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Article: Brain organoid protocols and limitations.

Zhao, Helen H / Haddad, Gabriel

2024 Volume 18, Page(s) 1351734

Abstract: Stem cell-derived organoid technology is a powerful tool that revolutionizes the field of biomedical research and extends the scope of our understanding of human biology and diseases. Brain organoids especially open an opportunity for human brain ... ...

Abstract	Stem cell-derived organoid technology is a powerful tool that revolutionizes the field of biomedical research and extends the scope of our understanding of human biology and diseases. Brain organoids especially open an opportunity for human brain research and modeling many human neurological diseases, which have lagged due to the inaccessibility of human brain samples and lack of similarity with other animal models. Brain organoids can be generated through various protocols and mimic whole brain or region-specific. To provide an overview of brain organoid technology, we summarize currently available protocols and list several factors to consider before choosing protocols. We also outline the limitations of current protocols and challenges that need to be solved in future investigation of brain development and pathobiology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452963-1
ISSN	1662-5102
ISSN	1662-5102
DOI	10.3389/fncel.2024.1351734
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Article: Modeling Input Factors in Second Language Acquisition of the English Article Construction.

Zhao, Helen / Fan, Jason

Frontiers in psychology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 653258

Abstract: Based on the Competition Model, the current study investigated how cue availability and cue reliability as two important input factors influenced second language (L2) learners' cue learning of the English article construction. Written corpus data of ... ...

Abstract	Based on the Competition Model, the current study investigated how cue availability and cue reliability as two important input factors influenced second language (L2) learners' cue learning of the English article construction. Written corpus data of university-level Chinese-L1 learners of English were sampled for a comparison of English majors and non-English majors who demonstrated two levels of L2 competence in English article usage. The path model analysis in structural equation modeling was utilized to investigate the relationship between the input factors and L2 usage (frequency and accuracy of article cue production). The findings contribute novel and scarce empirical evidence that confirms a central claim of the Competition Model, i.e., the changing importance of cue availability and cue reliability in the frequency and accuracy of production. Cue availability was found to determine L2 production frequency regardless of level of L2 competence. Cue reliability was the input factor that differentiated competence levels. When learners stayed at a relatively lower L2 proficiency, cue reliability played an important role in influencing L2 frequency of usage rather than accuracy of usage. When learners developed increased exposure to and stronger competence in the target language, cue reliability played a significant role in determining learners' success of cue learning. The study is methodologically innovative and expands the empirical applicability of the Competition Model to the domain of second language production and construction learning.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653258
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Article ; Online: Why "sex as a biological variable" conflicts with precision medicine initiatives.

DiMarco, Marina / Zhao, Helen / Boulicault, Marion / Richardson, Sarah S

Cell reports. Medicine

2022 Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 100550

Abstract: Policies that require male-female sex comparisons in all areas of biomedical research conflict with the goal of improving health outcomes through context-sensitive individualization of medical care. Sex, like race, requires a rigorous, contextual ... ...

Abstract	Policies that require male-female sex comparisons in all areas of biomedical research conflict with the goal of improving health outcomes through context-sensitive individualization of medical care. Sex, like race, requires a rigorous, contextual approach in precision medicine. A "sex contextualist" approach to gender-inclusive medicine better aligns with this aim.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Biomedical Research ; Gender Identity ; Policy ; Precision Medicine
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	News
ISSN	2666-3791
ISSN (online)	2666-3791
DOI	10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100550
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Article: Sonographic evaluation of leprosy of ulnar nerve.

Zhao, Helen / Nepal, Pankaj / Alam, Syed I

Radiology case reports

2021 Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) 1057–1060

Abstract: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium Leprae that predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. The disease is prevalent in developing countries of Asia and Africa, with occasional cases reported from United States. ...

Abstract	Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium Leprae that predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. The disease is prevalent in developing countries of Asia and Africa, with occasional cases reported from United States. In this case report we highlight a 33-year-old man from Qatar, who presented with symptoms of progressive weakness in his left wrist and hand for six months and was later found to have a granuloma of the ulnar nerve secondary to leprosy. We will discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, role of imaging, and management of neuropathy due to leprosy. Our case provides an excellent learning example of the utility of ultrasonography to characterize leprosy granulomas of the ulnar nerve.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2406300-9
ISSN	1930-0433
ISSN	1930-0433
DOI	10.1016/j.radcr.2021.02.003
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Article: Neuroprotective Role of Akt in Hypoxia Adaptation in Andeans.

Zhao, Helen / Lin, Jonathan / Sieck, Gary / Haddad, Gabriel G

Frontiers in neuroscience

2021 Volume 14, Page(s) 607711

Abstract: Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a disease that potentially threatens a large segment of high-altitude populations during extended living at altitudes above 2,500 m. Patients with CMS suffer from severe hypoxemia, excessive erythrocytosis and ... ...

