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Book ; Online: Input Reconstruction Attack against Vertical Federated Large Language Models

Zheng, Fei

2023

Abstract: Recently, large language models (LLMs) have drawn extensive attention from academia and the public, due to the advent of the ChatGPT. While LLMs show their astonishing ability in text generation for various tasks, privacy concerns limit their usage in ... ...

Abstract	Recently, large language models (LLMs) have drawn extensive attention from academia and the public, due to the advent of the ChatGPT. While LLMs show their astonishing ability in text generation for various tasks, privacy concerns limit their usage in real-life businesses. More specifically, either the user's inputs (the user sends the query to the model-hosting server) or the model (the user downloads the complete model) itself will be revealed during the usage. Vertical federated learning (VFL) is a promising solution to this kind of problem. It protects both the user's input and the knowledge of the model by splitting the model into a bottom part and a top part, which is maintained by the user and the model provider, respectively. However, in this paper, we demonstrate that in LLMs, VFL fails to protect the user input since it is simple and cheap to reconstruct the input from the intermediate embeddings. Experiments show that even with a commercial GPU, the input sentence can be reconstructed in only one second. We also discuss several possible solutions to enhance the privacy of vertical federated LLMs.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-11-07
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dual-Energy CT of Unilateral Pulmonary Artery Agenesis.

Zheng, Fei / Tan, Xian-Zheng

Radiology

2024 Volume 310, Issue 3, Page(s) e232487

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Abnormalities, Multiple ; Lung/abnormalities ; Lung Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiol.232487
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Guided Lamb Wave Array Time-Delay-Based MUSIC Algorithm for Impact Imaging.

Zheng, Fei / Yuan, Shenfang

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 24, Issue 6

Abstract: Composite materials, valued in aerospace for their stiffness, strength and lightness, require impact monitoring for structural health, especially against low-velocity impacts. The MUSIC algorithm, known for efficient directional scanning and easy sensor ... ...

Abstract	Composite materials, valued in aerospace for their stiffness, strength and lightness, require impact monitoring for structural health, especially against low-velocity impacts. The MUSIC algorithm, known for efficient directional scanning and easy sensor deployment, is gaining prominence in this area. However, in practical engineering applications, the broadband characteristics of impact response signals and the time delay errors in array elements' signal reception lead to inconsistencies between the steering vector and the actual signal subspace, affecting the precision of the MUSIC impact localization method. Furthermore, the anisotropy of composite materials results in time delay differences between array elements in different directions. If the MUSIC algorithm uses a fixed velocity value, this also introduces time delay errors, further reducing the accuracy of localization. Addressing these challenges, this paper proposes an innovative MUSIC algorithm for impact imaging using a guided Lamb wave array, with an emphasis on time delay management. This approach focuses on the extraction of high-energy, single-frequency components from impact response signals, ensuring accurate time delay measurement across array elements and enhancing noise resistance. It also calculates the average velocity of single-frequency components in varying directions for an initial impact angle estimation. This estimated angle then guides the selection of a specific single-frequency velocity, culminating in precise impact position localization. The experimental evaluation, employing equidistantly spaced array elements to capture impact response signals, assessed the effectiveness of the proposed method in accurately determining array time delays. Furthermore, impact localization tests on reinforced composite structures were conducted, with the results indicating high precision in pinpointing impact locations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s24061882
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Article ; Online: Regulation of ULK1 by WTAP/IGF2BP3 axis enhances mitophagy and progression in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Wang, Jiao / Zheng, Fei / Wang, Dandan / Yang, Qing

Cell death & disease

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 97

Abstract: There is a pressing need for innovative therapeutic strategies for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Previous studies have shown that UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a serine/threonine kinase, is crucial in regulating cellular autophagy and ... ...

Abstract	There is a pressing need for innovative therapeutic strategies for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Previous studies have shown that UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a serine/threonine kinase, is crucial in regulating cellular autophagy and mitophagy across various tumor types. However, the clinical implications, biological functions, and potential mechanisms of ULK1 in EOC remain poorly understood. This study demonstrates that ULK1 expression is upregulated in EOC tissue samples and EOC cell lines, with increased ULK1 expression correlating with poor prognosis. Functionally, overexpressed ULK1 enhances the proliferation and migration abilities of EOC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ULK1 was identified as an m6A target of WTAP. WTAP-mediated m6A modification of ULK1 enhanced its mRNA stability in an IGF2BP3-dependent manner, leading to elevated ULK1 expression and enhanced mitophagy in EOC. In summary, our research reveals that the WTAP/IGF2BP3-ULK1 axis significantly influences protective mitophagy in EOC, contributing to its progression. Therefore, the regulatory mechanisms and biological function of ULK1 identify it as a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention in EOC.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog/genetics ; Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/genetics ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Mitophagy/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA Splicing Factors ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; RNA Splicing Factors ; ULK1 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; WTAP protein, human ; IGF2BP3 protein, human ; RNA-Binding Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2541626-1
ISSN	2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
ISSN (online)	2041-4889
ISSN	2041-4889
DOI	10.1038/s41419-024-06477-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Chronic cadmium exposure impairs flight behavior by dampening flight muscle carbon metabolism in bumblebees.

