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Article ; Online: Synthesis of N-H Aziridines from Unactivated Olefins Using Hydroxylamine-

Huang, Yi / Zhu, Shi-Yang / He, Gang / Chen, Gong / Wang, Hao

2024

Abstract: Herein, we presented a practical methodology for the intermolecular aziridination of alkenes, using HOSA as the aminating agent, alongside pyridine or piperidine as the base, within HFIP solvent system. Notably, this approach showcases excellent ... ...

Abstract	Herein, we presented a practical methodology for the intermolecular aziridination of alkenes, using HOSA as the aminating agent, alongside pyridine or piperidine as the base, within HFIP solvent system. Notably, this approach showcases excellent reactivity, especially with nonactivated alkenes, and facilitates the transformation of various alkenes substrates, including mono-, di-, tri, and tetra-substituted alkenes, into aziridines with moderate to excellent yield. This method presents a promising avenue for synthesizing aziridines from a wide range of alkenes, featuring the benefits of straightforward operation, mild reaction conditions, extensive substrate compatibility, and scalability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123490-0
ISSN	1520-6904 ; 0022-3263
ISSN (online)	1520-6904
ISSN	0022-3263
DOI	10.1021/acs.joc.4c00253
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Article ; Online: The effect of Ding-kun-dan comparing with Marvelon on primary dysmenorrhea: A prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial

Gan, Jingwen / Zhu, Shi-yang / Ma, Xiao / Ding, Xue-song / Deng, Yan / Wang, Yanfang / Sun, Ai-jun

Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2024 Jan., v. 318 p.116975-

2024

Abstract: Ding-kun-dan (DKD), as one of well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is considered as an effective prescription to regulate menstruation, benefit Qi and nourish the blood. Previous studies had showed that DKD could improve sex hormone levels, ... ...

Abstract	Ding-kun-dan (DKD), as one of well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is considered as an effective prescription to regulate menstruation, benefit Qi and nourish the blood. Previous studies had showed that DKD could improve sex hormone levels, insulin resistance, metabolism abnormalities and regulate immunity in animal models with polycystic ovary syndrome or endometriosis, however, little study conducted to reveal its clinical efficacy in Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD). To compare the effect of Ding-kun-dan (DKD) with Marvelon on relief of symptoms and change of serum pain-related factors in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. 136 patients with primary dysmenorrhea were randomly assigned to the DKD group (n = 73, take one tablet per day from 5th day of the menstrual cycle for 10 days every 28 days) and the Marvelon group (n = 63, take one tablet per day from 5th day of the menstrual cycle for 21 days every 28 days), the therapeutic effects were analyzed through evaluating the change of VAS scores, CMSS scores and the level of PGF₂ₐ, PGE₂, PGF₂ₐ/PGE₂ and NO during the 12 weeks intervention. Both DKD and Marvelon could effectively relief pain and other associated symptoms at each visit (Baseline, 4ᵗʰ week, 8ᵗʰ week and 12ᵗʰ week). Although Marvelon was significantly superior to DKD in reducing VAS scores, the total CMSS, CMSS severity and duration scores at each posttreatment follow-up (P < 0.01), VAS scores in the DKD group decreased significantly over time while scores in the COC group only dropped rapidly after the first two months of treatment. Efficacy gap between two interventions continuously narrowed over time and the efficacy of DKD became non-inferior at the 12ᵗʰ week compared to that of Marvelon (the difference between groups, – 0.78%; 95% confidence interval (CI), −13.67%–12.75%; non-inferiority margin, 15%). DKD group had better efficacy on mild pain compared to that of the COC group with no statistical difference (75% VS 61.9%, P > 0.05). DKD and Marvelon could effectively reduce PGF₂ₐ, PGE₂ and higher PGF₂ₐ/PGE₂ in patients with PD. There was no statistical difference in the level of PGF₂ₐ, PGE₂, PGF₂ₐ/PGE₂ and NO between DKD and Marvelon group at each follow-up. No serious adverse effect was observed. Ding-kun-dan is another available, effective and safe method for patients with primary dysmenorrhea to choose, especially for those who are suffered from mild pain and/or contraindicated to hormonal agents.
Keywords	Oriental traditional medicine ; adverse effects ; animals ; blood serum ; confidence interval ; endometriosis ; immunity ; insulin resistance ; menstruation ; metabolism ; pain ; polycystic ovary syndrome ; therapeutics ; Primary dysmenorrhea ; Ding-kun-dan ; Marvelon ; VAS ; CMSS ; PGF2a ; PGE2 ; PGF2a/PGE2
Language	English
Dates of publication	2024-01
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.116975
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Article ; Online: The role of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for recurrence prevention after conservative surgery among patients with coexistent ovarian endometrioma and diffuse adenomyosis: A retrospective case control study with long-term follow up.

