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  1. Article ; Online: Learnable Topological Features for Phylogenetic Inference via Graph Neural Networks.

    Zhang, Cheng

    ArXiv

    2023  

    Abstract: Structural information of phylogenetic tree topologies plays an important role in phylogenetic inference. However, finding appropriate topological structures for specific phylogenetic inference tasks often requires significant design effort and domain ... ...

    Abstract Structural information of phylogenetic tree topologies plays an important role in phylogenetic inference. However, finding appropriate topological structures for specific phylogenetic inference tasks often requires significant design effort and domain expertise. In this paper, we propose a novel structural representation method for phylogenetic inference based on learnable topological features. By combining the raw node features that minimize the Dirichlet energy with modern graph representation learning techniques, our learnable topological features can provide efficient structural information of phylogenetic trees that automatically adapts to different downstream tasks without requiring domain expertise. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method on a simulated data tree probability estimation task and a benchmark of challenging real data variational Bayesian phylogenetic inference problems.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    ISSN 2331-8422
    ISSN (online) 2331-8422
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Fluorine in Medicinal Chemistry: In Perspective to COVID-19.

    Zhang, Cheng

    ACS omega

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 22, Page(s) 18206–18212

    Abstract: Over two years into the outbreak of COVID-19, the quest for effective and economical drugs has become starkly clear to reduce the risk of progression of coronavirus disease. A number of drugs have been investigated, and they can be taken orally at home ... ...

    Abstract Over two years into the outbreak of COVID-19, the quest for effective and economical drugs has become starkly clear to reduce the risk of progression of coronavirus disease. A number of drugs have been investigated, and they can be taken orally at home and be used after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or at the first sign of COVID-19. Fluorinated oral anti-COVID-19 drugs-including Paxlovid, the first oral tablet for the treatment of COVID-19-constitute an important subgroup. Fluorine has been widely used in the pharmaceutical market and can lead to improved selectivity indices, increased lipophilicity, greater metabolic stability, and improved anti-COVID-19 efficacy. In this mini-review, we will give an update on fluorinated anti-COVID-19 drugs by providing the key information and current knowledge of these drugs, including their molecular design, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, and mechanism of action.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2470-1343
    ISSN (online) 2470-1343
    DOI 10.1021/acsomega.2c01121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Online: Learnable Topological Features for Phylogenetic Inference via Graph Neural Networks

    Zhang, Cheng

    2023  

    Abstract: Structural information of phylogenetic tree topologies plays an important role in phylogenetic inference. However, finding appropriate topological structures for specific phylogenetic inference tasks often requires significant design effort and domain ... ...

    Abstract Structural information of phylogenetic tree topologies plays an important role in phylogenetic inference. However, finding appropriate topological structures for specific phylogenetic inference tasks often requires significant design effort and domain expertise. In this paper, we propose a novel structural representation method for phylogenetic inference based on learnable topological features. By combining the raw node features that minimize the Dirichlet energy with modern graph representation learning techniques, our learnable topological features can provide efficient structural information of phylogenetic trees that automatically adapts to different downstream tasks without requiring domain expertise. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method on a simulated data tree probability estimation task and a benchmark of challenging real data variational Bayesian phylogenetic inference problems.

    Comment: ICLR 2023
    Keywords Statistics - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-02-17
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Book ; Online: Automatic Generation of Multiple-Choice Questions

    Zhang, Cheng

    2023  

    Abstract: Creating multiple-choice questions to assess reading comprehension of a given article involves generating question-answer pairs (QAPs) and adequate distractors. We present two methods to tackle the challenge of QAP generations: (1) A deep-learning-based ... ...

    Abstract Creating multiple-choice questions to assess reading comprehension of a given article involves generating question-answer pairs (QAPs) and adequate distractors. We present two methods to tackle the challenge of QAP generations: (1) A deep-learning-based end-to-end question generation system based on T5 Transformer with Preprocessing and Postprocessing Pipelines (TP3). We use the finetuned T5 model for our downstream task of question generation and improve accuracy using a combination of various NLP tools and algorithms in preprocessing and postprocessing to select appropriate answers and filter undesirable questions. (2) A sequence-learning-based scheme to generate adequate QAPs via meta-sequence representations of sentences. A meta-sequence is a sequence of vectors comprising semantic and syntactic tags. we devise a scheme called MetaQA to learn meta sequences from training data to form pairs of a meta sequence for a declarative sentence and a corresponding interrogative sentence. The TP3 works well on unseen data, which is complemented by MetaQA. Both methods can generate well-formed and grammatically correct questions. Moreover, we present a novel approach to automatically generate adequate distractors for a given QAP. The method is a combination of part-of-speech tagging, named-entity tagging, semantic-role labeling, regular expressions, domain knowledge bases, word embeddings, word edit distance, WordNet, and other algorithms.

    Comment: thesis
    Keywords Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2023-03-25
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: An old player, the right niche.

    Zhang, Cheng Cheng

    Blood science (Baltimore, Md.)

    2022  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) 99

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2543-6368
    ISSN (online) 2543-6368
    DOI 10.1097/BS9.0000000000000105
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A perspective on LILRBs and LAIR1 as immune checkpoint targets for cancer treatment.

    Zhang, Cheng Cheng

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    2022  Volume 633, Page(s) 64–67

    Abstract: Immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment inhibit anti-tumor immunity and support tumor development. The leukocyte Ig-like receptor subfamily B (LILRB) proteins and the related receptor LAIR1 are immune checkpoint receptors that ... ...

