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  1. Article: Photodynamic Therapy with Verteporfin for Choroidal Metastasis Refractory to Radiotherapy.

    Zhou, Raymond / Reichstein, David

    Case reports in oncology

    2019  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) 861–865

    Abstract: A 54-year old female with longstanding metastatic breast cancer was referred for management of choroidal metastases. She was first treated with external beam radiotherapy and experienced some response before later suffering progression of her eye disease. ...

    Abstract A 54-year old female with longstanding metastatic breast cancer was referred for management of choroidal metastases. She was first treated with external beam radiotherapy and experienced some response before later suffering progression of her eye disease. We then treated her using full fluence Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Verteporfin, which resulted in regression of her lesions until she passed away due to other illnesses. This is the first documented successful application of PDT for choroidal metastasis from a primary breast cancer refractory to external beam radiotherapy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2458961-5
    ISSN 1662-6575
    ISSN 1662-6575
    DOI 10.1159/000502226
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Transparency in Artificial Intelligence Reporting in Ophthalmology-A Scoping Review.

    Chen, Dinah / Geevarghese, Alexi / Lee, Samuel / Plovnick, Caitlin / Elgin, Cansu / Zhou, Raymond / Oermann, Eric / Aphinyonaphongs, Yindalon / Al-Aswad, Lama A

    Ophthalmology science

    2024  Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 100471

    Abstract: Topic: This scoping review summarizes artificial intelligence (AI) reporting in ophthalmology literature in respect to model development and validation. We characterize the state of transparency in reporting of studies prospectively validating models ... ...

    Abstract Topic: This scoping review summarizes artificial intelligence (AI) reporting in ophthalmology literature in respect to model development and validation. We characterize the state of transparency in reporting of studies prospectively validating models for disease classification.
    Clinical relevance: Understanding what elements authors currently describe regarding their AI models may aid in the future standardization of reporting. This review highlights the need for transparency to facilitate the critical appraisal of models prior to clinical implementation, to minimize bias and inappropriate use. Transparent reporting can improve effective and equitable use in clinical settings.
    Methods: Eligible articles (as of January 2022) from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL were independently screened by 2 reviewers. All observational and clinical trial studies evaluating the performance of an AI model for disease classification of ophthalmic conditions were included. Studies were evaluated for reporting of parameters derived from reporting guidelines (CONSORT-AI, MI-CLAIM) and our previously published editorial on model cards. The reporting of these factors, which included basic model and dataset details (source, demographics), and prospective validation outcomes, were summarized.
    Results: Thirty-seven prospective validation studies were included in the scoping review. Eleven additional associated training and/or retrospective validation studies were included if this information could not be determined from the primary articles. These 37 studies validated 27 unique AI models; multiple studies evaluated the same algorithms (EyeArt, IDx-DR, and Medios AI). Details of model development were variably reported; 18 of 27 models described training dataset annotation and 10 of 27 studies reported training data distribution. Demographic information of training data was rarely reported; 7 of the 27 unique models reported age and gender and only 2 reported race and/or ethnicity. At the level of prospective clinical validation, age and gender of populations was more consistently reported (29 and 28 of 37 studies, respectively), but only 9 studies reported race and/or ethnicity data. Scope of use was difficult to discern for the majority of models. Fifteen studies did not state or imply primary users.
    Conclusion: Our scoping review demonstrates variable reporting of information related to both model development and validation. The intention of our study was not to assess the quality of the factors we examined, but to characterize what information is, and is not, regularly reported. Our results suggest the need for greater transparency in the reporting of information necessary to determine the appropriateness and fairness of these tools prior to clinical use.
    Financial disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-9145
    ISSN (online) 2666-9145
    DOI 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100471
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Online: Deep Image Debanding

    Zhou, Raymond / Athar, Shahrukh / Wang, Zhongling / Wang, Zhou

    2021  

    Abstract: Banding or false contour is an annoying visual artifact whose impact is even more pronounced in ultra high definition, high dynamic range, and wide colour gamut visual content, which is becoming increasingly popular. Since users associate a heightened ... ...

    Abstract Banding or false contour is an annoying visual artifact whose impact is even more pronounced in ultra high definition, high dynamic range, and wide colour gamut visual content, which is becoming increasingly popular. Since users associate a heightened expectation of quality with such content and banding leads to deteriorated visual quality-of-experience, the area of banding removal or debanding has taken paramount importance. Existing debanding approaches are mostly knowledge-driven. Despite the widespread success of deep learning in other areas of image processing and computer vision, data-driven debanding approaches remain surprisingly missing. In this work, we make one of the first attempts to develop a deep learning based banding artifact removal method for images and name it deep debanding network (deepDeband). For its training, we construct a large-scale dataset of 51,490 pairs of corresponding pristine and banded image patches. Performance evaluation shows that deepDeband is successful at greatly reducing banding artifacts in images, outperforming existing methods both quantitatively and visually.

    Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables
    Keywords Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2021-10-16
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Photodynamic Therapy with Verteporfin for Choroidal Metastasis Refractory to Radiotherapy

    Zhou, Raymond / Reichstein, David

    Case Reports in Oncology

    2019  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) 861–865

    Abstract: A 54-year old female with longstanding metastatic breast cancer was referred for management of choroidal metastases. She was first treated with external beam radiotherapy and experienced some response before later suffering progression of her eye disease. ...

    Institution Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
    Tennessee Retina Associates, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
    Abstract A 54-year old female with longstanding metastatic breast cancer was referred for management of choroidal metastases. She was first treated with external beam radiotherapy and experienced some response before later suffering progression of her eye disease. We then treated her using full fluence Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Verteporfin, which resulted in regression of her lesions until she passed away due to other illnesses. This is the first documented successful application of PDT for choroidal metastasis from a primary breast cancer refractory to external beam radiotherapy.
    Keywords Choroidal metastasis ; Ocular oncology ; Photodynamic therapy ; Radiotherapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-13
    Publisher S. Karger AG
    Publishing place Basel, Switzerland
    Document type Article
    Note Case Report ; This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC).
    ZDB-ID 2458961-5
    ISSN 1662-6575 ; 1662-6575
    ISSN (online) 1662-6575
    ISSN 1662-6575
    DOI 10.1159/000502226
    Database Karger publisher's database

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  5. Article ; Online: Age Does Not Influence the Positive Predictive Value of Vision Screening to Detect Amblyopia Risk Factors.

    Zhou, Raymond / Pfister, Tyler / Liu, Yuhan / Chen, Qingxia / Donahue, Sean P

    Ophthalmology

    2021  Volume 129, Issue 2, Page(s) 230–231

    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Amblyopia/diagnosis ; Amblyopia/physiopathology ; Astigmatism/diagnosis ; Child, Preschool ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperopia/diagnosis ; Infant ; Male ; Myopia/diagnosis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Risk Factors ; Strabismus/diagnosis ; Vision Screening/methods ; Vision Screening/standards ; Visual Acuity/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 392083-5
    ISSN 1549-4713 ; 0161-6420
    ISSN (online) 1549-4713
    ISSN 0161-6420
    DOI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.08.026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Age-associated impairment of T cell immunity is linked to sex-dimorphic elevation of N-glycan branching.

    Mkhikian, Haik / Hayama, Ken L / Khachikyan, Khachik / Li, Carey / Zhou, Raymond W / Pawling, Judy / Klaus, Suzi / Tran, Phuong Q N / Ly, Kim M / Gong, Andrew D / Saryan, Hayk / Hai, Jasper L / Grigoryan, David / Lee, Philip L / Newton, Barbara L / Raffatellu, Manuela / Dennis, James W / Demetriou, Michael

    Nature aging

    2022  Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 231–242

    Abstract: Impaired T cell immunity with aging increases mortality from infectious disease. The branching of Asparagine-linked glycans is a critical negative regulator of T cell immunity. Here we show that branching increases with age in females more than males, in ...

    Abstract Impaired T cell immunity with aging increases mortality from infectious disease. The branching of Asparagine-linked glycans is a critical negative regulator of T cell immunity. Here we show that branching increases with age in females more than males, in naïve more than memory T cells, and in CD4
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Acetylglucosamine ; Interleukin-7 ; Aging ; Polysaccharides
    Chemical Substances Acetylglucosamine (V956696549) ; Interleukin-7 ; Polysaccharides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2662-8465
    ISSN (online) 2662-8465
    DOI 10.1038/s43587-022-00187-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Risk of vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on MRI in the treatment of infantile spasms is dose-dependent.

    Hussain, Shaun A / Tsao, Jackie / Li, Menglu / Schwarz, Madeline D / Zhou, Raymond / Wu, Joyce Y / Salamon, Noriko / Sankar, Raman