Shi, Jing-Hua / Zhu, Shi-Yang / Li, Xiao-Yan / Dai, Yi / Leng, Jin-Hua

Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction

2023 Volume 52, Issue 5, Page(s) 102572

Abstract: Background: When ovarian endometrioma coexist with adenomyosis, the risk of postoperative recurrence increased. How is the effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on symptomatic recurrence for those patients was unknown.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: When ovarian endometrioma coexist with adenomyosis, the risk of postoperative recurrence increased. How is the effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on symptomatic recurrence for those patients was unknown. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 119 women with coexistent endometrioma and diffuse adenomyosis who received laparoscopic excision of pelvic endometriosis from January 2009 to April 2013. Women were categorized into two groups: intervention group with LNG-IUS and control group with expectant observation after surgery. Data were compared in terms of preoperative history, laboratory and intraoperative findings, and clinical outcomes during follow-up, including pain regression, changes in uterine volume and recurrence. Results: During a median 79 months (range, 6-107) of follow-up, patients with LNG-IUS experienced a significantly lower symptomatic recurrence of either ovarian endometrioma or dysmenorrhea (11.1% vs. 31.1%, p = 0.013), compared with women under expectant observation by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (χ Conclusion: Postoperative insertion of LNG-IUS may prevent recurrence in symptomatic women with comorbidity of ovarian endometrioma and diffuse adenomyosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Endometriosis/complications ; Endometriosis/surgery ; Endometriosis/drug therapy ; Levonorgestrel/therapeutic use ; Dysmenorrhea/prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adenomyosis/complications ; Adenomyosis/surgery ; Case-Control Studies ; Intrauterine Devices, Medicated
Chemical Substances	Levonorgestrel (5W7SIA7YZW)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-11
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2468-7847
ISSN (online)	2468-7847
DOI	10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102572
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Article ; Online: Metagenomics study on taxonomic and functional change of gut microbiota in patients with obesity with PCOS treated with exenatide combination with metformin or metformin alone.

Gan, Jingwen / Chen, Jie / Ma, Rui-Lin / Deng, Yan / Ding, Xue-Song / Zhu, Shi-Yang / Sun, Ai-Jun

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology

2023 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 2219342

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of exenatide treatment on the composition of intestinal flora and metabolic pathways in patients with obesity with polycystic ovary syndrome.: Methods: Patients with obesity with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the effect of exenatide treatment on the composition of intestinal flora and metabolic pathways in patients with obesity with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: Patients with obesity with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were distributed to two groups: one received exenatide combined with metformin (COM group, Results: The level of BMI, TT, HbA1c, and HDL-c was significantly improved in both groups. The MF and COM groups were abundant in Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Uroviricota, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Hungatella, and certain probiotics like Phocaeicola and Anaerobutyricum significantly increased in both groups after treatment. Enriched microbial species in the MF and COM group were different. Clostridium, Fusobacterium, and Oxalobacter were the main bacteria in the post-MF group, while Conclusion: Both exenatide combined with metformin and metformin monotherapy can improve metabolic and endocrine markers, and the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in patients with obesity with PCOS. The effects of the combination and monotherapy agents on intestinal flora were consistent to some extent but also unique respectively.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Metformin ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/drug therapy ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism ; Exenatide/therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Metagenomics ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Obesity/chemically induced
Chemical Substances	Metformin (9100L32L2N) ; Exenatide (9P1872D4OL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639237-4
ISSN	1473-0766 ; 0951-3590
ISSN (online)	1473-0766
ISSN	0951-3590
DOI	10.1080/09513590.2023.2219342
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Article: Action Mechanisms of Metformin Combined with Exenatide and Metformin Only in the Treatment of PCOS in Obese Patients.