Abstract	Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a disease that potentially threatens a large segment of high-altitude populations during extended living at altitudes above 2,500 m. Patients with CMS suffer from severe hypoxemia, excessive erythrocytosis and neurologic deficits. The cellular mechanisms underlying CMS neuropathology remain unknown. We previously showed that iPSC-derived CMS neurons have altered mitochondrial dynamics and increased susceptibility to hypoxia-induced cell death. Genome analysis from the same population identified many ER stress-related genes that play an important role in hypoxia adaptation or lack thereof. In the current study, we showed that iPSC-derived CMS neurons have increased expression of ER stress markers Grp78 and XBP1s under normoxia and hyperphosphorylation of PERK under hypoxia, alleviating ER stress does not rescue the hypoxia-induced CMS neuronal cell death. Akt is a cytosolic regulator of ER stress with PERK as a direct target of Akt. CMS neurons exhibited lack of Akt activation and lack of increased Parkin expression as compared to non-CMS neurons under hypoxia. By enhancing Akt activation and Parkin overexpression, hypoxia-induced CMS neuronal cell death was reduced. Taken together, we propose that increased Akt activation protects non-CMS from hypoxia-induced cell death. In contrast, impaired adaptive mechanisms including failure to activate Akt and increase Parkin expression render CMS neurons more susceptible to hypoxia-induced cell death.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-4548
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-4548
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2020.607711
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Article ; Online: Law, policy, biology, and sex: Critical issues for researchers.

Sudai, Maayan / Borsa, Alexander / Ichikawa, Kelsey / Shattuck-Heidorn, Heather / Zhao, Helen / Richardson, Sarah S

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2022 Volume 376, Issue 6595, Page(s) 802–804

Abstract: Researchers should be aware of how sex-difference science is (mis)applied in legal and policy contexts. ...

Abstract	Researchers should be aware of how sex-difference science is (mis)applied in legal and policy contexts.
MeSH term(s)	Biology ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Policy ; Research Personnel/ethics ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexuality/ethics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abo1102
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Article ; Online: Buprenorphine and methadone differentially alter early brain development in human cortical organoids.

Yao, Hang / Hu, Daisy / Wang, Juan / Wu, Wei / Zhao, Helen H / Wang, Lu / Gleeson, Joe / Haddad, Gabriel G

Neuropharmacology

2023 Volume 239, Page(s) 109683

Abstract: Buprenorphine (BUP) and methadone (MTD) are used for medication-assisted treatment (MAT) in opioid use disorder. Although both medications show improved maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with illicit opioid use during pregnancy, BUP has exhibited ... ...

Abstract	Buprenorphine (BUP) and methadone (MTD) are used for medication-assisted treatment (MAT) in opioid use disorder. Although both medications show improved maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with illicit opioid use during pregnancy, BUP has exhibited more favorable outcomes to newborns than MTD. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for the difference between BUP and MTD are largely unknown. Here, we examined the growth and neuronal activity in human cortical organoids (hCOs) exposed to BUP or MTD. We found that the growth of hCOs was significantly restricted in the MTD-treated but not in the BUP-treated hCOs and BUP attenuated the growth-restriction effect of MTD in hCOs. Furthermore, a κ-receptor agonist restricted while an antagonist alleviated the growth-restriction effect of MTD in hCOs. Since BUP is not only a μ-agonist but a κ-antagonist, the prevention of this growth-restriction by BUP is likely due to its κ-receptor-antagonism. In addition, using multielectrode array (MEA) technique, we discovered that both BUP and MTD inhibited neuronal activity in hCOs but BUP showed suppressive effects only at higher concentrations. Furthermore, κ-receptor antagonist nBNI did not prevent the MTD-induced suppression of neuronal activity in hCOs but the NMDA-antagonism of MTD (that BUP lacks) plays a role in the inhibition of neuronal activity. We conclude that, although both MTD and BUP are μ-opioid agonists, a) the additional κ-receptor antagonism of BUP mitigates the MTD-induced growth restriction during neurodevelopment and b) the lack of NMDA antagonism of BUP (in contrast to MTD) induces much less suppressive effect on neural network communications.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Buprenorphine/pharmacology ; Buprenorphine/therapeutic use ; Methadone/pharmacology ; Methadone/therapeutic use ; Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; N-Methylaspartate ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; Organoids ; Brain ; Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Buprenorphine (40D3SCR4GZ) ; Methadone (UC6VBE7V1Z) ; Analgesics, Opioid ; N-Methylaspartate (6384-92-5) ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; Narcotic Antagonists
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	218272-5
ISSN	1873-7064 ; 0028-3908
ISSN (online)	1873-7064
ISSN	0028-3908
DOI	10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109683
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Article ; Online: Impact of dermoscopy-aided pediatric teledermatology program on the accessibility and efficiency of dermatology care at community health centers.

Calafiore, Rebecca / Khan, Aziz / Anderson, Daren / Wu, Zhao Helen / Lu, Jun

Journal of telemedicine and telecare

2021 Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 519–526

Abstract: Background: There are few studies focusing on pediatric teledermatology, and the impact of a large-scale pediatric teledermatology program on the accessibility and efficiency of dermatology care remains unclear. This study evaluated the impact of a ... ...