    Epilepsia

    2017  Volume 58, Issue 4, Page(s) 674–682

    Abstract: Objective: Although the link between vigabatrin (VGB) and retinotoxicity is well known, little attention has been focused on the risk of VGB-associated brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (VABAM), namely reversible-and largely ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Although the link between vigabatrin (VGB) and retinotoxicity is well known, little attention has been focused on the risk of VGB-associated brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (VABAM), namely reversible-and largely asymptomatic-signal changes in the thalami, basal ganglia, brainstem tegmentum, and cerebellar nuclei. Using a large infantile spasms cohort, we set out to identify predictors of these phenomena.
    Methods: Children with infantile spasms were retrospectively identified. Brain MRI reports were serially reviewed without knowledge of VGB exposure. Upon VABAM discovery, records were systematically reviewed to ascertain presence of symptoms attributable to VGB. Separately, progress notes were sequentially reviewed to identify and quantify VGB exposure.
    Results: We identified 507 brain MRI studies among 257 patients with infantile spasms. VGB treatment was documented in 143 children, with detailed exposure data available for 104, of whom 45 had at least one MRI study during VGB treatment. Among the limited subset of asymptomatic children who underwent MRI (n = 40), 6 exhibited VABAM. Risk of asymptomatic VABAM was dose-dependent, as peak (but not cumulative) VGB dosage was strongly associated with asymptomatic VABAM (p = 0.0028). In an exploratory analysis, we encountered 4 children with symptomatic VABAM among 104 patients with detailed VGB exposure data. Risk of symptomatic VABAM was seemingly dose-independent, and potentially associated with concomitant hormonal therapy (i.e., prednisolone and adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]) (p = 0.039).
    Significance: We have demonstrated dose-dependent risk of asymptomatic VABAM and uncovered a possible association between symptomatic VABAM and concomitant hormonal therapy. Caution should be exercised in the use of high VGB dosage (i.e., >175 mg/kg/day), and further study is warranted to confirm the potential impact of hormonal therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Anticonvulsants/adverse effects ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/drug effects ; Child, Preschool ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Spasms, Infantile/diagnostic imaging ; Spasms, Infantile/drug therapy ; Vigabatrin/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Anticonvulsants ; Vigabatrin (GR120KRT6K)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 216382-2
    ISSN 1528-1167 ; 0013-9580
    ISSN (online) 1528-1167
    ISSN 0013-9580
    DOI 10.1111/epi.13712
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Golgi self-correction generates bioequivalent glycans to preserve cellular homeostasis.

    Mkhikian, Haik / Mortales, Christie-Lynn / Zhou, Raymond W / Khachikyan, Khachik / Wu, Gang / Haslam, Stuart M / Kavarian, Patil / Dell, Anne / Demetriou, Michael

    eLife

    2016  Volume 5

    Abstract: Essential biological systems employ self-correcting mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis. Mammalian cell function is dynamically regulated by the interaction of cell surface galectins with branched N-glycans. Here we report that N-glycan branching ...

    Abstract Essential biological systems employ self-correcting mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis. Mammalian cell function is dynamically regulated by the interaction of cell surface galectins with branched N-glycans. Here we report that N-glycan branching deficiency triggers the Golgi to generate bioequivalent N-glycans that preserve galectin-glycoprotein interactions and cellular homeostasis. Galectins bind N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) units within N-glycans initiated from UDP-GlcNAc by the medial-Golgi branching enzymes as well as the trans-Golgi poly-LacNAc extension enzyme β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (B3GNT). Marginally reducing LacNAc content by limiting N-glycans to three branches results in T-cell hyperactivity and autoimmunity; yet further restricting branching does not produce a more hyperactive state. Rather, new poly-LacNAc extension by B3GNT maintains galectin binding and immune homeostasis. Poly-LacNAc extension is triggered by redistribution of unused UDP-GlcNAc from the medial to trans-Golgi via inter-cisternal tubules. These data demonstrate the functional equivalency of structurally dissimilar N-glycans and suggest a self-correcting feature of the Golgi that sustains cellular homeostasis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Galectins/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Mice ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Galectins ; Glycoproteins ; Polysaccharides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.14814
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: A lack of clinically apparent vision loss among patients treated with vigabatrin with infantile spasms: The UCLA experience.

    Schwarz, Madeline D / Li, Menglu / Tsao, Jackie / Zhou, Raymond / Wu, Yvonne W / Sankar, Raman / Wu, Joyce Y / Hussain, Shaun A

    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B

    2016  Volume 57, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 29–33

    Abstract: Background: Vigabatrin (VGB) is one of two FDA-approved medications for treatment of infantile spasms. Despite demonstrated efficacy, its use has been curtailed by reports indicating a substantial risk of VGB-associated visual field loss (VAVFL). As ... ...