Gao, Shen / Zheng, Fei / Yue, Lei / Chen, Bing

Journal of hazardous materials

2024 Volume 466, Page(s) 133628

Abstract: Cadmium pollution affects the global ecosystem because cadmium can be transferred up the food chain. The bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, is an important insect pollinator. Their foraging activity on flowers exposes them to harmful heavy metals, which ... ...

Abstract	Cadmium pollution affects the global ecosystem because cadmium can be transferred up the food chain. The bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, is an important insect pollinator. Their foraging activity on flowers exposes them to harmful heavy metals, which damages their health and leads to massive population declines. However, the effects of chronic exposure to heavy metals on the flight performance of bumblebees have not yet been characterized. Here, we studied variation in the flight capacity of bumblebees induced by chronic cadmium exposure at field-realistic concentrations using behavioral, physiological, and molecular approaches. Chronic cadmium exposure caused a significant reduction in the duration, distance, and mean velocity of bumblebee flight. Transcriptome analysis showed that the impairment of carbon metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in the flight muscle were the primary causes. Physiological, biochemical, and metabolomic analyses validated disruptions in energy metabolism, and impairments in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities. Histological analysis revealed muscle fiber damage and mitochondrial loss. Exogenous decanoic acid or citric acid partially restored sustained flight ability of bumblebees by mitigating muscle fiber damage and increasing energy generation. These findings provide insights into how long-term cadmium stress affects the flight ability of insects and will aid human muscle or exercise-related disease research.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bees ; Animals ; Cadmium/toxicity ; Ecosystem ; Flowers ; Energy Metabolism ; Muscles
Chemical Substances	Cadmium (00BH33GNGH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133628
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Article ; Online: Spatial and interdecadal differences in climatic suitability for winter wheat in China from 1985 to 2014.

Li, Ke-Xin / Zheng, Fei

International journal of biometeorology

2022 Volume 66, Issue 10, Page(s) 2091–2104

Abstract: The evident climate jump after 2000 in China may have greatly influenced the production of winter wheat, which is one of the nation's major grain crops. To evaluate the impacts of climate change on winter wheat production and identify the climatic ... ...

Abstract	The evident climate jump after 2000 in China may have greatly influenced the production of winter wheat, which is one of the nation's major grain crops. To evaluate the impacts of climate change on winter wheat production and identify the climatic factors primarily responsible, we used daily meteorological data from 2244 stations and integrated indicators to examine the decadal changes in the potential plantable zone (PPZ), growth periods, and climatic suitability for winter wheat in China from 1985 to 1999 and from 2000 to 2014. The results showed the following: (1) The PPZ has decreased by approximately 9%, and the main reason may be the increased frequency of extreme cold events in northern China from 2000 to 2014. (2) In most of the PPZ, the suitable sowing date has been delayed, the potential maturity date has advanced, and total days during the potential growing season have significantly decreased because of the increasing temperature. (3) The suitable area and optimal area of winter wheat have significantly decreased by 9% and 13%, respectively. The changes in climatic suitability are affected by both temperature and radiation in the north, whereas the impact is more from precipitation in the south. The climate may be changing in a direction unsuitable for winter wheat. As global warming and climate extremes intensify in the future, winter wheat production may become more challenging, and adequate measures should be adopted to guarantee reliable and high yields.
MeSH term(s)	China ; Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural ; Edible Grain ; Seasons ; Triticum
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280324-0
ISSN	1432-1254 ; 0020-7128
ISSN (online)	1432-1254
ISSN	0020-7128
DOI	10.1007/s00484-022-02343-w
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Efficient Private Machine Learning by Differentiable Random Transformations

Zheng, Fei

2020

Abstract: With the increasing demands for privacy protection, many privacy-preserving machine learning systems were proposed in recent years. However, most of them cannot be put into production due to their slow training and inference speed caused by the heavy ... ...