Gan, Jingwen / Chen, Jie / Ma, Rui-Lin / Deng, Yan / Ding, Xue-Song / Zhu, Shi-Yang / Sun, Ai-Jun

International journal of endocrinology

2023 Volume 2023, Page(s) 4288004

Abstract: Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age, whose clinical characteristics are hyperandrogenism (HA), ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovary, often accompanied by insulin ... ...

Abstract	Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age, whose clinical characteristics are hyperandrogenism (HA), ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovary, often accompanied by insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic abnormalities. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra), such as exenatide, can bind to specific receptors on tissues such as the ovaries to improve the clinical phenotype of PCOS, while insulin-sensitizing agents, such as metformin, can also benefit to metabolic abnormalities in PCOS. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics revealed differences between the mechanisms of exenatide and metformin treatment of PCOS to some extent. Methods: In this study, 50 obese subjects with PCOS were randomly divided into the exenatide combined with metformin group (COM group, Results: After treatment, there were 153 named differential metabolites in the COM group and 99 in the MF group. Most phosphatidylcholines (PC) and deoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide (DA3G) were significantly upregulated, while most glycerophosphoethanolamine (PE-NMe2), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and threonine were downregulated in both groups. Only the decrease of neuromedin B, glutamate, and glutamyl groups and the increase of chenodeoxycholic acid sulfate docosadienoate (22: 2n6), and prostaglandin E2 have been observed in the COM group. In addition, salicylic acid and spisulosine increased and decanoylcarnitine decreased in the MF group. Both groups were enriched in glycerophospholipid, choline, and sphingolipid metabolism, while the COM group was especially superior in the glutamine and glutamate, bile secretion, and amino acid metabolism. Conclusion: Compared with metformin alone in the treatment of PCOS, the differential metabolites of the exenatide combined with metformin group are more extensive. The COM group may act on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPO) and its bypass, regulate multiple metabolism pathways such as phospholipids, amino acids, fatty acids, carnitine, bile acids, and glucose directly or indirectly in obese PCOS patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2502951-4
ISSN	1687-8345 ; 1687-8337
ISSN (online)	1687-8345
ISSN	1687-8337
DOI	10.1155/2023/4288004
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Article ; Online: Ligand-Promoted Iron-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer for the Synthesis of Hydrazines and Triazanes through N-Amidation of Arylamines.

Zhu, Shi-Yang / He, Wen-Ji / Shen, Guan-Chi / Bai, Zi-Qian / Song, Fang-Fang / He, Gang / Wang, Hao / Chen, Gong

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

2023 Volume 63, Issue 2, Page(s) e202312465

Abstract: Herein, we report that bulky alkylphosphines such as ... ...

Abstract	Herein, we report that bulky alkylphosphines such as PtBu
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2011836-3
ISSN	1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
ISSN (online)	1521-3773
ISSN	1433-7851
DOI	10.1002/anie.202312465
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Article ; Online: The effect of Ding-kun-dan comparing with Marvelon on primary dysmenorrhea: A prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

Gan, Jingwen / Zhu, Shi-Yang / Ma, Xiao / Ding, Xue-Song / Deng, Yan / Wang, Yanfang / Sun, Ai-Jun

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2023 Volume 318, Issue Pt B, Page(s) 116975

