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Article ; Online: CTAB Surfactant Assisted and High pH Nano-Formulations of CuO Nanoparticles Pose Greater Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects

Zorawar Singh / Iqbal Singh

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract Toxicity of synthesized nanoparticles is the area of concern to all the researchers due to their possible health implications. Here we synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) without surfactant at pH value of 2, 7, 10 and with ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Toxicity of synthesized nanoparticles is the area of concern to all the researchers due to their possible health implications. Here we synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) without surfactant at pH value of 2, 7, 10 and with cetyletrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) surfactant at pH 7. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for various structural parameters including crystallite size, lattice parameters, strain, phase analysis using X-ray diffraction analysis, and morphological aspects have been analyzed using FESEM and HRTEM imaging. All the four nano-formulations were analyzed for their toxic potential using Allium cepa L. at three different concentrations (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 g/100 ml). Cytological and genetic parameters including mitotic index, mitotic inhibition, aberrant cells, binucleated cells, micronucleated cells, chromosomal bridges, fragmentation, stickiness, laggards, vagrants, c-mitosis and disturbed spindle were analyzed. Our results revealed a dose dependent increase in cytotoxic parameters including decreased total dividing cells, mitotic index, and increased mitotic inhibition. Genotoxic parameters also increased at higher treatment concentrations including chromosomal aberrations and percent aberrant cells. The pH value at the time of particle synthesis has significant influence on the crystallite size and agglomeration as assessed by XRD, FESEM and HRTEM analysis. The NPs synthesized at pH 2 and 10 were found to be of smaller size and posed more toxic effects as compared to particles synthesized at neutral pH. On the other hand, CTAB assisted CuO NPs synthesized at pH 7 revealed even smaller crystallite sizes and thus boost the toxicity in all the parameters as compared to NPs synthesized without CTAB. The present study suggested an increase in toxic parameters of synthesized CuO NPs with respect to crystallite size which is pH dependent. Addition of CTAB at pH 7 decreased the crystallite as well as particle size and enhanced the toxic potential. Further studies are recommended to analyze the effect of surfactant addition in toxicological studies on CuO NPs.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Need for Risk Management and Regular Occupational Health Safety Assessment Among Workers of Developing Countries

Zorawar Singh / Pramjit Singh Sekhon

Global Journal on Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Pp 19-

2018 Volume 24

Abstract: Occupational health is a sensitive area in many developing countries where occupational exposure needs attention due to lack of awareness among industrialists as well as workers. Industries such as iron, textile, leather, and paper use a vast number of ... ...

Abstract	Occupational health is a sensitive area in many developing countries where occupational exposure needs attention due to lack of awareness among industrialists as well as workers. Industries such as iron, textile, leather, and paper use a vast number of toxic chemicals during different industrial processes. Workers of these industries come in direct contact with these chemicals including dyes, solvents, and finishers, which are known to be mutagenic and genotoxic. In the absence of risk assessment programs, these chemicals pose serious health risks. Risk management is one of the key factors in health safety of the workers. Agencies of central, state, and local levels need to work harder in the field of occupational health and safety. These agencies should develop relevant risk assessment programs to minimize the exposure health impacts. In the present article, various exposure risks to workers of different industries including iron, textile, leather, and paper industry along with levels of risk management system and the need for regular health assessment programs have been discussed to put them into real practice.
Keywords	hazardous chemicals ; health and safety ; iron industry ; occupational health ; paper industry ; risk management ; textile industry ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Innovative Healthcare Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Testing dental calculus as a means to determine paleodiet of extinct equid Merychippus sp

Virk, Ranjit Zorawar Singh / Gobetz, Katrina E.

Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology. 2021 Dec. 15, v. 584

2021

Abstract: During the Miocene Epoch, radiation of merychippine equids may have coincided with a transitional North American habitat of forests with patches of open grassland, and merychippine diet may reflect this diverse environment. Dental calculus on teeth of ... ...

