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Article ; Online: Use of Receiver Operating Curve Analysis and Machine Learning With an Independent Dose Calculation System Reduces the Number of Physical Dose Measurements Required for Patient-Specific Quality Assurance.

Hasse, K / Scholey, J / Ziemer, B P / Natsuaki, Y / Morin, O / Solberg, T D / Hirata, E / Valdes, G / Witztum, A

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

2020 Volume 109, Issue 4, Page(s) 1086–1095

Abstract: Purpose: Our purpose was to assess the use of machine learning methods and Mobius 3D (M3D) dose calculation software to reduce the number of physical ion chamber (IC) dose measurements required for patient-specific quality assurance during corona virus ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Our purpose was to assess the use of machine learning methods and Mobius 3D (M3D) dose calculation software to reduce the number of physical ion chamber (IC) dose measurements required for patient-specific quality assurance during corona virus disease 2019. Methods and materials: In this study, 1464 inversely planned treatments using Pinnacle or Raystation treatment planning software (TPS) were delivered using Elekta Versa HD and Varian Truebeam and Truebeam STx linear accelerators between June 2018 and November 2019. For each plan, an independent dose calculation was performed using M3D, and an absolute dose measurement was taken using a Pinpoint IC inside the Mobius phantom. The point dose differences between the TPS and M3D calculation and between TPS and IC measurements were calculated. Agreement between the TPS and IC was used to define the ground truth plan failure. To reduce the on-site personnel during the pandemic, 2 methods of receiver operating characteristic analysis (n = 1464) and machine learning (n = 603) were used to identify patient plans that would require physical dose measurements. Results: In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, a predelivery M3D difference threshold of 3% identified plans that failed an IC measurement at a 4% threshold with 100% sensitivity and 76.3% specificity. This indicates that fewer than 25% of plans required a physical dose measurement. A threshold of 1% on a machine learning model was able to identify plans that failed an IC measurement at a 3% threshold with 100% sensitivity and 54.3% specificity, leading to fewer than 50% of plans that required a physical dose measurement. Conclusions: It is possible to identify plans that are more likely to fail IC patient-specific quality assurance measurements before delivery. This possibly allows for a reduction of physical measurements taken, freeing up significant clinical resources and reducing the required amount of on-site personnel while maintaining patient safety.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Machine Learning ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; ROC Curve ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	197614-x
ISSN	1879-355X ; 0360-3016
ISSN (online)	1879-355X
ISSN	0360-3016
DOI	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.10.035
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Article ; Online: Energy response calibration of photon-counting detectors using x-ray fluorescence: a feasibility study.

Cho, H-M / Ding, H / Ziemer, B P / Molloi, S

Physics in medicine and biology

2014 Volume 59, Issue 23, Page(s) 7211–7227

Abstract: Accurate energy calibration is critical for the application of energy-resolved photon-counting detectors in spectral imaging. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of energy response calibration and characterization of a photon-counting ...

Abstract	Accurate energy calibration is critical for the application of energy-resolved photon-counting detectors in spectral imaging. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of energy response calibration and characterization of a photon-counting detector using x-ray fluorescence. A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study was performed using Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) to investigate the optimal technique for x-ray fluorescence calibration. Simulations were conducted using a 100 kVp tungsten-anode spectra with 2.7 mm Al filter for a single pixel cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector with 3 × 3 mm(2) in detection area. The angular dependence of x-ray fluorescence and scatter background was investigated by varying the detection angle from 20° to 170° with respect to the beam direction. The effects of the detector material, shape, and size on the recorded x-ray fluorescence were investigated. The fluorescent material size effect was considered with and without the container for the fluorescent material. In order to provide validation for the simulation result, the angular dependence of x-ray fluorescence from five fluorescent materials was experimentally measured using a spectrometer. Finally, eleven of the fluorescent materials were used for energy calibration of a CZT-based photon-counting detector. The optimal detection angle was determined to be approximately at 120° with respect to the beam direction, which showed the highest fluorescence to scatter ratio (FSR) with a weak dependence on the fluorescent material size. The feasibility of x-ray fluorescence for energy calibration of photon-counting detectors in the diagnostic x-ray energy range was verified by successfully calibrating the energy response of a CZT-based photon-counting detector. The results of this study can be used as a guideline to implement the x-ray fluorescence calibration method for photon-counting detectors in a typical imaging laboratory.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Calibration ; Feasibility Studies ; Photons ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission/instrumentation ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-11-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	208857-5
ISSN	1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
ISSN (online)	1361-6560
ISSN	0031-9155
DOI	10.1088/0031-9155/59/23/7211
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Article: Use of ROC analysis and machine learning with an independent dose calculation system reduces number of physical dose measurements required for patient-specific quality assurance

