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  1. Book ; Online: Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering

    Zhao, Enjin / Mu, Lin / Qin, Hao

    2023  

    Keywords Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Marine science ; Ocean Engineering ; Marine geology ; Marine environment
    Language English
    Size 1 electronic resource (288 pages)
    Publisher MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publishing place Basel
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English
    HBZ-ID HT030382007
    ISBN 9783036582092 ; 3036582096
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article: Influence of distribution characteristics of residual DNAPL on mass transfer in porous media under ethanol co-solvent flushing

    Yang, Panrui / Guo, Huirong / Wang, Zhe / Zhao, Enjin

    Journal of hydrology. 2022 July, v. 610

    2022  

    Abstract: The remediation of residual dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) enhanced by co-solvents or surfactants has been investigated in many studies. Nevertheless, the influences of the residual DNAPL distribution characteristics in a porous medium, and the ... ...

    Abstract The remediation of residual dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) enhanced by co-solvents or surfactants has been investigated in many studies. Nevertheless, the influences of the residual DNAPL distribution characteristics in a porous medium, and the concentrations of the co-solvents or surfactants on the mass transfer rate of DNAPL remain relatively unexplored. For this reason, existing empirical models neglect the effects of the heterogeneity in the distribution of residual DNAPL, and the compositions of flushing floods on the DNAPL mass transfer rate. In this work, a two-dimensional micro-model is used to quantify the lumped mass transfer rate coefficients of PCE. Results show that increasing the injection rate and the ethanol concentration of flushing floods improves the mass transfer rate of PCE. Moreover, this micro-model allows for accurate quantification of variations in morphological characteristics of PCE blobs. The relative standard deviation σ of residual PCE saturation, as an indicator of morphological characteristics of PCE blobs, varies with decreasing saturation. Standard saturation S₀ is used to represent the heterogeneity of residual PCE distribution. The more heterogeneous the PCE distribution, the larger the S₀, and the slower the mass transfer rate. According to the variation of relative standard deviation σ with saturation, the PCE dissolution process can be divided into three stages, where the strong convection, weak convection, and diffusion within a limited distance are the primary controlling mechanisms for PCE mass transfer, respectively. Based on our study, a new empirical model, considering the distribution characteristics of residual PCE and the ethanol concentrations, is proposed to predict the PCE mass transfer process dominated by different mass transfer mechanisms in different dissolution stages.
    Keywords convection ; dense nonaqueous phase liquids ; empirical models ; ethanol ; mass transfer ; porous media ; remediation ; standard deviation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-07
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1473173-3
    ISSN 1879-2707 ; 0022-1694
    ISSN (online) 1879-2707
    ISSN 0022-1694
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127932
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: An innovative coupling technique for integrating oil spill prediction model with finite volume method-based ocean model.

    Liu, Darong / Mu, Lin / Ha, Si / Wang, Si / Zhao, Enjin

    Marine pollution bulletin

    2022  Volume 185, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 114242

    Abstract: Marine oil spill pollution have increased recent years, threatening the safety of the marine environment. This paper proposes a coupling technique: Fast Mapping & Addressing(FMA) that integrates the oil spill model with oceanographic model. The FMA ... ...

    Abstract Marine oil spill pollution have increased recent years, threatening the safety of the marine environment. This paper proposes a coupling technique: Fast Mapping & Addressing(FMA) that integrates the oil spill model with oceanographic model. The FMA technique is based on hash function and spatial quadtree algorithm to achieve efficient addressing from an unstructured to a structured grid. The oil spill model simulates the oil spill process, while the ocean model simulates the ocean currents. The efficiency is improved about ten times compared to the interpolation algorithm. Results reveal the difference between the simulation results of the ocean model and the measured data is minimal, with an MAE(Mean Absolute Error) and RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) of about 0.06 m. Moreover, two oil spill events in China's nearshore were selected to simulate and verify the results. Indeed, our model's results agree with the observed data, demonstrating that our model can achieve a satisfied simulation of oil spill.
    MeSH term(s) Petroleum Pollution/analysis ; Environmental Pollution ; Computer Simulation ; Algorithms ; Oceans and Seas
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2001296-2
    ISSN 1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
    ISSN (online) 1879-3363
    ISSN 0025-326X
    DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114242
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Hydro-geomorphological regime of the lower Yellow river and delta in response to the water–sediment regulation scheme: Process, mechanism and implication

