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  1. Article ; Online: Open-environment machine learning.

    Zhou, Zhi-Hua

    National science review

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) nwac123

    Abstract: Conventional machine learning studies generally ... ...

    Abstract Conventional machine learning studies generally assume
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2745465-4
    ISSN 2053-714X ; 2053-714X
    ISSN (online) 2053-714X
    ISSN 2053-714X
    DOI 10.1093/nsr/nwac123
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  2. Book ; Online: A Theoretical Perspective of Machine Learning with Computational Resource Concerns

    Zhou, Zhi-Hua

    2023  

    Abstract: Conventional theoretical machine learning studies generally assume explicitly or implicitly that there are enough or even infinitely supplied computational resources. In real practice, however, computational resources are usually limited, and the ... ...

    Abstract Conventional theoretical machine learning studies generally assume explicitly or implicitly that there are enough or even infinitely supplied computational resources. In real practice, however, computational resources are usually limited, and the performance of machine learning depends not only on how many data have been received, but also on how many data can be handled with the computational resources available. Note that most current ``intelligent supercomputing'' facilities work like exclusive operating systems, where a fixed amount of resources are allocated to a machine learning task without adaptive scheduling strategies considering important factors such as learning performance demands and learning process status. In this article, we introduce the notion of machine learning throughput, define Computational Resource Efficient Learning (CoRE-Learning) and present a theoretical framework that takes into account the influence of computational resources in learning theory. This framework can be naturally applied to stream learning where the incoming data streams can be potentially endless with overwhelming size and it is impractical to assume that all received data can be handled in time. It may also provide a theoretical perspective for the design of intelligent supercomputing operating systems.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-05-03
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  3. Article ; Online: Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapies.

    Zhou, Zhi Dong / Kihara, Alexandre Hiroaki

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 18

    Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive degeneration or death of neurons in the central or peripheral nervous system [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive degeneration or death of neurons in the central or peripheral nervous system [...].
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy ; Neurons ; Peripheral Nervous System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms241813721
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  4. Article ; Online: Effects of occupational noise exposure on hearing loss: regulatory effect of Mediterranean diet.

    Zhou, Zhi / Lang, Ling / Xie, Juan

    Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: To assess regulatory effect of Mediterranean diet for occupational noise exposure and hearing loss.: Methods: This cross-sectional study included 4,757 individuals. Weighted logistic regression model was adopted to explore the association ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess regulatory effect of Mediterranean diet for occupational noise exposure and hearing loss.
    Methods: This cross-sectional study included 4,757 individuals. Weighted logistic regression model was adopted to explore the association of occupational noise exposure and Mediterranean diet with hearing loss, and regulatory effects of the Mediterranean diet for the relationship of occupational noise exposure and hearing loss.
    Results: Occupational noise exposure was associated with an increased odds of hearing loss. Under low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the occupational noise exposure group was related to increased odds of hearing loss. Under high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, no significant difference was observed between occupational noise exposure and hearing loss, and adjusted effect size was reduced accordingly.
    Conclusion: Mediterranean diet may moderate this relationship of occupational noise exposure and hearing loss to some degree.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1223932-x
    ISSN 1536-5948 ; 1076-2752
    ISSN (online) 1536-5948
    ISSN 1076-2752
    DOI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000003110
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  5. Article: Mapping the Metabolic Characteristics and Perturbation of Adult

    Zhou, Zhi / Sun, Yue / Yang, Ji / Abliz, Zeper

    Metabolites

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 4

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Casper
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662251-8
    ISSN 2218-1989
    ISSN 2218-1989
    DOI 10.3390/metabo14040204
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  6. Book ; Online: Open-environment Machine Learning

    Zhou, Zhi-Hua

    2022  

    Abstract: Conventional machine learning studies generally assume close-environment scenarios where important factors of the learning process hold invariant. With the great success of machine learning, nowadays, more and more practical tasks, particularly those ... ...

    Abstract Conventional machine learning studies generally assume close-environment scenarios where important factors of the learning process hold invariant. With the great success of machine learning, nowadays, more and more practical tasks, particularly those involving open-environment scenarios where important factors are subject to change, called open-environment machine learning (Open ML) in this article, are present to the community. Evidently it is a grand challenge for machine learning turning from close environment to open environment. It becomes even more challenging since, in various big data tasks, data are usually accumulated with time, like streams, while it is hard to train the machine learning model after collecting all data as in conventional studies. This article briefly introduces some advances in this line of research, focusing on techniques concerning emerging new classes, decremental/incremental features, changing data distributions, varied learning objectives, and discusses some theoretical issues.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  7. Article ; Online: Margin Distribution Analysis.

    Wang, Jun / Zhou, Zhi-Hua

    IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 8, Page(s) 3948–3960

    Abstract: Margin is an important concept in machine learning; theoretical analyses further reveal that the distribution of margin plays a more critical role than the minimum margin in generalization power. Recently, several approaches have achieved performance ... ...

    Abstract Margin is an important concept in machine learning; theoretical analyses further reveal that the distribution of margin plays a more critical role than the minimum margin in generalization power. Recently, several approaches have achieved performance breakthroughs by optimizing the margin distribution, but their computational cost, which is usually higher than before, still hinders them to be widely applied. In this article, we propose margin distribution analysis (MDA), which optimizes the margin distribution more simply by maximizing the margin mean and minimizing the margin variance simultaneously. MDA is efficient and resistive to class-imbalance naturally, since its objective distinguishes the margin means of different classes and can be broken up into two linear equations. In practice, it can also cooperate with other frameworks such as reweight-minimization when facing complex circumstances with noise and outliers. Empirical studies validate the superiority of MDA in real-world data sets, and demonstrate that simple approaches can also perform competitively by optimizing margin distribution.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2162-2388
    ISSN (online) 2162-2388
    DOI 10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3054979
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  8. Article ; Online: Extrinsic proofreading.