Abstract	With the increasing demands for privacy protection, many privacy-preserving machine learning systems were proposed in recent years. However, most of them cannot be put into production due to their slow training and inference speed caused by the heavy cost of homomorphic encryption and secure multiparty computation(MPC) methods. To circumvent this, I proposed a privacy definition which is suitable for large amount of data in machine learning tasks. Based on that, I showed that random transformations like linear transformation and random permutation can well protect privacy. Merging random transformations and arithmetic sharing together, I designed a framework for private machine learning with high efficiency and low computation cost.
Keywords	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Statistics - Machine Learning
Publishing date	2020-08-18
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Analysis of differential genes of ischemic stroke-induced heart tissue in mice based on GEO database

Rui Wang / Zheng-Fei Yang

Journal of Hainan Medical University, Vol 27, Iss 23, Pp 46-

2021 Volume 50

Abstract: Objective: The differential genes of left ventricle in middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) mice and Sham mice (Sham) mice at 24h and 72h after ischemia were compared respectively, and the differential genes and their regulated functional ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The differential genes of left ventricle in middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) mice and Sham mice (Sham) mice at 24h and 72h after ischemia were compared respectively, and the differential genes and their regulated functional pathways were analyzed at different time points after ischemic stroke, so as to analyze the mechanism of inducing cardiac dysfunction after ischemic stroke and provide evidence for its treatment. Methods: Gene-chip data from the left ventricle of MCAO mice and Sham mice were downloaded from the GEO database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The differentially expressed genes were obtained by R language software programming. The GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the obtained differential genes were performed using DAVID 6.8 online analysis tool, and the Omicshare online analysis tool was used to visualize the enrichment analysis results. Results: At 24h after ischemia,187 differentially expressed genes were obtained, including 56 GO enrichment pathways and 5 KEGG enrichment pathways with significant significance. After 72h after ischemia,51 differentially expressed genes were obtained,14 GO enrichment pathways and 3 KEGG enrichment pathways with significant significance. The two time points involved Aplnr and Itgb6 gene targets and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion: ①By analyzing the gene expression profile data, the differentially expressed genes and related pathways of cardiac dysfunction induced by ischemic stroke were obtained. ②PI3K-AKT signaling pathway is closely related to the regulation of cardiac function, and regulation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may be an important direction for the treatment of cardiac dysfunction after ischemic stroke.
Keywords	gene expression omnibus（geo） database ; cerebral infarction ; cardiac dysfunction ; differently expressed genes ; gene microarray ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Editorial Board of Journal of Hainan Medical University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spatial and interdecadal differences in climatic suitability for winter wheat in China from 1985 to 2014

Li, Ke Xin / Zheng, Fei

Int J Biometeorol. 2022 Oct., v. 66, no. 10 p.2091-2104

2022

Abstract: The evident climate jump after 2000 in China may have greatly influenced the production of winter wheat, which is one of the nation’s major grain crops. To evaluate the impacts of climate change on winter wheat production and identify the climatic ... ...

Abstract	The evident climate jump after 2000 in China may have greatly influenced the production of winter wheat, which is one of the nation’s major grain crops. To evaluate the impacts of climate change on winter wheat production and identify the climatic factors primarily responsible, we used daily meteorological data from 2244 stations and integrated indicators to examine the decadal changes in the potential plantable zone (PPZ), growth periods, and climatic suitability for winter wheat in China from 1985 to 1999 and from 2000 to 2014. The results showed the following: (1) The PPZ has decreased by approximately 9%, and the main reason may be the increased frequency of extreme cold events in northern China from 2000 to 2014. (2) In most of the PPZ, the suitable sowing date has been delayed, the potential maturity date has advanced, and total days during the potential growing season have significantly decreased because of the increasing temperature. (3) The suitable area and optimal area of winter wheat have significantly decreased by 9% and 13%, respectively. The changes in climatic suitability are affected by both temperature and radiation in the north, whereas the impact is more from precipitation in the south. The climate may be changing in a direction unsuitable for winter wheat. As global warming and climate extremes intensify in the future, winter wheat production may become more challenging, and adequate measures should be adopted to guarantee reliable and high yields.
Keywords	climate ; climate change ; cold ; meteorological data ; temperature ; winter wheat ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-10
Size	p. 2091-2104.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	127361-9
ISSN	0067-8902 ; 0020-7128
ISSN	0067-8902 ; 0020-7128
DOI	10.1007/s00484-022-02343-w
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Malignancy Treatments.

Zheng, Fei / Wang, Jiao / Wang, Dandan / Yang, Qing

Cancers

2023 Volume 15, Issue 7

Abstract: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are the key mediators of intercellular communication. They have the potential for clinical use as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers and have been explored as vectors for drug delivery. Identification of reliable and ...

Abstract	Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are the key mediators of intercellular communication. They have the potential for clinical use as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers and have been explored as vectors for drug delivery. Identification of reliable and noninvasive biomarkers, such as sEVs, is important for early diagnosis and precise treatment of gynecologic diseases to improve patient prognosis. Previous reviews have summarized routine sEVs isolation and identification methods; however, novel and unconventional methods have not been comprehensively described. This review summarizes a convenient method of isolating sEVs from body fluids and liquid biopsy-related sEV markers for early, minimally invasive diagnosis of gynecologic diseases. In addition, the characteristics of sEVs as drug carriers and in precision treatment and drug resistance are introduced, providing a strong foundation for identifying novel and potential therapeutic targets for sEV therapy. We propose potential directions for further research on the applications of sEVs in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers15071984
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