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Article ; Online: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Jing Guan Fang for Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Yueh-Hsin Ping / Hsin Yeh / Li-Wei Chu / Zhi-Hu Lin / Yin-Chieh Hsu / Lie-Chwen Lin / Chung-Hua Hsu / Shu-Ling Fu / Tung-Yi Lin

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol

From Clinical Observation to Basic Research

2022 Volume 13

Abstract: COVID-19 is a global epidemic. Developing adjuvant therapies which could prevent the virus from binding to cells may impair viral infection. This study produces a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Jing Guan Fang (JGF), based on ancient medical texts, ...

Abstract	COVID-19 is a global epidemic. Developing adjuvant therapies which could prevent the virus from binding to cells may impair viral infection. This study produces a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Jing Guan Fang (JGF), based on ancient medical texts, and examines the efficacy and the mechanism by which JGF prevents viral infections. JGF reduces COVID-19 like symptoms. Functional studies show that JGF inhibits the formation of syncytium and reduces the formation of viral plaque. JGF is not toxic in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, JGF induces lysosomal-dependent ACE2 degradation and suppresses mRNA and the protein levels of TMPRSS2 in human lung WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. Mice that inhale JGF exhibit reduced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein levels in lung tissues. Together, these findings suggest that JGF may improve the COVID-19 like symptoms and inhibit viral infection. Moreover, JGF may be applicable as an adjuvant preventive strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection in addition to the use of vaccines.
Keywords	Chinese medicine decoction ; Jing Guan Fang ; ACE2 ; TMPRSS2 ; COVID-19 ; prevention ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: WSG, a Glucose-Rich Polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum , Combined with Cisplatin Potentiates Inhibition of Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Wei-Lun Qiu / Wei-Hung Hsu / Shu-Ming Tsao / Ai-Jung Tseng / Zhi-Hu Lin / Wei-Jyun Hua / Hsin Yeh / Tzu-En Lin / Chien-Chang Chen / Li-Sheng Chen / Tung-Yi Lin

Polymers, Vol 13, Iss 4353, p

2021 Volume 4353

Abstract: Lung cancer has the highest global mortality rate of any cancer. Although targeted therapeutic drugs are commercially available, the common drug resistance and insensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, a common clinical treatment for lung cancer, ... ...

Abstract	Lung cancer has the highest global mortality rate of any cancer. Although targeted therapeutic drugs are commercially available, the common drug resistance and insensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, a common clinical treatment for lung cancer, have prompted active research on alternative lung cancer therapies and methods for mitigating cisplatin-related complications. In this study, we investigated the effect of WSG, a glucose-rich, water soluble polysaccharide derived from Ganoderma lucidum , on cisplatin-based treatment for lung cancer. Murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC1) cells were injected into C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously and through the tail vein. The combined administration of WSG and cisplatin effectively inhibited tumor growth and the formation of metastatic nodules in the lung tissue of the mice. Moreover, WSG increased the survival rate of mice receiving cisplatin. Co-treatment with WSG and cisplatin induced a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of lung cancer cells, enhancing the apoptotic responses mediated by cisplatin. WSG also reduced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in both macrophages and normal lung fibroblasts. Our findings suggest that WSG can increase the therapeutic effectiveness of cisplatin. In clinical settings, WSG may be used as an adjuvant or supplementary agent.
Keywords	Ganoderma lucidum ; polysaccharides ; cisplatin ; synergistic effect ; anti-lung cancer ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bioassay-Guided Isolation and HPLC Quantification of Antiproliferative Metabolites from Stahlianthus thorelii

Nham-Linh Nguyen / Thanh-Hoa Vo / Yu-Chi Lin / Chia-Ching Liaw / Zhi-Hu Lin / Mei-Chuan Chen / Yao-Haur Kuo

Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 3, p

2020 Volume 551

Abstract: In folk medicine, Stahlianthus thorelii Gagnep. has been used to treat diseases related to inflammation, ulcers, and cancer. There are no reports concerning the chemical components and bioactivities of S. thorelii ... thus, this study aims to explore the ... ...