    Wang, Junjie / Shi, Bing / Yuan, Qingyun / Zhao, Enjin / Bai, Tao / Yang, Shaopeng

    Catena. 2022 Dec., v. 219

    2022  

    Abstract: The water and sediment regulation schemes (WSRS) orientated by dams have profoundly adjusted the hydrological process and geomorphological evolution of the lower Yellow River and delta. Two decades since the implementation of WSRS, the observed ... ...

    Abstract The water and sediment regulation schemes (WSRS) orientated by dams have profoundly adjusted the hydrological process and geomorphological evolution of the lower Yellow River and delta. Two decades since the implementation of WSRS, the observed multidisciplinary datasets allowed us to systematically evaluate the impacts of this unprecedented engineering effort on the river-coastal system. The sediment fluxes transported to the sea showed a notable rebounded and coarsened process due to the erosion of the riverbed during the WSRS periods. The average median grain size of suspended sediment increased from 17.7 μm in the 1990 s to 26 μm in 2002–2009. The natural rhythm of hydrological process is fundamentally altered by WSRS, about 50% and 30% of annual sediments and water delivered to the sea for only 20 days. The water discharge system is more temporally dynamic and complex with higher dimensionality after the operation of WSRS. The erosion pattern has been a dominant feature in all the channel segments downstream the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, with an average total erosion volume of 1.02 × 10⁸ m³/a after the WSRS. However, the erosion efficiency of the lower river showed a decreased trend, due to the riverbed had formed a coarse armored substrate for the continued scouring since 2002. The YRD has changed from the pattern of erosion to progradation for the increase of sediment supply, and the average growth rate of subaerial delta was about 6.89 km²/a during 2003–2014. The lessons learned from the operation of WSRS may provide a valuable reference for the management of global large river systems.
    Keywords catenas ; data collection ; geomorphology ; rivers ; sediments ; stream channels ; suspended sediment ; Yellow River
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-12
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 519608-5
    ISSN 1872-6887 ; 0008-7769 ; 0341-8162
    ISSN (online) 1872-6887 ; 0008-7769
    ISSN 0341-8162
    DOI 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106646
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: The long-term spatial and temporal variations of sediment loads and their causes of the Yellow River Basin

    Wang, Junjie / Shi, Bing / Zhao, Enjin / Yuan, Qingyun / Chen, Xuguang

    Catena. 2022 Feb., v. 209

    2022  

    Abstract: The erosion, deposition and transport processes of sediment alter the basin surface environment, and affect the function and structure of ecosystems. The sediment loads showed a significant decreased trend under the impacts of climate changes and human ... ...

    Abstract The erosion, deposition and transport processes of sediment alter the basin surface environment, and affect the function and structure of ecosystems. The sediment loads showed a significant decreased trend under the impacts of climate changes and human activities in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). Understanding the sediment transport patterns and causes is a prerequisite of sediment management and ecological restoration of the river basins. This study explored the sediment long-term fluctuation characteristics and the influences of various driving factors on the sediment variations based on the sediment loads data from the source region to the delta of the YRB. We found that the sediment fluxes showed a significant decreasing trend in the mainstream and tributaries of the YRB. The average sediment loads of the upper basin decreased to 42.88 ± 26.14 Mt/yr in 2000–2019, which is less than 30% of the average value recorded before 1968. Compared with 1950–1968, the sediment loads in the middle and lower reaches decreased by approximately 88% and 89% from 2000 to 2019, respectively. In addition, the middle reaches of the Yellow River (YR) is in a persistent degradation state prior to 2000, the source-to-sink relationships of sediment downstream the Huayuankou station are changing frequently due to the operation of Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs. According to the sediment rating curves (SRCs), the sediment transport regimes have changed at time scale along the mainstream of the YR in recent three decades. Moreover, the human activities (reservoir constructions, water-soil conservation, etc.) are the dominant factors for explaining the progressively reduction trend of sediment loads, the contributions of human activities to sediment reduction was approximately 93% in recent two decades in the YRB. Precipitation and temperature are the predominant meteorological factors affecting sediment variations, and ENSO is the dominant teleconnection pattern for explaining the multiscale characteristics of sediment loads in the lower reaches of the YRB. The findings of this study could provide effective reference for the ecological restoration and sediment management of the YRB.
    Keywords basins ; catenas ; climate ; ecological restoration ; humans ; rivers ; sediment transport ; sediments ; temperature ; watersheds ; Yellow River
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-02
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 519608-5
    ISSN 1872-6887 ; 0008-7769 ; 0341-8162
    ISSN (online) 1872-6887 ; 0008-7769
    ISSN 0341-8162
    DOI 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105850
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Synergistic effects of multiple driving factors on the runoff variations in the Yellow River Basin, China