    Abstract Immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment inhibit anti-tumor immunity and support tumor development. The leukocyte Ig-like receptor subfamily B (LILRB) proteins and the related receptor LAIR1 are immune checkpoint receptors that support the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid cells. All LILRBs and LAIR1 have intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs in their signaling domains, but the individual proteins have different functions. The determinants of the distinct functions of these inhibitory receptors likely rest in their interactions with different ligands and other surface proteins, characteristic signaling domains, and expression dynamics in different cell types regulated by various extrinsic cues and transcription factors. Significant advancement of immuno-oncology therapeutic products based on targeting or reprogramming of LILRB- and LAIR1-mediated signaling is anticipated.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Leukocytes/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Immunologic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book ; Online ; Thesis: The role of PAR1 in the progression of bladder cancer

    Zhang, Cheng [Verfasser]

    2023  

    Author's details Cheng Zhang
    Keywords Medizin, Gesundheit ; Medicine, Health
    Subject code sg610
    Language English
    Publisher Universität Ulm
    Publishing place Ulm
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
    Database Digital theses on the web

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  8. Article ; Online: No pains, no gains: how chromosome fragmentation promotes gene amplification.

    Zhang, Cheng-Zhong

    Molecular cell

    2021  Volume 81, Issue 5, Page(s) 901–904

    Abstract: Combining live-cell imaging, cytogenetics, genome sequencing, and in vitro evolution, Shoshani et al. (2020) revealed deep connections between chromothripsis, the catastrophic shattering of a chromosome in abnormal nuclear structures, and gene ... ...

    Abstract Combining live-cell imaging, cytogenetics, genome sequencing, and in vitro evolution, Shoshani et al. (2020) revealed deep connections between chromothripsis, the catastrophic shattering of a chromosome in abnormal nuclear structures, and gene amplification, a frequent culprit of oncogenic activation.
    MeSH term(s) Chromosomes/genetics ; Chromothripsis ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Neoplasms/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1415236-8
    ISSN 1097-4164 ; 1097-2765
    ISSN (online) 1097-4164
    ISSN 1097-2765
    DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.02.018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: The Influence of Social Support on the Mental Health of Elderly Individuals in Healthy Communities with the Framework of Mental Toughness.

    Zhang, Cheng / Dong, Caisheng

    Psychology research and behavior management

    2023  Volume 16, Page(s) 2977–2988

    Abstract: Introduction: This work aims to explore the impacts of social support measures such as analyzing greening urban spaces and improving greenspace quality on the mental health of the elderly based on the mental resilience framework to build a healthy ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: This work aims to explore the impacts of social support measures such as analyzing greening urban spaces and improving greenspace quality on the mental health of the elderly based on the mental resilience framework to build a healthy community.
    Methods: Through literature research and a questionnaire survey, this study designs a questionnaire including basic information, a life satisfaction scale, a positive and negative emotion scale, social support rating scale, a life orientation test-revised version, and psychological resilience scale. In order to classify the scales, machine learning (ML) approaches are applied in this work.
    Results: The results demonstrate great variations in the scores of the elderly with various health problems in the domain of psychological resilience (p<0.001). Social support and subjective well-being are strongly related (p<0.001). Additionally, positive correlations are observed among perceived, objective, and support use (p<0.001).
    Conclusion: Finally, it is found that psychological resilience and social support play a significant role in mediating mental health problems in elderly individuals. Therefore, social support measures such as analyzing greening urban spaces and improving greenspace quality can be adopted to improve the mental health of the elderly to build healthy communities. On this basis, this work is of certain reference value and practical significance for the construction of healthy communities and the positive influence on the mental health of elderly individuals.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-04
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2495093-2
    ISSN 1179-1578
    ISSN 1179-1578
    DOI 10.2147/PRBM.S413901
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Prevention and control of ship-source pollution in the Arctic shipping routes: challenges and countermeasures.

    Zhang, Cheng / Yang, Jia-Qi

    Environmental science and pollution research international

    2023  

    Abstract: Ship-source pollution is one of the important contributors to marine environment pollution. Because the legal status of the Arctic shipping routes is not clear, there is a considerable degree of dispute in the application of the rules on the prevention ... ...

    Abstract Ship-source pollution is one of the important contributors to marine environment pollution. Because the legal status of the Arctic shipping routes is not clear, there is a considerable degree of dispute in the application of the rules on the prevention and control of ship-source pollution. The increased melting of sea ice undermines the legal legitimacy of the "ice-covered areas" clause under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The conflict between the application of the Polar Code and "ice-covered areas" will also reach an initial conclusion in the context of melting sea ice. However, the inadequacy of ship-source pollution rules in the Polar Code hampers its application, which has led to a negative impact on the more active role in the governance of pollution from Arctic shipping. For replying to the Challenges in the prevention of ship-source pollution in Arctic shipping routes, the relevant rules of the Polar Code need to be further improved, while a more binding HFO ban according to ship types needs to be applied. Therefore, a more important role in the future Arctic governance mechanism will be played by the enhanced enforcement of the Polar Code, meanwhile, the target for uniform international regulation of preventing and controlling ship-source pollution in Arctic shipping routes should be achieved.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-18
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-023-30817-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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