Abstract	During the Miocene Epoch, radiation of merychippine equids may have coincided with a transitional North American habitat of forests with patches of open grassland, and merychippine diet may reflect this diverse environment. Dental calculus on teeth of extinct herbivores like Merychippus can incorporate a long-term dietary record in the form of plant microfossils, such as phytoliths and fibers. In the present study, the purpose was to test dental calculus as a measure of paleodiet in equids by identifying and comparing Merychippus paleodiet constituents among preliminary sample groups. Calculus samples obtained from seven isolated Barstovian age Merychippus teeth from sites in Nebraska, Oregon, and Maryland, USA contained plant microfossils that were identified to categories based upon morphological characteristics. Grass silica short-cell phytoliths of BOP clade, C₃-pathway subfamilies were most frequent, comprising 45–57% of all calculus samples. Microfossils from woody taxa were also present in all assemblages (18–29%). Softwood tracheary elements and sedge grass phytoliths (Family Cyperaceae) were significantly more frequent in Merychippus from the Maryland site. The combined presence of hardwood and grass microfossils from each Merychippus specimen indicates a mixed browse/grass diet that included C₃ grasses, supporting recent micro- and mesowear analyses. Some significant differences among these preliminary samples suggest that calculus is a valid means to compare diet among regions. Within a broader context, this type of study can generalize aspects of the Merychippus paleoenvironment and stands as an evaluation for using microfossils from dental calculus as a means for diet determination.
Keywords	Cyperaceae ; Equidae ; Miocene epoch ; Oregon ; dental calculus ; diet ; grasses ; grasslands ; habitats ; hardwood ; microfossils ; palaeogeography ; paleoclimatology ; paleoecology ; phytoliths ; silica ; softwood ; Maryland ; Nebraska
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1215
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417718-6
ISSN	0031-0182
ISSN	0031-0182
DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110643
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Toxicological Assessment of Barium Carbonate on Behavioral and Hematological Parameters in Channa punctatus

Zorawar Singh / Tajinder Kaur / Manveen Kaur

International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, Vol 6, Iss 5, Pp 88-

2017 Volume 95

Abstract: Barium and its compounds are known for their toxic nature. In the present study barium carbonate (BaCO3), a known rodenticide has been assessed for its toxicological effects on Channa punctatus. Behavioral as well as hematological parameters including ... ...

Abstract	Barium and its compounds are known for their toxic nature. In the present study barium carbonate (BaCO3), a known rodenticide has been assessed for its toxicological effects on Channa punctatus. Behavioral as well as hematological parameters including body colour, movements, food intake and mucus secretion were studied. Fingerlings of Channa punctatus were observed for one week and the results revealed cell membrane damage and nuclear shrinkage in RBCs following two different concentration treatments of barium carbonate. A dose and duration dependent toxicological effect was seen. Conclusively, the present study confirms the toxic nature of barium carbonate to Channa punctatus as revealed by the hematological as well as behavioral end points. As only a few studies have been done on the toxic aspects of BaCO3 on different animal models, further short term studies should be conducted so as to complete the toxic profile of barium carbonate.
Keywords	Barium carbonate ; Toxicity ; Channa punctatus ; Blood ; Nucleus ; Fish ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sumathi Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A questionnaire based study of prevailing teaching methods in pharmacology and its efficacy /evaluation by second professional M.B.B.S students

Muzaffar Ahmad Pukhta / Mohammad Younis Bhat / Zorawar Singh

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Vol 4, Iss 6, Pp 2218-

2016 Volume 2223

Abstract: Background: Pharmacology is the subject which has got scientific obligation and feedback from the students facilitates a change in preconceived notion about teaching. The study was under taken to elicit the perception and feedback regarding the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pharmacology is the subject which has got scientific obligation and feedback from the students facilitates a change in preconceived notion about teaching. The study was under taken to elicit the perception and feedback regarding the prevailing system of teaching methods in pharmacology and requirement of any consequent changes. Methods: A questionnaire was designed and given to second years medical students on internationally accepted Likert scale which they were supposed to fill after giving due instructions. Analysis was done on percentage wise distribution of various parameters used in the questionnaire. Results: Out of the total of 150 enrolled students, 130 filled and returned questionnaire with students vouching for various changes with 125 (96%) agreeing that black board teaching as best method of teaching in contrast to 31 (23.8%) for PPT and 87 (66.9%) for combination of both. 109 (83.8%) wanted distribution of handouts giving outline of topic before lecture classes. Conclusions: There is a need of various reforms for improvement of prevailing teaching methods in pharmacology like microteaching and group discussions and involving MCQs in pattern of evaluation as opined by the students. [Int J Res Med Sci 2016; 4(6.000): 2218-2223]
Keywords	Pharmacology ; Questionnaire ; Likert scale ; Perception ; Feedback ; Microteaching ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Medip Academy
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A descriptive study of prevalence, pattern and attitude of self-medication among second professional medical students in a tertiary care center