Hasse, K / Scholey, J / Ziemer, B P / Natsuaki, Y / Morin, O / Solberg, T D / Hirata, E / Valdes, G / Witztum, A

Int. j. radiat. oncol. biol. phys

Abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the use of machine learning methods and Mobius 3D (M3D) dose calculation software to reduce the number of physical ion chamber (IC) dose measurements required for patient-specific quality assurance during COVID. METHODS AND MATERIALS: ... ...

Abstract	PURPOSE: To assess the use of machine learning methods and Mobius 3D (M3D) dose calculation software to reduce the number of physical ion chamber (IC) dose measurements required for patient-specific quality assurance during COVID. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this study, 1464 inversely-planned treatments using Pinnacle or Raystation treatment planning software (TPS) were delivered using Elekta Versa HD, and Varian Truebeam and Truebeam STx linear accelerators between June 2018 and November 2019. For each plan, an independent dose calculation was performed using M3D and an absolute dose measurement was taken using a Pinpoint ion chamber inside the Mobius phantom. The point dose differences between the TPS and M3D calculation, and between TPS and IC measurement were calculated. Agreement between the TPS and IC was used to define the ground truth plan failure. In order to reduce the on-site personnel during the pandemic, two methods ROC analysis (n=1464) and machine learning (n=603) were used to identify patient plans that would require physical dose measurements. RESULTS: In the ROC analysis, a pre-delivery M3D difference threshold of 3% identifies plans that fail an IC measurement at a 4% threshold with 100% sensitivity and 76.3% specificity. This indicates that fewer than 25% of plans would require a physical dose measurement. A threshold of 1% on a machine learning model is able to identify plans that fail an IC measurement at a 3% threshold with 100% sensitivity and 54.3% specificity, leading to fewer than 50% of plans that require a physical dose measurement. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to identify plans that are more likely to fail IC patient-specific quality assurance (QA) measurements prior to delivery. This possibly allows for a reduction of physical measurements taken, freeing up significant clinical resources and reducing the required amount of on-site personnel while maintaining patient safety.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #921999
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Measurement of Electron Neutrino Quasielastic and Quasielasticlike Scattering on Hydrocarbon at ⟨E_{ν}⟩=3.6 GeV.

Wolcott, J / Aliaga, L / Altinok, O / Bellantoni, L / Bercellie, A / Betancourt, M / Bodek, A / Bravar, A / Budd, H / Cai, T / Carneiro, M F / Chvojka, J / da Motta, H / Devan, J / Dytman, S A / Díaz, G A / Eberly, B / Felix, J / Fields, L /

Fine, R / Gago, A M / Galindo, R / Gallagher, H / Ghosh, A / Golan, T / Gran, R / Harris, D A / Higuera, A / Kiveni, M / Kleykamp, J / Kordosky, M / Le, T / Maher, E / Manly, S / Mann, W A / Marshall, C M / Martinez Caicedo, D A / McFarland, K S / McGivern, C L / McGowan, A M / Messerly, B / Miller, J / Mislivec, A / Morfín, J G / Mousseau, J / Muhlbeier, T / Naples, D / Nelson, J K / Norrick, A / Osta, J / Paolone, V / Park, J / Patrick, C E / Perdue, G N / Rakotondravohitra, L / Ransome, R D / Ray, H / Ren, L / Rimal, D / Rodrigues, P A / Ruterbories, D / Salazar, G / Schellman, H / Schmitz, D W / Solano Salinas, C J / Tagg, N / Tice, B G / Valencia, E / Walton, T / Wospakrik, M / Zavala, G / Zegarra, A / Zhang, D / Ziemer, B P

Physical review letters

2016 Volume 116, Issue 8, Page(s) 81802

Abstract: The first direct measurement of electron neutrino quasielastic and quasielasticlike scattering on hydrocarbon in the few-GeV region of incident neutrino energy has been carried out using the MINERvA detector in the NuMI beam at Fermilab. The flux- ... ...

