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  1. Article ; Online: Moringa oleifera Leaves’ Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus , and Growth in Whiteleg Shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei )

    Zaenal Abidin / Huai-Ting Huang / Zhen-Hao Liao / Bo-Ying Chen / Yu-Sheng Wu / Yu-Ju Lin / Fan-Hua Nan

    Animals, Vol 12, Iss 42, p

    2022  Volume 42

    Abstract: Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a moringa water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. ...

    Abstract Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a moringa water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus , and growth performance of whiteleg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different concentrations of the moringa extract. Furthermore, the moringa extract was incorporated at 0 (control), 1.25 g (ME1.25), 2.5 g (ME2.5), and 5.0 g (ME5.0) per kg of diet for the in vivo assay. During the rearing period, immune responses, namely the total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production, and immune-related gene expression were examined on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Growth performance was measured 60 days after the feeding period. Furthermore, the shrimp were challenged with V. alginolyticus after being fed for different feeding durations. The results of the in vitro assay revealed that 100–250 ppm of the moringa extract enhanced the PO activity, phagocytic rate (PR), and superoxide anion production. The findings of the in vivo assay demonstrated that the THC, PO activity, PR, and immune-related gene expression, including alpha-2-macroglobulin, prophenoloxidase II, penaeidin2, penaeidin3, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, crustin, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and clotting protein, were higher in the group of ME.25 and ME5.0 than in the control and ME1.25 at several time points. Growth performance was significantly increased ( p < 0.05) in the ME2.5 group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the dietary ME2.5 resulted in a higher survival rate compared to that of the control group after challenging with V. alginolyticus , especially at ME2.5 administered for 4 and 7 days. This study indicated that the incorporation of the moringa extract at 2.5 g per kg of diet enhanced the immune response, the growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp, and the ...
    Keywords challenge trial ; gene expression ; herb ; innate immunity ; weight gain ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Composition of nanoclay supported silver nanoparticles in furtherance of mitigating cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.

    Chih-Hao Chang / Yu-Hsuan Lee / Zhen-Hao Liao / Mark Hung-Chih Chen / Fu-Chuo Peng / Jiang-Jen Lin

    PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 2, p e

    2021  Volume 0247531

    Abstract: Silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) is well known for its high antibacterial efficacy. However, its toxicity toward mammalian cells is still a concern in clinical applications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the composition effects of Ag-NP supported by ... ...

    Abstract Silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) is well known for its high antibacterial efficacy. However, its toxicity toward mammalian cells is still a concern in clinical applications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the composition effects of Ag-NP supported by silicate nanoplatelet (NSP) with respect to the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and was in reference to the poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-supported Ag-NP (Ag-NP/SMA). The NSP at the geometric dimension of averaged 80 x 80 x 1 nm3 was prepared from the exfoliation of natural clays and used to support different weight ratio of Ag-NP. The supporting limitation of NSP on Ag-NP was below the weight ratio of 15/85 (Ag-NP to NSP), and the detached Ag-NP from the Ag-NP/NSP (30/70) and Ag-NP/SMA hybrids were observed by TEM. Ames test was performed to assess the mutagenic potential of different compositions of Ag-NP/NSP, only Ag-NP/NSP (30/70) and Ag-NP/SMA hybrids exhibited mutagenicity when the concentration was 1.09 ppm or higher. In viewing of cytotoxicity using MTT tests toward HaCaT cells, the IC30 of Ag-NP/NSP (1/99, 7/93 and 15/85) were 1416.7, 243.6, and 148.9 ppm respectively, while Ag-NP/SMA was 64.8 ppm. The IC30 of Ag-NP/NSP (1/99, 7/93 and 15/85) were at least 833, 78 and 7 folds higher than their corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) respectively, and whereas Ag-NP/SMA was 6.4 folds. The Ag-NP/NSP and Ag-NP/SMA hybrids had been further investigated for genotoxicity by chromosomal aberrations and in vivo micronucleus assay within the concentration at IC10 and IC30, only Ag-NP/SMA showed a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Our findings indicated that the viability of utilizing the NSP to maintain Ag-NP for antimicrobial activity, and the high-surface area of NSP served as an excellent support for associating Ag-NP and consequently rendering the mitigation of the inherent toxicity of Ag-NP in clinical uses.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 669
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Removing Malachite Green and Leucomalachite Green From Freshwater and Seawater With Four Water Treatment Agents

    Yu-Ru Lin / Yeh-Fang Hu / Chih-Yang Huang / Huai-Ting Huang / Zhen-Hao Liao / An-Ting Lee / Yu-Sheng Wu / Fan-Hua Nan

    Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: Malachite green (MG) residue in aquatic environments can adversely affect food chains. To solve this problem, many adsorbents have been developed to remove MG from aqueous solutions. These adsorbents exhibit benefits in different aspects such as low cost, ...