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ding-kun-dan (DKD), as one of well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is considered as an effective prescription to regulate menstruation, benefit Qi and nourish the blood. Previous studies had showed that DKD ... ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ding-kun-dan (DKD), as one of well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is considered as an effective prescription to regulate menstruation, benefit Qi and nourish the blood. Previous studies had showed that DKD could improve sex hormone levels, insulin resistance, metabolism abnormalities and regulate immunity in animal models with polycystic ovary syndrome or endometriosis, however, little study conducted to reveal its clinical efficacy in Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD). Aim of the study: To compare the effect of Ding-kun-dan (DKD) with Marvelon on relief of symptoms and change of serum pain-related factors in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and method: 136 patients with primary dysmenorrhea were randomly assigned to the DKD group (n = 73, take one tablet per day from 5th day of the menstrual cycle for 10 days every 28 days) and the Marvelon group (n = 63, take one tablet per day from 5th day of the menstrual cycle for 21 days every 28 days), the therapeutic effects were analyzed through evaluating the change of VAS scores, CMSS scores and the level of PGF Results: Both DKD and Marvelon could effectively relief pain and other associated symptoms at each visit (Baseline, 4 Conclusion: Ding-kun-dan is another available, effective and safe method for patients with primary dysmenorrhea to choose, especially for those who are suffered from mild pain and/or contraindicated to hormonal agents.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Desogestrel/therapeutic use ; Dinoprostone ; Double-Blind Method ; Dysmenorrhea/drug therapy ; Dysmenorrhea/diagnosis ; Endometriosis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Desogestrel (81K9V7M3A3) ; Dinoprostone (K7Q1JQR04M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-29
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.116975
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Article ; Online: Short-term combined treatment with exenatide and metformin for overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Ma, Rui-Lin / Deng, Yan / Wang, Yan-Fang / Zhu, Shi-Yang / Ding, Xue-Song / Sun, Ai-Jun

Chinese medical journal

2021 Volume 134, Issue 23, Page(s) 2882–2889

Abstract: Background: Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin (MET) increases insulin sensitivity, but it is associated with unsatisfactory weight loss. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist ... ...

Abstract	Background: Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin (MET) increases insulin sensitivity, but it is associated with unsatisfactory weight loss. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide has been shown to reduce weight and IR in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of exenatide once-weekly (QW) combined with MET on body weight, as well as metabolic and endocrinological parameters in overweight/obese women with PCOS. Methods: Fifty overweight/obese women with PCOS diagnosed via the Rotterdam criteria were randomized to one of two treatment groups: MET (500 mg three times a day [TID]) or combination treatment (COM) (MET 500 mg TID, exenatide 2 mg QW) for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were anthropometric changes associated with obesity, and the secondary outcomes included changes in reproductive hormone levels, glucose and lipid metabolism, and C-reactive protein. Results: Forty (80%) patients completed the study. COM therapy was superior to MET monotherapy in reducing weight (P = 0.045), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.041), and waist circumference (P = 0.023). Patients in the COM group on an average lost 3.8 ± 2.4 kg compared with 2.1 ± 3.0 kg in the MET group. In the COM group, BMI and waist circumference decreased by 1.4 ± 0.87 kg/m2 and 4.63 ± 4.42 cm compared with 0.77 ± 1.17 kg/m2 and 1.72 ± 3.07 cm in the MET group, respectively. Moreover, levels of fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-h glucose, and OGTT 2-h insulin were significantly lower with COM therapy than with MET (P < 0.050). Mild and moderate gastrointestinal reactions were the most common adverse events in both groups. Conclusions: COM therapy was more effective than MET alone in reducing body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, and improving insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese women with PCOS, with acceptable short-term side effects. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04029272. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04029272.
MeSH term(s)	Exenatide/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Metformin/therapeutic use ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Overweight ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Metformin (9100L32L2N) ; Exenatide (9P1872D4OL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-03
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	127089-8
ISSN	2542-5641 ; 0366-6999 ; 1002-0187
ISSN (online)	2542-5641
ISSN	0366-6999 ; 1002-0187
DOI	10.1097/CM9.0000000000001712
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Zs.B 1207: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Is There An Advantage of Using Dingkun Pill () alone or in Combination with Diane-35 for Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Deng, Yan / Wang, Yan-Fang / Zhu, Shi-Yang / Ma, Xiao / Xue, Wei / Ma, Rui-Lin / Sun, Ai-Jun