    Wang, Junjie / Shi, Bing / Zhao, Enjin / Chen, Xuguang / Yang, Shaopeng

    Journal of Arid Land. 2021 Aug., v. 13, no. 8

    2021  

    Abstract: River runoff plays an important role in watershed ecosystems and human survival, and it is controlled by multiple environmental factors. However, the synergistic effects of various large-scale circulation factors and meteorological factors on the runoff ... ...

    Abstract River runoff plays an important role in watershed ecosystems and human survival, and it is controlled by multiple environmental factors. However, the synergistic effects of various large-scale circulation factors and meteorological factors on the runoff on different time-frequency scales have rarely been explored. In light of this, the underlying mechanism of the synergistic effects of the different environmental factors on the runoff variations was investigated in the Yellow River Basin of China during the period 1950–2019 using the bivariate wavelet coherence (WTC) and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC) methods. First, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method was used to analyze the multiscale characteristics of the runoff. The results of the CWT indicate that the runoff exhibited significant continuous or discontinuous annual and semiannual oscillations during the study period. Scattered inter-annual time scales were also observed for the runoff in the Yellow River Basin. The meteorological factors better explained the runoff variations on seasonal and annual time scales. The average wavelet coherence (AWC) and the percent area of the significant coherence (PASC) between the runoff and individual meteorological factors were 0.454 and 19.89%, respectively. The circulation factors mainly regulated the runoff on the inter-annual and decadal time scales with more complicated phase relationships due to their indirect effects on the runoff. The AWC and PASC between the runoff and individual circulation factors were 0.359 and 7.31%, respectively. The MWC analysis revealed that the synergistic effects of multiple factors should be taken into consideration to explain the multiscale characteristic variations of the runoff. The AWC or MWC ranges were 0.320–0.560, 0.617–0.755, and 0.819–0.884 for the combinations of one, two, and three circulation and meteorological factors, respectively. The PASC ranges were 3.53%–33.77%, 12.93%–36.90%, and 20.67%–39.34% for the combinations one, two, and three driving factors, respectively. The combinations of precipitation, evapotranspiration (or the number of rainy days), and the Arctic Oscillation performed well in explaining the variability in the runoff on all time scales, and the average MWC and PASC were 0.847 and 28.79%, respectively. These findings are of great significance for improving our understanding of hydro-climate interactions and water resources prediction in the Yellow River Basin.
    Keywords arid lands ; evapotranspiration ; humans ; prediction ; rivers ; runoff ; watersheds ; wavelet ; Arctic region ; China ; Yellow River
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-08
    Size p. 835-857.
    Publishing place Science Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2730950-2
    ISSN 1674-6767
    ISSN 1674-6767
    DOI 10.1007/s40333-021-0078-1
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Quantitative risk assessment of storm surge using GIS techniques and open data: A case study of Daya Bay Zone, China.

    Wang, Si / Mu, Lin / Qi, Mengnan / Yu, Zekun / Yao, Zhenfeng / Zhao, Enjin

    Journal of environmental management

    2021  Volume 289, Page(s) 112514

    Abstract: Storm surge is a natural disaster, often causing economic damage and loss of human life in the coastal communities. In recent decades, with more people attracted to coastal areas, the potential economic losses resulted from storm surges are increasing. ... ...