Abstract	In folk medicine, Stahlianthus thorelii Gagnep. has been used to treat diseases related to inflammation, ulcers, and cancer. There are no reports concerning the chemical components and bioactivities of S. thorelii thus, this study aims to explore the phytochemicals, quantify the main compounds, and test the anticancer activity of isolates from S. thorelii. Dried rhizomes were extracted with 95% ethanol and, then, partitioned, fractionated, and isolated. On the basis of the result of the antiproliferative activity of the fractions, seven isolates were yielded and were identified by spectroscopic analyses. The inhibition of cancer proliferation was determined by an MTT assay and the deployed IC 50 to value their efficacy. Seven compounds containing one new C-benzylated dihydrochalcone derivative, thorechalcone A ( 1 ) and 2 − 7 were isolated from S. thorelii. In terms of the bioactivity, compounds 1 and 3 displayed promising antiproliferative activity (WiDr, A549, and HepG2), with IC 50 values <40 µM. The HPLC-UV method of quantification of two major compounds ( 3 and 4 ) was also validated. This study presented the isolations of antiproliferative potentials of new chalcone and known flavonoid derivatives from S. thorelii. The validated simple, accurate, and rapid HPLC method could be deployed for the quality control of herbal drugs.
Keywords	stalianthus thorelii gagnep ; zingiberaceae ; c-benzylated dihydrochalcone ; cytotoxicity ; antiproliferative activity ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bioactive Flavonoid Glycosides and HPLC and UPLC Quantification of Commercial Astragali Complanati Semen

Jenny Chun-Ling Kuo / Li-Jie Zhang / Hung-Tse Huang / Chia-Ching Liaw / Zhi-Hu Lin / Min Liu / Yao-Haur Kuo

Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 4762, p

2020 Volume 4762

Abstract: Eleven compounds, including nine known flavonoid glycosides ( 1 – 4 , 6 – 8 , and 10 – 11 ), one isoflavone glycoside ( 5 ), and a glansreginic acid ( 9 ), were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of commercial Astragali Complanati Semen (ACS). All ... ...

Abstract	Eleven compounds, including nine known flavonoid glycosides ( 1 – 4 , 6 – 8 , and 10 – 11 ), one isoflavone glycoside ( 5 ), and a glansreginic acid ( 9 ), were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of commercial Astragali Complanati Semen (ACS). All chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 9 , and 10 were isolated and identified from the title plant for the first time. Biological evaluation revealed that all the isolates showed promising anti-NO production, and 1 , 2 , 3 , and 8 were more potent in antioxidant activity than vitamin E. The major peaks in the UPLC and HPLC profiles identified their chemical structures by comparing their retention time and UV spectra with those of the reference substances. Furthermore, nine of the eleven samples collected from North, Middle, and South regions of Taiwan possessed similar HPLC fingerprints and were identified as Astragali Complanati Semen, whereas the other two samples from southern Taiwan would be the adulterants due to the different fingerprinting patterns. In addition, an HPLC-UV method was employed to determine the content of target compound complanatuside ( 11 ) with good linear regression (R 2 = 0.9998) for ACS in the Taiwanese market. Of the isolates, flavonol glycosides 1 and 3 were the major peaks in HPLC/UPLC, and showed more potent antioxidant and anti-NO production activities than that of 11 , revealing that these compounds can be the available agents for the quality control of ACS.
Keywords	Astragali Complanati Semen ; flavanol glycosides ; UHPLC fingerprint ; complanatuside ; anti-oxidation ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Conversion of Squid Pen to Homogentisic Acid via Paenibacillus sp. TKU036 and the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Homogentisic Acid

San-Lang Wang / Hsin-Ting Li / Li-Jie Zhang / Zhi-Hu Lin / Yao-Haur Kuo

Marine Drugs, Vol 14, Iss 10, p

2016 Volume 183

Abstract: The culture supernatant of Paenibacillus sp. TKU036, a bacterium isolated from Taiwanese soils, showed high antioxidant activity (85%) when cultured in a squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium at 37 °C for three days. Homogentisic acid (2,5- ... ...

Abstract	The culture supernatant of Paenibacillus sp. TKU036, a bacterium isolated from Taiwanese soils, showed high antioxidant activity (85%) when cultured in a squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium at 37 °C for three days. Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, HGA) was isolated and found to be the major antioxidant in the culture supernatant of the SPP-containing medium fermented by Paenibacillus sp. TKU036. Tryptophan was also present in the culture supernatant. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting showed that HGA and tryptophan were produced via fermentation but did not pre-exist in the unfermented SPP-containing medium. Neither HGA nor tryptophan was found in the culture supernatants obtained from the fermentation of nutrient broth or other chitinous material, i.e., medium containing shrimp head powder, by Paenibacillus sp. TKU036. The production of HGA via microorganisms has rarely been reported. In this study, we found that squid pen was a potential carbon and nitrogen source for Paenibacillus sp. Tryptophan (105 mg/L) and HGA (60 mg/L) were recovered from the culture supernatant. The isolated HGA was found to have higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.9 μg/mL) than α-tocopherol (IC50 = 17.6 μg/mL). The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated HGA (IC50 = 10.14 μg/mL) was lower than that of quercetin (IC50 = 1.14 μg/mL). As a result, squid pen, a fishery processing byproduct, is a valuable material for the production of tryptophan and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory HGA via microbial conversion.
Keywords	squid pen ; chitin ; homogentisic acid ; tryptophan ; Paenibacillus ; antioxidant ; anti-inflammatory ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bioactivity-Guided Purification of Novel Herbal Antioxidant and Anti-NO Compounds from Euonymus laxiflorus Champ.