Chinese journal of integrative medicine

2020 Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 883–889

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effects of Chinese medicine Dingkun Pill () alone or in combination with Diane-35 on patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).: Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted at Peking Union ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To evaluate the effects of Chinese medicine Dingkun Pill () alone or in combination with Diane-35 on patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing, China, from December 2016 to September 2017. Totally 117 PCOS patients were randomly assigned to the Dingkun Pill group (38 cases), Diane-35 group (40 cases), or combined group (39 cases). Patients in the Dingkun Pill group or Diane-35 group took daily 7 g of oral Dingkun Pill or 1 tablet of oral Diane-35, respectively, for 21 consecutive days followed by 7 drug-free days. And the combined group received a combination of Dingkun Pill and Diane-35. The treatment course was 3 months. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA) and sex hormones were analyzed, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated, and menstruation and acne scores were recorded at baseline and after 3-month treatment. Results: Compared with before treatment, QUICKI decreased significantly in the Dingkun Pill and combined groups after 3-month treatment (P<0.05); TC, LDL-C and FFA decreased significantly in the Dingkun Pill group (P<0.01), LDL-C also decreased obviously in the Diane-35 group (P<0.01), while TC increased significantly in the combined group (P<0.01), TG increased significantly in all groups (P<0.01); total testosterone (TT) and menstruation regularity was improved significantly in the Diane-35 and combined groups (P<0.01); acne scores were improved in all groups (P<0.01). After treatment, TC and FFA in the Dingkun Pill group were significantly lower than the Diane-35 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); TT was lower and regular menstruation rate was higher in the Diane-35 and combined groups than the Dingkun Pill group (P<0.01), and no differences were observed between Diane-35 group and combined group (P>0.05). Conclusions: Dingkun Pill showed better effects than Diane-35 in improving insulin sensitivity, lowering TC and FFA. Diane-35 was more efficient in regulating menstruation and lowering androgen than Dingkun Pill. Combination of Dingkun Pill and Diane-35 may be a better choice to regulate menstruation, lower androgens while improve glucose metabolism in PCOS patients. (Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, registration No. NCT03264638).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Cyproterone Acetate/therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Ethinyl Estradiol/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Androgen Antagonists ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Ethinyl Estradiol (423D2T571U) ; Cyproterone Acetate (4KM2BN5JHF) ; Cyproterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol drug combination (60528-19-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-11
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2171254-2
ISSN	1993-0402 ; 1672-0415
ISSN (online)	1993-0402
ISSN	1672-0415
DOI	10.1007/s11655-020-3097-4
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Article ; Online: Bone protection for early menopausal women in China: standard or half-dose estrogen with progestin? A one-year prospective randomized trail.

Zhu, Shi-Yang / Deng, Yan / Wang, Yan-Fang / Xue, Wei / Ma, Xiao / Sun, AiJun

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology

2018 Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 165–169

Abstract: The aim of the study is to compare the bone sparing effect of half-dose with standard-dose conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) combined with progestin. A total of 123 participants were administrated with 0.625 mg of CEE and 100 mg of micronized progesterone ...

Abstract	The aim of the study is to compare the bone sparing effect of half-dose with standard-dose conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) combined with progestin. A total of 123 participants were administrated with 0.625 mg of CEE and 100 mg of micronized progesterone (MP) in group A, 0.3 mg of CEE and 100 mg of MP in group B, 0.625 mg of CEE and 10 mg of dydrogesterone (DDG) in group C for one year. Percent changes from baseline in BMD at lumbar spine and fracture rate were primary outcomes. Secondary endpoints included changes of BMD at femoral neck, total hip and arm, bone markers (alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and endometrial thickness. No fractures occurred during the treatment. Standard dose of CEE leads to significant changes in lumbar spine and arm. The 3.78% growth of BMD at femoral neck in group C marked a statistically difference. There was no statistically remarkable bone loss at hip in all three groups. Bone turnover markers and ALT significantly decreased from basic values. Endometrium thickened more with traditional dose of CEE. Both the half and standard dose CEE are effective in BMD preservation among early menopausal women with subtle side effects. Low-dose estrogen is less efficacious than traditional one.
MeSH term(s)	Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Bone Density ; Calcium/blood ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Dydrogesterone/therapeutic use ; Endometrium/pathology ; Estrogens/administration & dosage ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/administration & dosage ; Female ; Femur Neck/diagnostic imaging ; Fractures, Bone/epidemiology ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/blood ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnostic imaging ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control ; Phosphorus/blood ; Progestins/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Estrogens ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Progestins ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Dydrogesterone (90I02KLE8K) ; Alanine Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) ; Alkaline Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	639237-4
ISSN	1473-0766 ; 0951-3590
ISSN (online)	1473-0766
ISSN	0951-3590
DOI	10.1080/09513590.2018.1505849
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