    Abstract Malachite green (MG) residue in aquatic environments can adversely affect food chains. To solve this problem, many adsorbents have been developed to remove MG from aqueous solutions. These adsorbents exhibit benefits in different aspects such as low cost, nontoxicity, and environment friendliness. Zeolite, oyster shell powder (OSP), humic acid (HA), and Chloride dioxide (ClO2) are widely used agents for water purification, indicating their potential to remove MG from both freshwater and seawater. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was performed as a valid analytical method for measuring MG and its metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG). The analysis examined linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, and limit of quantification. We found that three agents—zeolite, OSP, and HA—have high affinity for MG and LMG in both freshwater and seawater because of their physicochemical properties; ClO2 exhibited even greater efficiency for MG and LMG degradation due to its oxidation capacity. The MG removal efficiency of zeolite, OSP and HA in freshwater was 100%, 87.52%, and 100%, respectively. In the MG-containing seawater, the removal efficiency of zeolite, OSP and HA was 95.24%, 6.57%, and 89.36%, respectively. The LMG removal efficiency of zeolite, OSP and HA in freshwater was 100%, 53.56%, and 100%, while in seawater, the LMG removal efficiency of zeolite, OSP and HA was 100%, 62.70%, and 84.65%, respectively. ClO2 treatments in both freshwater and seawater expressed 100% removal efficiency. The adsorption capacity of three water agents in MG-containing freshwater decreased in the order: zeolite = HA > OSP; in MG-containing seawater: zeolite > HA > OSP. Whereas the adsorption capacity of three water agents in LMG-containing freshwater decreased in the order: zeolite = HA > OSP; in LMG-containing seawater: zeolite > HA > OSP. In this study, four water treatment agents are reported to remove MG and LMG from freshwater and seawater, indicating their potential for reducing the amount of ...
    Keywords malachite green (MG) ; leucomalachite green (LMG) ; adsorbent ; chlorine dioxide (ClO2) ; liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 660
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Effect of Methylmercury Exposure on Bioaccumulation and Nonspecific Immune Respsonses in Hybrid Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus

    Hsiang-Chieh Chuang / Huai-Ting Huang / Novi-Rosmala Dewi / Hsi-Hua Hsiao / Bo-Ying Chen / Zhen-Hao Liao / Meng-Chou Lee / Po-Tsang Lee / Yu-Sheng Wu / Yu-Ju Lin / Fan-Hua Nan

    Animals, Vol 12, Iss 147, p

    2022  Volume 147

    Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a dangerous heavy metal that can accumulate in fish and is harmful when consumed by humans. This study investigated the bioaccumulation of mercury in the form of methylmercury (MeHg) and evaluated nonspecific immune responses such as ... ...

    Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a dangerous heavy metal that can accumulate in fish and is harmful when consumed by humans. This study investigated the bioaccumulation of mercury in the form of methylmercury (MeHg) and evaluated nonspecific immune responses such as phagocytic activity and superoxide anion (O 2 − ) production in hybrid grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus ). The hybrid grouper leukocytes were incubated with methylmercury chloride (CH 3 HgCl) at concentrations of 10–10,000 µg/L to determine cell viability, phagocytic activity, and O 2 − production in vitro. Subsequently, the grouper were exposed daily to CH 3 HgCl mixed in the experimental diets at concentrations of 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg for 28 days. The bioaccumulation of MeHg in the liver, head kidney, and muscle tissue was measured, and the phagocytic activity and O 2 − production were evaluated. In vitro results indicated that cell viability was significantly lower than that of the control group at concentrations > 500 µg/L. The phagocytic rate and O 2 − production at concentrations ˃ 500 and ˃ 200 µg/L, respectively, were significantly lower than those of the control group. The dietary exposure demonstrated that MeHg accumulated more substantially in the liver and head kidney compared with the muscle tissue in the treatment groups. Moreover, the cumulative concentration significantly increased with higher concentrations and more days of exposure. The phagocytic rate and O 2 − production in the treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control group from days 2 and 1, respectively. In conclusion, hybrid grouper accumulated significant MeHg in the liver and head kidney compared with the muscle tissue, and higher concentrations and more exposure days resulted in decreased cell viability, phagocytic activity, and O 2 − production.
    Keywords hybrid grouper ; methylmercury ; bioaccumulation ; immunity ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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