    Abstract Background: Vigabatrin (VGB) is one of two FDA-approved medications for treatment of infantile spasms. Despite demonstrated efficacy, its use has been curtailed by reports indicating a substantial risk of VGB-associated visual field loss (VAVFL). As these reports have conflicted with our clinical observations in routine practice, we systematically reviewed the experiences of patients treated with VGB at UCLA to estimate the prevalence of clinically apparent VAVFL.
    Methods: Patients with video-EEG-confirmed infantile spasms evaluated at our center between February 2007 and February 2014 were retrospectively identified. Among patients with VGB exposure, we documented relevant clinical factors and determined the duration of therapy, peak dosage, and cumulative dosage. Based on a review of serial neurologic and ophthalmologic reports and aided by electroretinography (ERG) assessments when available, we ascertained whether each patient had evidence of clinically apparent vision impairment (i.e., recognized by a neurologist or ophthalmologist during any follow-up visit) and whether or not the vision loss was attributed to VGB exposure (i.e., evidence of bilateral, symmetric, and peripheral visual field loss), either by the treating physician or on retrospective review by the study team.
    Results: During the study period, 257 patients with video-EEG-confirmed infantile spasms were identified. One hundred and forty-three (56%) patients received VGB. Although visual loss of any cause was common among patients with (31%) and without (32%) VGB exposure, there were no cases in which visual field defects were plausibly linked to VGB. We estimate that the risk of clinically significant VAVFL does not exceed 3.2% (95% CI upper bound). Vision loss was never characterized as exclusively peripheral and was always better explained by other causes (e.g., hemianopsia following hemispherectomy and cortical vision impairment after hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy). Precise quantitative exposure data were available for 104 (73%) patients treated with VGB, among whom the median duration of treatment was 8.6 (IQR: 3.7-16.2) months, the median peak dosage was 141.5 (IQR: 104.8-166.0) mg/kg/day, and the median cumulative dosage was 314 (IQR: 140.8-645.7) grams.
    Conclusions: We found that the risk of clinically apparent vision loss is quite low among young children treated for infantile spasms. Our estimate of risk contrasts with prior studies and likely reflects our ascertainment of vision loss without the aid of perimetry or serial ERG, the short treatment duration, and the relatively young age of our patients. In the treatment of infantile spasms, risk-benefit assessment should consider both the low prevalence of ERG-identified VAVFL among patients with brief (<6-9months) exposure and the very low prevalence of clinically apparent VAVFL in this population.
    MeSH term(s) Anticonvulsants/adverse effects ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; California/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Spasms, Infantile/drug therapy ; Time Factors ; Vigabatrin/adverse effects ; Vigabatrin/therapeutic use ; Vision Disorders/chemically induced ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology ; Visual Field Tests
    Chemical Substances Anticonvulsants ; Vigabatrin (GR120KRT6K)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2010587-3
    ISSN 1525-5069 ; 1525-5050
    ISSN (online) 1525-5069
    ISSN 1525-5050
    DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.01.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Hypomorphic MGAT5 polymorphisms promote multiple sclerosis cooperatively with MGAT1 and interleukin-2 and 7 receptor variants.

    Li, Carey F / Zhou, Raymond W / Mkhikian, Haik / Newton, Barbara L / Yu, Zhaoxia / Demetriou, Michael

    Journal of neuroimmunology

    2013  Volume 256, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 71–76

    Abstract: Deficiency of the Golgi N-glycan branching enzyme Mgat5 in mice promotes T cell hyperactivity, endocytosis of CTLA-4 and autoimmunity, including a spontaneous multiple sclerosis (MS)-like disease. Multiple genetic and environmental MS risk factors lower ... ...

    Abstract Deficiency of the Golgi N-glycan branching enzyme Mgat5 in mice promotes T cell hyperactivity, endocytosis of CTLA-4 and autoimmunity, including a spontaneous multiple sclerosis (MS)-like disease. Multiple genetic and environmental MS risk factors lower N-glycan branching in T cells. These include variants in interleukin-2 receptor-α (IL2RA), interleukin-7 receptor-α (IL7RA), and MGAT1, a Golgi branching enzyme upstream of MGAT5, as well as vitamin D3 deficiency and Golgi substrate metabolism. Here we describe linked intronic variants of MGAT5 that are associated with reduced N-glycan branching, CTLA-4 surface expression and MS (p=5.79×10(-9), n=7,741), the latter additive with the MGAT1, IL2RA and IL7RA MS risk variants (p=1.76×10(-9), OR=0.67-1.83, n=3,518).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; CTLA-4 Antigen/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Galactosyltransferases/genetics ; Galactosyltransferases/metabolism ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/genetics ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-7/genetics ; Risk Factors ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances CTLA-4 Antigen ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; Receptors, Interleukin-7 ; Galactosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-) ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 8335-5
    ISSN 1872-8421 ; 0165-5728
    ISSN (online) 1872-8421
    ISSN 0165-5728
    DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.12.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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