Abstract	The first direct measurement of electron neutrino quasielastic and quasielasticlike scattering on hydrocarbon in the few-GeV region of incident neutrino energy has been carried out using the MINERvA detector in the NuMI beam at Fermilab. The flux-integrated differential cross sections in the electron production angle, electron energy, and Q^{2} are presented. The ratio of the quasielastic, flux-integrated differential cross section in Q^{2} for ν_{e} with that of similarly selected ν_{μ}-induced events from the same exposure is used to probe assumptions that underpin conventional treatments of charged-current ν_{e} interactions used by long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. The data are found to be consistent with lepton universality and are well described by the predictions of the neutrino event generator GENIE.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.081802
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Article ; Online: Measurement of coherent production of π(±) in neutrino and antineutrino beams on carbon from Eν of 1.5 to 20 GeV.

Higuera, A / Mislivec, A / Aliaga, L / Altinok, O / Bercellie, A / Betancourt, M / Bodek, A / Bravar, A / Brooks, W K / Budd, H / Butkevich, A / Carneiro, M F / Castromonte, C M / Christy, M E / Chvojka, J / da Motta, H / Devan, J / Dytman, S A / Díaz, G A /

Eberly, B / Felix, J / Fields, L / Fine, R / Fiorentini, G A / Gallagher, H / Gomez, A / Gran, R / Harris, D A / Hurtado, K / Kleykamp, J / Kordosky, M / Le, T / Maher, E / Manly, S / Mann, W A / Marshall, C M / Martinez Caicedo, D A / McFarland, K S / McGivern, C L / McGowan, A M / Messerly, B / Miller, J / Morfín, J G / Mousseau, J / Muhlbeier, T / Naples, D / Nelson, J K / Norrick, A / Osta, J / Palomino, J L / Paolone, V / Park, J / Patrick, C E / Perdue, G N / Ransome, R D / Ray, H / Ren, L / Rodrigues, P A / Ruterbories, D / Schellman, H / Schmitz, D W / Snider, F D / Solano Salinas, C J / Tagg, N / Tice, B G / Valencia, E / Walton, T / Wolcott, J / Wospakrik, M / Zavala, G / Zhang, D / Ziemer, B P

Physical review letters

2014 Volume 113, Issue 26, Page(s) 261802

Abstract: Neutrino-induced coherent charged pion production on nuclei νμA→μ(±)π(∓)A is a rare, inelastic interaction in which a small squared four-momentum |t| is transferred to the recoil nucleus, leaving it intact in the reaction. In the scintillator tracker of ... ...

Abstract	Neutrino-induced coherent charged pion production on nuclei νμA→μ(±)π(∓)A is a rare, inelastic interaction in which a small squared four-momentum \|t\| is transferred to the recoil nucleus, leaving it intact in the reaction. In the scintillator tracker of MINERvA, we remove events with evidence of particles from nuclear breakup and reconstruct \|t\| from the final-state pion and muon. We select low \|t\| events to isolate a sample rich in coherent candidates. By selecting low \|t\| events, we produce a model-independent measurement of the differential cross section for coherent scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos on carbon. We find poor agreement with the predicted kinematics in neutrino generators used by current oscillation experiments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.261802
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Article ; Online: Measurement of ratios of νμ charged-current cross sections on C, Fe, and Pb to CH at neutrino energies 2-20 GeV.

Tice, B G / Datta, M / Mousseau, J / Aliaga, L / Altinok, O / Barrios Sazo, M G / Betancourt, M / Bodek, A / Bravar, A / Brooks, W K / Budd, H / Bustamante, M J / Butkevich, A / Martinez Caicedo, D A / Castromonte, C M / Christy, M E / Chvojka, J / da Motta, H / Devan, J /