    Abstract Storm surge is a natural disaster, often causing economic damage and loss of human life in the coastal communities. In recent decades, with more people attracted to coastal areas, the potential economic losses resulted from storm surges are increasing. Therefore, it is important to make risk assessments to identify areas at risk and design risk reduction strategies. However, the quantitative risk assessment of storm surge for coastal cities in China is often difficult due to the lack of adequate data regarding the building footprint and vulnerability curves. This paper aims to provide a methodology for conducting the quantitative risk assessment of storm surge, estimating direct tangible damage, by using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques and open data. The proposed methodology was applied to a coastal area with a high concentration of petroleum industries in the Daya Bay zone. At first, five individual typhoon scenarios with different return periods (1000, 100, 50, 20, and 10 years) were defined. Then, the Advanced Circulation model and the Simulating Waves Nearshore model were utilized to simulate storm surge. The model outputs were imported into GIS software, transformed into inundation area and inundation depth. Subsequently, the building footprint data were extracted by the use of GIS techniques, including spatial analysis and image analysis. The layer containing building footprints was superimposed on the inundation area layer to identify and quantify the exposed elements to storm surge hazard. Combining the exposed elements with their related depth-damage functions, the quantitative risk assessment translates the spatial extent and depth of storm surge into the estimation of economic losses. The quantitative risk assessment and zonation maps for sub-zones in the study area can help local decision-makers to prioritize the sub-zones that are more likely to be affected by storm surge, make risk mitigation strategies, and develop long-term urban plans.
    MeSH term(s) Bays ; China ; Cities ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans ; Risk Assessment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184882-3
    ISSN 1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
    ISSN (online) 1095-8630
    ISSN 0301-4797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112514
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Numerical Study of the Influence of Tidal Current on Submarine Pipeline Based on the SIFOM–FVCOM Coupling Model

    Zhao, Enjin / Mu, Lin / Shi, Bing

    Water. 2018 Dec. 10, v. 10, no. 12

    2018  

    Abstract: The interaction between coastal ocean flows and the submarine pipeline involved with distinct physical phenomena occurring at a vast range of spatial and temporal scales has always been an important research subject. In this article, the hydrodynamic ... ...

    Abstract The interaction between coastal ocean flows and the submarine pipeline involved with distinct physical phenomena occurring at a vast range of spatial and temporal scales has always been an important research subject. In this article, the hydrodynamic forces on the submarine pipeline and the characteristics of tidal flows around the pipeline are studied depending on a high-fidelity multi-physics modeling system (SIFOM–FVCOM), which is an integration of the Solver for Incompressible Flow on the Overset Meshes (SIFOM) and the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The interactions between coastal ocean flows and the submarine pipeline are numerically simulated in a channel flume, the results of which show that the hydrodynamic forces on the pipeline increase with the increase of tidal amplitude and the decrease of water depth. Additionally, when scour happens under the pipeline, the numerical simulation of the suspended pipeline is also carried out, showing that the maximum horizontal hydrodynamic forces on the pipeline reduce and the vertical hydrodynamic forces grow with the increase of the scour depth. According to the results of the simulations in this study, an empirical formula for estimating the hydrodynamic forces on the submarine pipeline caused by coastal ocean flows is given, which might be useful in engineering problems. The results of the study also reveal the basic features of flow structures around the submarine pipeline and its hydrodynamic forces caused by tidal flows, which contributes to the design of submarine pipelines.
    Keywords hydraulic flumes ; hydrodynamics ; mathematical models ; physical phenomena ; pipelines ; porous media ; tides
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-1210
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2521238-2
    ISSN 2073-4441
    ISSN 2073-4441
    DOI 10.3390/w10121814
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Numerical Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submarine Pipelines under the Impact of Real-World Tsunami-Like Waves

    Zhao, Enjin / Kraatz, Simon / Mu, Lin / Qu, Ke / Shi, Bing

    Water. 2019 Jan. 29, v. 11, no. 2

    2019  

    Abstract: Submarine pipelines have been extensively used for marine oil and gas extraction due to their high efficiency, safety, and low price. However, submarine pipelines are vulnerable to extreme waves (i.e., tsunami waves). Previous research has often used ... ...