Van Bon Nguyen / San-Lang Wang / Anh Dzung Nguyen / Zhi-Hu Lin / Chien Thang Doan / Thi Ngoc Tran / Hung Tse Huang / Yao-Haur Kuo

Molecules, Vol 24, Iss 1, p

2018 Volume 120

Abstract: Euonymus laxiflorus Champ., a medicinal herb collected in Vietnam, has been reported to show several potent bioactivities, including anti-NO, enzyme inhibition, hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects. Recently, the antioxidant activity of Euonymus ... ...

Abstract	Euonymus laxiflorus Champ., a medicinal herb collected in Vietnam, has been reported to show several potent bioactivities, including anti-NO, enzyme inhibition, hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects. Recently, the antioxidant activity of Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. trunk bark (ELCTB) has also been reported. However, the active antioxidant and anti-NO constituents existing in ELCTB have not been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to purify the active antioxidants from ELCTB and investigate the anti-NO effect of the major constituents. Twenty-two phenolics isolated from ELCTB, including 12 compounds newly isolated in this study (1–12) and 10 constituents obtained from our previous work, were evaluated for their antioxidant activity. Of these, 12 compounds (4–6, 9, 13–15, 18–22) showed a potent antioxidant capacity (FRS50 = 7.8–58.11 µg/mL), in comparison to α-tocopherol (FRS50 = 23 µg/mL). In the anti-NO activity tests, Walterolactone A (1a) and B (1b) β-d-glucopyranoside (13) demonstrated the most effective and comparable activity to that of quercetin with max inhibition and IC50 values of 100%, 1.3 µg/mL, and 100%, 1.21 µg/mL, respectively. The crude extract and its major compounds showed no cytotoxicity on normal cells. Notably, three constituents (9, 11, and 12) were identified as new compounds, another three constituents, including 1, 7, and 8, were found to be new natural products, constituents 9 and 13 were determined to be new antioxidants, and compound 13 was reported to have novel potent anti-NO activity for the first time. The results of this study contribute to the enrichment of new natural products and compounds, as well as the novel biological activity of constituents isolated from Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. The current study also indicates ELCTB as a rich natural source of active phenolics. It is suggested that ELCTB could be developed as a health food with promising antioxidant and anti-NO effects, as well as other beneficial biological activities.
Keywords	antioxidants ; anti-NO ; Euonymus laxiflorus ; Walterolactone A (1a) and B (1b) β-d-glucopyranoside ; bioactive compounds ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Novel Potent Hypoglycemic Compounds from Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. and Their Effect on Reducing Plasma Glucose in an ICR Mouse Model

Van Bon Nguyen / San-Lang Wang / Thi Hanh Nguyen / Minh Trung Nguyen / Chien Thang Doan / Thi Ngoc Tran / Zhi-Hu Lin / Quang Vinh Nguyen / Yao-Haur Kuo / Anh Dzung Nguyen

Molecules, Vol 23, Iss 8, p

2018 Volume 1928

Abstract: α-Glucosidase inhibitors (aGIs) have been used as an effective therapy for type-2 diabetes, which remains a global health issue. The aim of this study was to achieve bioactivity-guided isolation, identification and evaluation of hypoglycemic compounds ... ...

Abstract	α-Glucosidase inhibitors (aGIs) have been used as an effective therapy for type-2 diabetes, which remains a global health issue. The aim of this study was to achieve bioactivity-guided isolation, identification and evaluation of hypoglycemic compounds from Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. trunk bark (ELCTB). Eleven active compounds were isolated and identified as walterolactone A/B β-d-pyranoglucoside (1), 1-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzene (9), (−)-gallocatechin (10), schweinfurthinol 9-O-β-d-pyranoglucoside (11), 1-O-(3-methyl)-butenoyl-myo-inositol (12), leonuriside (14), (+)-catechin (19), methyl galloate (20), (−)-catechin (23), and condensed tannins (5 and 18). Of these 11, novel 4 compounds (1, 11, 12, and 14) were found as new α-glucosidase inhibitors. Notably, in vitro results indicated that compounds 1, 5, 10–12, 18, and 19 showed potent activity (IC50 = 0.076−31 µg/mL), and their activities were at a higher level than that of acarbose, a commercial inhibitor (IC50 = 1345 µg/mL). In animal tests, the major inhibitor, condensed tannin (18), demonstrated significant reduction of plasma glucose in mice with no symptoms of diarrhea at the dose of 100 mg/kg bw. The results suggest that Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. is a rich source of bioactive compounds for development as health food or drugs with potent hypoglycemic effect. The results of this study also enriched the current novel biological activities of constituents from Euonymus laxiflorus species.
Keywords	Euonymus laxiflorus Champ ; diabetes ; α-glucosidase inhibitors ; plasma glucose ; condensed tannins ; natural products ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An Amphiprotic Novel Chitosanase from Bacillus mycoides and Its Application in the Production of Chitooligomers with Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation

Tzu-Wen Liang / Wei-Ting Chen / Zhi-Hu Lin / Yao-Haur Kuo / Anh Dzung Nguyen / Po-Shen Pan / San-Lang Wang

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 17, Iss 8, p

2016 Volume 1302

Abstract: The objectives of this investigation were to produce a novel chitosanase for application in industries and waste treatment. The transformation of chitinous biowaste into valuable bioactive chitooligomers (COS) is one of the most exciting applications of ... ...

Abstract	The objectives of this investigation were to produce a novel chitosanase for application in industries and waste treatment. The transformation of chitinous biowaste into valuable bioactive chitooligomers (COS) is one of the most exciting applications of chitosanase. An amphiprotic novel chitosanase from Bacillus mycoides TKU038 using squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium was retrieved from a Taiwan soil sample, which was purified by column chromatography, and characterized by biochemical protocol. Extracellular chitosanase (CS038) was purified to 130-fold with a 35% yield, and its molecular mass was roughly 48 kDa. CS038 was stable over a wide range of pH values (4–10) at 50 °C and exhibited an optimal temperature of 50 °C. Interestingly, the optimum pH values were estimated as 6 and 10, whereas CS038 exhibited chitosan-degrading activity (100% and 94%, respectively). CS038 had Km and Vmax values of 0.098 mg/mL and 1.336 U/min, separately, using different concentrations of water-soluble chitosan. A combination of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer data revealed that the chitosan oligosaccharides obtained from the hydrolysis of chitosan by CS038 comprise oligomers with multiple degrees of polymerization (DP), varying from 3–9, as well as CS038 in an endolytic fashion. The TKU038 culture supernatant and COS mixture exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities. The COS activities were dose dependent and correlated to their DP. The COS with high DP exhibited enhanced DPPH radical scavenging capability compared with COS with low DP. Furthermore, the COS exhibited inhibitory behavior on nitric oxide (NO) production in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, which was induced by Escherichia coli O111 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The COS with low DP possesses a more potent anti-inflammatory capability to decrease NO production (IC50, 76.27 ± 1.49 µg/mL) than that of COS with high DP (IC50, 82.65 ...
Keywords	chitosanase ; amphiprotic ; squid pen ; Bacillus mycoides ; chitooligomers ; antioxidant ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Cucurbitane-type glycosides from the fruits of Momordica charantia and their hypoglycaemic and cytotoxic activities

Zhang, Li-Jie / Chia-Ching Liaw / Feng-Lin Hsu / Hui-Chi Huang / Ming-Jen Lin / Ping-Chun Hsiao / Yao-Haur Kuo / Zhi-Hu Lin

Journal of functional foods. 2014 Jan., v. 6

2014

Abstract: Eight new cucurbitane-type glycosides, kuguasaponins AâH (1â8), and six known compounds (9â14), were isolated by the bioassay-directed fractionation of the fruits of Momordica charantia. The structures of the compounds were established via ... ...

Abstract	Eight new cucurbitane-type glycosides, kuguasaponins AâH (1â8), and six known compounds (9â14), were isolated by the bioassay-directed fractionation of the fruits of Momordica charantia. The structures of the compounds were established via spectroscopic analyses, including NMR, IR, and MS techniques. The stereochemistry of the isolated cucurbitanes was further determined using X-ray crystallographic analysis, NOESY experiments, and acid hydrolysis, as well as comparison with the cucurbitanes reported in the literature. The HPLC profiles of the active fraction by an ELSD detector were established and used to identify the 7 main peaks of the isolated cucurbitanes. Pharmacological studies on the anti-hyperglycaemic effects revealed that compounds 2, 3, 7, 8, and 13 exhibited strong bioactivities at 10Î¼M based on the glucose uptake assay. In addition, compounds 2â5, and 14 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7, Doay, HEp-2, and WiDr human tumour cell lines and no activity against the M10 cell line.
Keywords	acid hydrolysis ; cytotoxicity ; fractionation ; fruits ; glucose ; glycemic effect ; glycosides ; high performance liquid chromatography ; human cell lines ; Momordica charantia ; neoplasm cells ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; stereochemistry ; X-ray diffraction
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-01
Size	p. 564-574.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2511964-3
ISSN	1756-4646
ISSN	1756-4646
DOI	10.1016/j.jff.2013.11.025
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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