Dytman, S A / Díaz, G A / Eberly, B / Felix, J / Fields, L / Fiorentini, G A / Gago, A M / Gallagher, H / Gran, R / Harris, D A / Higuera, A / Hurtado, K / Jerkins, M / Kafka, T / Kordosky, M / Kulagin, S A / Le, T / Maggi, G / Maher, E / Manly, S / Mann, W A / Marshall, C M / Martin Mari, C / McFarland, K S / McGivern, C L / McGowan, A M / Miller, J / Mislivec, A / Morfín, J G / Muhlbeier, T / Naples, D / Nelson, J K / Norrick, A / Osta, J / Palomino, J L / Paolone, V / Park, J / Patrick, C E / Perdue, G N / Rakotondravohitra, L / Ransome, R D / Ray, H / Ren, L / Rodrigues, P A / Savage, D G / Schellman, H / Schmitz, D W / Simon, C / Snider, F D / Solano Salinas, C J / Tagg, N / Valencia, E / Velásquez, J P / Walton, T / Wolcott, J / Zavala, G / Zhang, D / Ziemer, B P

Physical review letters

2014 Volume 112, Issue 23, Page(s) 231801

Abstract: We present measurements of ν(μ) charged-current cross section ratios on carbon, iron, and lead relative to a scintillator (CH) using the fine-grained MINERvA detector exposed to the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. The measurements utilize events of ... ...

Abstract	We present measurements of ν(μ) charged-current cross section ratios on carbon, iron, and lead relative to a scintillator (CH) using the fine-grained MINERvA detector exposed to the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. The measurements utilize events of energies 2<E(ν)<20 GeV, with ⟨E(ν)⟩ = 8 GeV, which have a reconstructed μ(-) scattering angle less than 17° to extract ratios of inclusive total cross sections as a function of neutrino energy E(ν) and flux-integrated differential cross sections with respect to the Bjorken scaling variable x. These results provide the first high-statistics direct measurements of nuclear effects in neutrino scattering using different targets in the same neutrino beam. Measured cross section ratios exhibit a relative depletion at low x and enhancement at large x. Both become more pronounced as the nucleon number of the target nucleus increases. The data are not reproduced by GENIE, a conventional neutrino-nucleus scattering simulation, or by the alternative models for the nuclear dependence of inelastic scattering that are considered.<br />
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.231801
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Article ; Online: Measurement of muon antineutrino quasielastic scattering on a hydrocarbon target at Eν ~ 3.5 GeV.

Fields, L / Chvojka, J / Aliaga, L / Altinok, O / Baldin, B / Baumbaugh, A / Bodek, A / Boehnlein, D / Boyd, S / Bradford, R / Brooks, W K / Budd, H / Butkevich, A / Martinez Caicedo, D A / Castromonte, C M / Christy, M E / Chung, H / Clark, M / da Motta, H /

Damiani, D S / Danko, I / Datta, M / Day, M / DeMaat, R / Devan, J / Draeger, E / Dytman, S A / Díaz, G A / Eberly, B / Edmondson, D A / Felix, J / Fitzpatrick, T / Fiorentini, G A / Gago, A M / Gallagher, H / George, C A / Gielata, J A / Gingu, C / Gobbi, B / Gran, R / Grossman, N / Hanson, J / Harris, D A / Heaton, J / Higuera, A / Howley, I J / Hurtado, K / Jerkins, M / Kafka, T / Kaisen, J / Kanter, M O / Keppel, C E / Kilmer, J / Kordosky, M / Krajeski, A H / Kulagin, S A / Le, T / Lee, H / Leister, A G / Locke, G / Maggi, G / Maher, E / Manly, S / Mann, W A / Marshall, C M / McFarland, K S / McGivern, C L / McGowan, A M / Mislivec, A / Morfín, J G / Mousseau, J / Naples, D / Nelson, J K / Niculescu, G / Niculescu, I / Ochoa, N / O'Connor, C D / Olsen, J / Osmanov, B / Osta, J / Palomino, J L / Paolone, V / Park, J / Patrick, C E / Perdue, G N / Peña, C / Rakotondravohitra, L / Ransome, R D / Ray, H / Ren, L / Rodrigues, P A / Rude, C / Sassin, K E / Schellman, H / Schmitz, D W / Schneider, R M / Schulte, E C / Simon, C / Snider, F D / Snyder, M C / Sobczyk, J T / Solano Salinas, C J / Tagg, N / Tan, W / Tice, B G / Tzanakos, G / Velásquez, J P / Walding, J / Walton, T / Wolcott, J / Wolthuis, B A / Woodward, N / Zavala, G / Zeng, H B / Zhang, D / Zhu, L Y / Ziemer, B P

Physical review letters

2013 Volume 111, Issue 2, Page(s) 22501

Abstract: We have isolated ν(μ) charged-current quasielastic (QE) interactions occurring in the segmented scintillator tracking region of the MINERvA detector running in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. We measure the flux-averaged differential cross section, ... ...