    Zhou, Zhi-Xiong / Kunkel, Thomas A

    DNA repair

    2022  Volume 117, Page(s) 103369

    Abstract: The high fidelity of replication of the nuclear DNA genome in eukaryotes involves three processes. Correct rather than incorrect dNTPs are almost always incorporated by the three major replicases, DNA polymerases α, δ and ε. When an incorrect base is ... ...

    Abstract The high fidelity of replication of the nuclear DNA genome in eukaryotes involves three processes. Correct rather than incorrect dNTPs are almost always incorporated by the three major replicases, DNA polymerases α, δ and ε. When an incorrect base is occasionally inserted, the latter Pols δ and ε also have a 3 ´ to 5 ´ exonuclease activity that can remove the mismatch to allow correct DNA synthesis to proceed. Lastly, rare mismatches that escape proofreading activity and are present in newly replicated DNA can be removed by DNA mismatch repair. In this review, we consider evidence supporting the hypothesis that the second mechanism, proofreading, can operate in two different ways. Primer terminal mismatches made by either Pol δ or Pol ε can be 'intrinsically' proofread. This mechanism occurs by direct transfer of a misinserted base made at the polymerase active site to the exonuclease active site that is located a short distance away. Intrinsic proofreading allows mismatch excision without intervening enzyme dissociation. Alternatively, considerable evidence suggests that mismatches made by any of the three replicases can also be proofread by 'extrinsic' proofreading by Pol δ. Extrinsic proofreading occurs when a mismatch made by any of the three replicases is initially abandoned, thereby allowing the exonuclease active site of Pol δ to bind directly to and remove the mismatch before replication continues. Here we review the evidence that extrinsic proofreading significantly enhances the fidelity of nuclear DNA replication, and we then briefly consider the implications of this process for evolution and disease.
    MeSH term(s) DNA ; DNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; DNA Polymerase III/metabolism ; DNA Replication ; Exonucleases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2) ; DNA Polymerase II (EC 2.7.7.7) ; DNA Polymerase III (EC 2.7.7.7) ; Exonucleases (EC 3.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2071608-4
    ISSN 1568-7856 ; 1568-7864
    ISSN (online) 1568-7856
    ISSN 1568-7864
    DOI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103369
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    Zs.A 5555: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Theoretical Exploration of Flexible Transmitter Model.

    Wu, Jin-Hui / Zhang, Shao-Qun / Jiang, Yuan / Zhou, Zhi-Hua

    IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems

    2024  Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 3674–3688

    Abstract: Neural network models generally involve two important components, i.e., network architecture and neuron model. Although there are abundant studies about network architectures, only a few neuron models have been developed, such as the MP neuron model ... ...

    Abstract Neural network models generally involve two important components, i.e., network architecture and neuron model. Although there are abundant studies about network architectures, only a few neuron models have been developed, such as the MP neuron model developed in 1943 and the spiking neuron model developed in the 1950s. Recently, a new bio-plausible neuron model, flexible transmitter (FT) model (Zhang and Zhou, 2021), has been proposed. It exhibits promising behaviors, particularly on temporal-spatial signals, even when simply embedded into the common feedforward network architecture. This article attempts to understand the properties of the FT network (FTNet) theoretically. Under mild assumptions, we show that: 1) FTNet is a universal approximator; 2) the approximation complexity of FTNet can be exponentially smaller than those of commonly used real-valued neural networks with feedforward/recurrent architectures and is of the same order in the worst case; and 3) any local minimum of FTNet is the global minimum, implying that it is possible to identify global minima by local search algorithms.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2162-2388
    ISSN (online) 2162-2388
    DOI 10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3195909
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  10. Article ; Online: Mapping and ablation of ventricular arrhythmias arising from the left ventricular summit.

    Zhou, Zhi-Xiang / Zheng, Cheng / Hu, You-Dong / Lin, Jia Feng

    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE

    2024  Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 242–252

    Abstract: The left ventricular summit (LVS) refers to the highest portion of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). It is an epicardially delimited triangular area by the left coronary arteries and the coronary venous circulation. Its deep myocardium ... ...

    Abstract The left ventricular summit (LVS) refers to the highest portion of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). It is an epicardially delimited triangular area by the left coronary arteries and the coronary venous circulation. Its deep myocardium correlates closely with the left coronary cusp, aortic-mitral continuity, and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), complicating the anatomical relationship. Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from this area are common, accounting for 14.5% of all VAs origin from left ventricle. Specific electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics may assist in locating LVS-VAs pre-procedure and facilitate procedure planning. However, catheter ablation of LVS-VAs remains challenging because of anatomical constraints. This paper reviews the recent understanding of LVS anatomy, concludes ECG characteristics, and summarizes current mapping and ablation methods for LVS-VAs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Heart Ventricles/surgery ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/surgery ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Aorta/surgery ; Myocardium ; Catheter Ablation/methods ; Electrocardiography/methods ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 424437-0
    ISSN 1540-8159 ; 0147-8389
    ISSN (online) 1540-8159
    ISSN 0147-8389
    DOI 10.1111/pace.14932
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