mean: P < 0.05). The mean values of 2D:4D on the left hand were significantly higher than those on the right hand in the two groups, respectively (controls: P < 0.05; patients: P ≤ 0.01). In patients, there was a significantly negative correlation between 2D:4D (left hand: P < 0.01; right hand, mean: P < 0.05) and the presented age with breast cancer, but no association between Dr-l and age of presented disease.
    Conclusions: Digit ratio (2D:4D) may correlate with the increased risk of breast cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anthropometry ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; China/epidemiology ; Female ; Fingers/anatomy & histology ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1025339-7
    ISSN 1520-6300 ; 1042-0533
    ISSN (online) 1520-6300
    ISSN 1042-0533
    DOI 10.1002/ajhb.22546
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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