Vineeta Sawhney / Mohammad Younis Bhat / Zorawar Singh

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 542-

2015 Volume 546

Abstract: Background: The implications of self-medication practices are increasingly recognized around the world as self-medication is a common practice worldwide and irrational use of drugs is a cause of concern more so among medical students as they are future ... ...

Abstract	Background: The implications of self-medication practices are increasingly recognized around the world as self-medication is a common practice worldwide and irrational use of drugs is a cause of concern more so among medical students as they are future medical practitioners. The objective was to determine the prevalence, attitude, and knowledge of self-medication among second professional medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in February-March 2015. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire and expressed as percentage frequency. Results: Of the 138 students, only 122 filled and returned the questionnaire. The majority of the students self-medicated because of the illness being too trivial for consultation (63.1%) or had previous experience of same illness (63.1%), headache (77.8%), flu/cold and sore throat (58.1%), closely followed by fever (52.4%) were the main symptoms leading to self-medication. Commonly used medicines were analgesics (74.6%), headache relievers (71.3%), antibiotics (64%), and antipyretics (50.8%). A large proportion (42.6%) and 35% used every few months or 2-3 times per year, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that self-medication is widely practiced among students, easy availability of medicine probably being the cause. Educating the students regarding advantages and disadvantages of self-medication is necessary to create awareness. [Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol 2015; 4(3.000): 542-546]
Keywords	Self-medication ; Medical students ; Questionnaire ; Prevalence ; Pattern ; Education ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Medip Academy
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Use of Malondialdehyde as a Biomarker for Assessing Oxidative Stress in Different Disease Pathologies

Zorawar SINGH / Indrakaran P. KARTHIGESU / Pramjit SINGH / Rupinder KAUR

Iranian Journal of Public Health, Vol 43, Iss Supple

a Review

2015 Volume 3

Abstract: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is widely used as a biomarker for assessing oxidative stress in biomedical fields. Lipid peroxidation is a chain phenomenon resulting in the formation of various active compounds that result in cellular damage. Biomonitoring of MDA ... ...

Abstract	Malondialdehyde (MDA) is widely used as a biomarker for assessing oxidative stress in biomedical fields. Lipid peroxidation is a chain phenomenon resulting in the formation of various active compounds that result in cellular damage. Biomonitoring of MDA has been used in both in-vivo and in-vitro studies as a key biomarker for various disease patterns including hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, heart failure and cancer. Higher levels of MDA are reported in patients of various categories including lung cancer patients, complex regional pain syndrome patients and glaucoma patients. The findings suggest the validity of the MDA assay as a reliable tool in finding out the oxidative stress in different disease pathologies. The present review emphasizes on the reliability and efficacy of MDA estimation in various health disorders. Keywords: Malondialdehyde, Lipid peroxidation, Free radicals, Oxidative stress
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Immunization Facts

Dinesh Kumar, Bhavana Langer, Zorawar Singh / Zorawar Singh

JK Science : Journal of Medical Education & Research, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 49-

Adult Need Their Shots

2009 Volume 50

Abstract: There is an urgent need to address the problemof adult immunization. Adult immunization practices andpolicies should be introduced formally in undergraduateand post-graduate curricula to start with. Further,continuing medical education programmes ... ...

Abstract	There is an urgent need to address the problemof adult immunization. Adult immunization practices andpolicies should be introduced formally in undergraduateand post-graduate curricula to start with. Further,continuing medical education programmes forpractitioners, intensive efforts to create population awareness, provision of vaccines at costs people canafford and improved logistic support in service deliverymechanism could help mitigate the adult suffering. Specialprovisions for adults involved in certain occupations orplanning to travel abroad need to be made. Tertiary caremedical institutions can make a start in this regard bysetting up a unit for immunization advice. The servicescan then be extended to secondary and primary careinstitutions in a phased manner
Keywords	adult immunization ; Preventive Medicine ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	JK Science
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Resveratrol and Quercetin

Mohammad Younis Bhat / Samina Farhat / Sheikh Shoib / Zorawar Singh

International Journal of Phytomedicine, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 137-

Novel Polyphenolic Chemopreventive Agents

2014 Volume 143

Abstract: Cancer continues to be a major public health concern worldwide and the main modalities for treatment include chemo and/or radiotherapy and surgery which are often commonly used in conjuction to control and treat cancer. Recent advances in the area of ... ...