    Abstract Submarine pipelines have been extensively used for marine oil and gas extraction due to their high efficiency, safety, and low price. However, submarine pipelines are vulnerable to extreme waves (i.e., tsunami waves). Previous research has often used solitary waves as a basis for studying the impacts of tsunami waves on submarine pipelines, although the hydrodynamic characteristics and wave properties drastically differ from those of real-world tsunami waves. This paper numerically investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of tsunami waves interacting with submarine pipelines, but instead uses an improved wave model to generate a tsunami-like wave that more closely resembles those encountered in the real-world. The tsunami-like wave generated based on a real-world tsunami wave profile recorded during a 2011 tsunami in Japan has been applied. Given the same wave height, simulation results show that peak hydrodynamic forces of the tsunami-like wave are greater than those of the solitary wave. Meanwhile, the duration of the acting force under the tsunami-like wave is much longer than that of the solitary wave. These findings underline the basic reasons for the destructive power of tsunamis. It is also noted that the hydrodynamic forces of the pipeline under the tsunami-like wave increase with wave height, but will decrease as water depth increases. In addition to the single pipeline, the complicated hydrodynamic characteristics of pipelines in tandem arrangement have been also numerically studied. It is believed that the findings drawn from this paper can enhance our understanding of the induced forces on submarine pipelines under extreme tsunami waves.
    Keywords hydrodynamics ; models ; oils ; pipelines ; prices ; tsunamis ; Japan
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0129
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2521238-2
    ISSN 2073-4441
    ISSN 2073-4441
    DOI 10.3390/w11020221
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Book ; Online: Assessing and zoning of typhoon storm surge risk with GIS technique

    Wang, Si / Mu, Lin / Yao, Zhenfeng / Gao, Jia / Zhao, Enjin

    eISSN: 1684-9981

    A case study of the coastal area of Huizhou

    2020  

    Abstract: Storm surge is one of the most destructive marine disasters to life and property for Chinese coastal regions, especially for Guangdong province. In Huizhou city, Guangdong province, due to the high concentration of chemical and petroleum industries and ... ...

    Abstract Storm surge is one of the most destructive marine disasters to life and property for Chinese coastal regions, especially for Guangdong province. In Huizhou city, Guangdong province, due to the high concentration of chemical and petroleum industries and the high population density, the low-lying coastal area is susceptible to the storm surge. Therefore, a comprehensive risk assessment of storm surge over the coastal area of Huizhou can delimit zones that could be affected to reduce disaster losses. In this paper, typhoon intensity for the minimum central pressure of 880 hPa, 910 hPa, 920 hPa, 930 hPa, and 940 hPa (corresponding to 1000-year, 100-year, 50-year, 20-year, and 10-year return period) scenarios were designed to cover possible situations. The Jelesnianski method and the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model coupled with the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model were utilized to simulate inundation extents and depths of storm surge over the computational domain under these representative scenarios. Subsequently, the output data from the coupled simulation model (ADCIRC–SWAN) were imported to Geographical Information System (GIS) software to conduct the hazard assessment for each of the designed scenarios. Then, the vulnerability assessment was made based on the dataset of land cover types in the coastal region. Consequently, the potential storm surge risk maps for the designed scenarios were produced by combining hazard assessment and vulnerability assessment with the risk matrix approach. The risk maps indicate that due to the protection given by storm surge barriers, only a small proportion of the petrochemical industrial zone and the densely populated communities in the coastal areas were at risk of storm surge for the scenarios of 10-year and 20-year return period typhoon intensity. Moreover, some parts of the exposed zone and densely populated communities were subject to high and very high risk when typhoon intensities were set to a 50-year or a 100-year return period. Besides, the scenario with the most intense typhoon (1000-year return period) induced the very high risk to the coastal area of Huizhou. Accordingly, the risk maps can help decision-makers to develop risk response plans and evacuation strategies in coastal communities with the high population density to minimize civilian casualties. The risk analysis can also be utilized to identify the risk zones with the high concentration of chemical and petroleum industries to reduce economic losses and prevent environmental damage caused by the chemical pollutants and oil spills from petroleum facilities and infrastructures that could be affected by storm surge.
    Subject code 910
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-12
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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