Abstract	We have isolated ν(μ) charged-current quasielastic (QE) interactions occurring in the segmented scintillator tracking region of the MINERvA detector running in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. We measure the flux-averaged differential cross section, dσ/dQ², and compare to several theoretical models of QE scattering. Good agreement is obtained with a model where the nucleon axial mass, M(A), is set to 0.99 GeV/c² but the nucleon vector form factors are modified to account for the observed enhancement, relative to the free nucleon case, of the cross section for the exchange of transversely polarized photons in electron-nucleus scattering. Our data at higher Q² favor this interpretation over an alternative in which the axial mass is increased.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.022501
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Article ; Online: Measurement of muon neutrino quasielastic scattering on a hydrocarbon target at Eν ~ 3.5 GeV.

Fiorentini, G A / Schmitz, D W / Rodrigues, P A / Aliaga, L / Altinok, O / Baldin, B / Baumbaugh, A / Bodek, A / Boehnlein, D / Boyd, S / Bradford, R / Brooks, W K / Budd, H / Butkevich, A / Martinez Caicedo, D A / Castromonte, C M / Christy, M E / Chung, H / Chvojka, J /

Clark, M / da Motta, H / Damiani, D S / Danko, I / Datta, M / Day, M / DeMaat, R / Devan, J / Draeger, E / Dytman, S A / Díaz, G A / Eberly, B / Edmondson, D A / Felix, J / Fields, L / Fitzpatrick, T / Gago, A M / Gallagher, H / George, C A / Gielata, J A / Gingu, C / Gobbi, B / Gran, R / Grossman, N / Hanson, J / Harris, D A / Heaton, J / Higuera, A / Howley, I J / Hurtado, K / Jerkins, M / Kafka, T / Kaisen, J / Kanter, M O / Keppel, C E / Kilmer, J / Kordosky, M / Krajeski, A H / Kulagin, S A / Le, T / Lee, H / Leister, A G / Locke, G / Maggi, G / Maher, E / Manly, S / Mann, W A / Marshall, C M / McFarland, K S / McGivern, C L / McGowan, A M / Mislivec, A / Morfín, J G / Mousseau, J / Naples, D / Nelson, J K / Niculescu, G / Niculescu, I / Ochoa, N / O'Connor, C D / Olsen, J / Osmanov, B / Osta, J / Palomino, J L / Paolone, V / Park, J / Patrick, C E / Perdue, G N / Peña, C / Rakotondravohitra, L / Ransome, R D / Ray, H / Ren, L / Rude, C / Sassin, K E / Schellman, H / Schneider, R M / Schulte, E C / Simon, C / Snider, F D / Snyder, M C / Sobczyk, J T / Solano Salinas, C J / Tagg, N / Tan, W / Tice, B G / Tzanakos, G / Velásquez, J P / Walding, J / Walton, T / Wolcott, J / Wolthuis, B A / Woodward, N / Zavala, G / Zeng, H B / Zhang, D / Zhu, L Y / Ziemer, B P

Physical review letters

2013 Volume 111, Issue 2, Page(s) 22502

Abstract: We report a study of ν(μ) charged-current quasielastic events in the segmented scintillator inner tracker of the MINERvA experiment running in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. The events were selected by requiring a μ- and low calorimetric recoil ... ...

Abstract	We report a study of ν(μ) charged-current quasielastic events in the segmented scintillator inner tracker of the MINERvA experiment running in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. The events were selected by requiring a μ- and low calorimetric recoil energy separated from the interaction vertex. We measure the flux-averaged differential cross section, dσ/dQ², and study the low energy particle content of the final state. Deviations are found between the measured dσ/dQ² and the expectations of a model of independent nucleons in a relativistic Fermi gas. We also observe an excess of energy near the vertex consistent with multiple protons in the final state.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.022502
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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