Abstract	Cancer continues to be a major public health concern worldwide and the main modalities for treatment include chemo and/or radiotherapy and surgery which are often commonly used in conjuction to control and treat cancer. Recent advances in the area of cancer prevention have opened new avenues for research and several medicinal plants are being used to prevent and cure a variety of diseases, including oncological ailments. Herbal drugs have been in use for several thousands of years in various traditional systems of medicine existing in different parts of the world. In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in the way we look at herbals which today are being viewed as potential agents for tackling various diseases, particularly for which there is no effective cure available in modern system of medicine or when the side effects of synthetic drugs are too many. It has been estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) that currently 80% of the world’s population is still dependent on herbal drugs for solving their health needs in one or the other way. They are less toxic alternatives to modern medicine, offer much scope for prevention of diseases, are easily available, cheaper costs, effective nature and promise to cure the so far incurable diseases like cancer, AIDS, hepatitis C, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, diabetes makes them much sought for. Chemoprevention offers a promising approach to primary cancer prevention for a variety of organs. A plethora of compounds, including several promising plant derived compounds are being evaluated in the laboratories and two phytocompounds which hold a lot of promise include resveratrol and quercetin – as novel chemopreventive agents.
Keywords	Resveratrol ; Quercetin ; Cancer ; Polyphenolic ; Chemopreventive Agents ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Advanced Research Journals
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Investigation of Combination Treatment With an Aromatase Inhibitor Exemestane and Carboplatin-Based Therapy for Postmenopausal Women With Advanced NSCLC.

Young, Patricia A / Márquez-Garbán, Diana C / Noor, Zorawar Singh / Moatamed, Neda / Elashoff, David / Grogan, Tristan / Romero, Tahmineh / Sasano, Hironobu / Saito, Ryoko / Rausch, Rebecca / Hamilton, Nalo / Dubinett, Steven M / Garon, Edward B / Pietras, Richard J

JTO clinical and research reports

2021 Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 100150

Abstract: Introduction: Estrogen receptors (ER) (ERα, ERβ) and aromatase (key enzyme for estrogen synthesis) are expressed in most human NSCLCs. High intratumoral estrogen levels and elevated aromatase expression in NSCLC predict poor outcome. This open-label, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Estrogen receptors (ER) (ERα, ERβ) and aromatase (key enzyme for estrogen synthesis) are expressed in most human NSCLCs. High intratumoral estrogen levels and elevated aromatase expression in NSCLC predict poor outcome. This open-label, phase 1b, single-center study evaluated the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of the aromatase inhibitor, exemestane, in combination with carboplatin and pemetrexed in postmenopausal women with stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC. Methods: Patients received exemestane (starting 1-wk before chemotherapy) at 25 mg orally (PO) daily (cohort 1) or 50 mg PO daily (cohort 2) combined with carboplatin (area under the curve 6 mg × min/mL) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m Results: A total of 10 patients consented for therapy, and two patients failed in the screening. Four patients completed the therapy in cohort 1 and four patients in cohort 2. The median number of cycles administered was 15 (range: 1-54). Maximum tolerated dose was exemestane 50 mg PO daily with combination chemotherapy. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed an objective response rate (ORR) of 62.5% (five of eight patients with partial response) and a clinical benefit rate of 87.5% (seven of eight patients with either stable disease or partial response). ORR was associated with aromatase expression ( Conclusions: The combination of carboplatin, pemetrexed, and exemestane in postmenopausal women with metastatic NSCLC is safe and well tolerated. Biomarker studies revealed that ORR correlates with tumor aromatase expression. These findings support future clinical trials to confirm the antitumor efficacy with this combination therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-3643
ISSN (online)	2666-3643
DOI	10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100150
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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