Abstract	Background: There are few studies focusing on pediatric teledermatology, and the impact of a large-scale pediatric teledermatology program on the accessibility and efficiency of dermatology care remains unclear. This study evaluated the impact of a state-wide implementation of a store-and-forward teledermatology program augmented by the incorporation of dermoscopy in pediatric patients visiting community health centers. Methods: It was a descriptive, retrospective cohort study of 876 pediatric dermatology referrals. Results: In the traditional referral system, only 60 patients (17.6%) were seen by dermatologists with average waiting times of 75 days due to limited access. In comparison, with an implementation of dermoscopy-aided teledermatology, all 536 teledermatology referrals received dermatological care within 24 h, of which only 64 (12%) patients requires face-to-face (F2F) consultation. Patients referred for F2F consultation via eConsults had a much lower no-show rate as compared to the traditional referral system (39% vs. 71%). Side by side comparison between general population and pediatric population has demonstrated shared features in efficiency and access improvement but revealed specific characteristics of pediatric teledermatology in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Coordinated store-and-forward teledermatology platform with incorporation of dermoscopy between large community care network and dermatology provider can greatly improve access to pediatric dermatology care especially in underserved population. The efficiency of teledermatology in access improvement for pediatric population is comparable with adult population in eConsults. There are also unique features and challenges in pediatric teledermatology that require further research.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Child ; Dermatology ; Dermoscopy ; Retrospective Studies ; Community Health Centers ; Referral and Consultation
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1340281-x
ISSN	1758-1109 ; 1357-633X
ISSN (online)	1758-1109
ISSN	1357-633X
DOI	10.1177/1357633X211068275
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Article: Species-Resolved Metagenomics of Kindergarten Microbiomes Reveal Microbial Admixture Within Sites and Potential Microbial Hazards.

Lam, TzeHau / Chew, Dillon / Zhao, Helen / Zhu, Pengfei / Zhang, Lili / Dai, Yajie / Liu, Jiquan / Xu, Jian

Frontiers in microbiology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 871017

Abstract: Microbiomes on surfaces in kindergartens, the intermediate transfer medium for microbial exchange, can exert significant impact on the hygiene and wellbeing of young children, both individually and as a community. Here employing 2bRAD-M, a novel species- ... ...

Abstract	Microbiomes on surfaces in kindergartens, the intermediate transfer medium for microbial exchange, can exert significant impact on the hygiene and wellbeing of young children, both individually and as a community. Here employing 2bRAD-M, a novel species-resolved metagenomics approach for low-biomass microbiomes, we surveyed over 100 samples from seven frequently contacted surfaces by children, plus individual children's palms, in two kindergartens. Microbiome compositions, although kindergarten-specific, were grouped closely based on the type of surface within each kindergarten. Extensive microbial admixture were found among the various sampled sites, likely facilitated by contact with children's hands. Notably, bacterial species with potential human health concerns and potentially antibiotic-resistant, although found across all sampled locations, were predominantly enriched on children's hands instead of on the environmental sites. This first species-resolved kindergarten microbiome survey underscores the importance of good hand hygiene practices in kindergartens and provides insights into better managing hygiene levels and minimizing spread of harmful microbes in susceptible indoor environments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2022.871017
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Article ; Online: Informational advantages in social networks: The core-periphery divide in peer performance ratings.

Zhao, Helen H / Li, Ning / Harris, T Brad / Rosen, Christopher C / Zhang, Xinan

The Journal of applied psychology

2020 Volume 106, Issue 7, Page(s) 1093–1102

Abstract: Organizations frequently rely on peer performance ratings to capture employees' unique and difficult to observe contributions at work. Though useful, peers exhibit meaningful variance in the accuracy and informational utility they offer about ratees. In ... ...

Abstract	Organizations frequently rely on peer performance ratings to capture employees' unique and difficult to observe contributions at work. Though useful, peers exhibit meaningful variance in the accuracy and informational utility they offer about ratees. In this research, we develop and test theory which suggests that raters' social network positions explains this variance in systematic ways. Drawing from information processing theory, we posit that members who occupy core (peripheral) positions in the network have greater (less) access to firsthand and secondhand performance information about ratees, which is in turn associated with more (less) accurate performance ratings. To overcome difficulties in obtaining a "true" performance score in interdependent field settings, we employ an external criterion comparison method to benchmark our arguments, such that larger validity coefficients between established predictors of performance (i.e., a ratee's general mental ability [GMA] and conscientiousness) and peer performance ratings should reflect more (less) accurate ratings for core (peripheral) members. In Study 1, we use an organization-wide network in a technology startup company to examine the validity coefficient of a ratee's GMA on performance as rated by central versus peripheral members. In Study 2, we attempt to replicate and extend Study 1's conclusions in team networks using ratee conscientiousness as a benchmark indicator. Findings from both studies generally support the hypotheses that core network members provide distinct, and presumably more accurate, peer performance ratings than peripheral network members. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Employee Performance Appraisal ; Humans ; Social Networking
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219157-x
ISSN	1939-1854 ; 0021-9010
ISSN (online)	1939-1854
ISSN	0021-9010
DOI	10.1037/apl0000822
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