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Article ; Online: Control of Rhipicephalus microplus on taurine cattle with fluralaner in a subtropical region.

Gallina, Tiago / Dos Santos Lagranha, Camila / Bilo, Giancarlo / Malavolta, Cristiano / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Almeida Borges, Fernando / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / Strydom, Tom / Torres, Siddartha / Arnhold, Emmanuel / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Parasites & vectors

2024 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 101

Abstract: Background: In Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, a region with a subtropical climate, Rhipicephalus microplus is present in taurine cattle raised for beef and milk. In addition, ticks resistant to multiple acaricides are present in this region. Recently, ... ...

Abstract	Background: In Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, a region with a subtropical climate, Rhipicephalus microplus is present in taurine cattle raised for beef and milk. In addition, ticks resistant to multiple acaricides are present in this region. Recently, fluralaner (isoxazoline) was launched on the market. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the effects of fluralaner for the control of R. microplus on taurine cattle. In addition, occurrence of myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae after tick parasitism and weight gain of cattle during the experimental period were evaluated. Methods: Thirty naturally infested cattle were divided into two experimental groups: T01, treated with fluralaner (2.5 mg/kg) pour-on; T02, control. T01 received fluralaner on Days 0 (early summer in January), 42 and 84 (early autumn), whereas T02, a control group, received palliative treatment with a spray formulation when the group mean was ≥ 30 ticks. Counts of R. microplus females and calculation of the efficacy of fluralaner were performed on Days 3, 7, 14, 28, 35, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 126. The occurrence of myiasis was assessed throughout the study period. In addition, the weight, weight gain and daily weight gain of the animals were evaluated. Results: In the 12 evaluations performed, the parasitic load of T01 was near zero. Fluralaner showed 99.5% efficacy on the 3rd day after the first treatment and 100% efficacy from Day 7 to Day 126. Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae (n = 6; p = 0.0251) were found only in the control group (T02). At the end of the study, the animals subjected to treatments with fluralaner gained 32.8 kg more than the animals in the control group. Conclusions: Application of fluralaner in summer and autumn, with 42-day intervals between treatments, was effective to control R. microplus on taurine cattle, which also gained more weight than control cattle. Additionally, no cases of myasis were documented in animals treated with fluralaner.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Rhipicephalus ; Tick Infestations/drug therapy ; Tick Infestations/prevention & control ; Tick Infestations/veterinary ; Myiasis/veterinary ; Larva ; Calliphoridae ; Weight Gain ; Cattle Diseases/drug therapy ; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Isoxazoles
Chemical Substances	A1443 compound ; Isoxazoles
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-024-06200-0
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Article ; Online: What is the optimal timing to initiate strategic control of Rhipicephalus microplus in taurine cattle in a tropical region?

Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Trindade, Artur Siqueira Nunes / Pereira Neto, Octaviano / Soares, Vando Edésio / de Almeida Borges, Fernando / Monteiro, Caio Marcio de Oliveira / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Experimental & applied acarology

2024 Volume 92, Issue 2, Page(s) 217–232

Abstract: Cattle tick control poses a significant challenge for livestock in tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable timing to initiate a strategic tick control program and to identify the ideal number of ... ...

Abstract	Cattle tick control poses a significant challenge for livestock in tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable timing to initiate a strategic tick control program and to identify the ideal number of acaricide treatments for adult taurine cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in a tropical region throughout the year. Three groups with 10 bovines each were performed: T01 (strategic treatment in late autumn/winter/late spring, every 28 days), T02 (strategic treatment to act in the "first tick generation" - early spring/summer/early autumn, every 28 days) and T03 (control). Tick counts (females 4-8 mm) were conducted every 14 days. If the tick burden in any group reached 30 or more during these counts, we applied an additional treatment. Over the course of a year, T02 required significantly fewer (p < 0.05) acaricide treatments than T01, with nine treatments for T02 and eleven for T01. Furthermore, during the tick counts, animals in T02 showed a lower tick burden compared to those in T01. Initiating the strategic tick control program in early spring, corresponding to the first tick generation, proved more effective than starting in autumn. This approach not only required fewer acaricide treatments but also resulted in a reduced tick burden. These benefits are particularly valuable in terms of animal welfare and managing acaricide resistance issues.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Acaricides ; Rhipicephalus ; Tick Infestations/prevention & control ; Tick Infestations/veterinary ; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control ; Tick Control/methods
Chemical Substances	Acaricides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	11320-7
ISSN	1572-9702 ; 0168-8162
ISSN (online)	1572-9702
ISSN	0168-8162
DOI	10.1007/s10493-023-00877-1
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Article ; Online: EFFECT OF CATTLE AND HORSE FECES STORAGE METHODS ON NEMATODE EGG VIABILITY AND SENSITIVITY FOR EGG HATCH TEST.

Green de Freitas, Mariana / Gonçalves Lino Borges, Dyego / Henrique Conde, Mário / Takemi Muchon Nakatani, Matheus / Francieli Tutija, Juliane / Fuzaro Scaléa, Giulia Ornellas / Reckziegel, Guilherme Henrique / de Almeida Borges, Fernando

Experimental parasitology

2024 , Page(s) 108769

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to validate methods of stool sample conservation for the egg hatch test (EHT). This study involved the use of a bovine naturally infected predominantly by Cooperia spp. and one equine naturally infected predominantly by ... ...

Abstract	The aim of the present study was to validate methods of stool sample conservation for the egg hatch test (EHT). This study involved the use of a bovine naturally infected predominantly by Cooperia spp. and one equine naturally infected predominantly by cyathostomins characterized as susceptible to benzimidazoles in the EHT. Fecal samples were submitted to three treatments: aerobic methods (anaerobic storage in plastic bottles, anaerobic storage in vacuum-sealed bags or aerobic storage in plastic bags), under two temperature conditions (room temperature and refrigeration) analyzed at four different assessment times (48, 72, 96 and 120 hours). As the standard test, an assay was also performed within three hours. The tests were performed in triplicate for each drug concentration and with three experimental repetitions at one-week intervals. Two criteria were used for the storage methods: hatchability in the negative control group and sensitivity of the eggs to thiabendazole, comparing the EC50 and 95% confidence interval for each treatment to those of the standard test and the other repetitions. Bovine samples can be stored for up to 96 hours and refrigerated vacuum storage can be used, ensuring hatchability of the negative control and sensitivity of the eggs to thiabendazole. For equine samples, no forms of storage were indicated due to the variation among the repetitions and the reduction in the sensitivity of the eggs to thiabendazole, which could result in a false positive detection of resistance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391089-1
ISSN	1090-2449 ; 0014-4894
ISSN (online)	1090-2449
ISSN	0014-4894
DOI	10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108769
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Article: Moxidectin: A Viable Alternative for the Control of Ivermectin-Resistant Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Beef Cattle

Borges, Dyego Gonçalves Lino / Conde, Mário Henrique / Cunha, Cibele Cristina Tavares / De Freitas, Mariana Green / Moro, Elio / De Almeida Borges, Fernando

Acta veterinaria. 2022 Mar. 01, v. 72, no. 1

2022

Abstract: The increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in cattle especially for avermectins, is a challenge for controlling parasites in some herds. Thus, field studies demonstrating the increase in productivity by the use of anthelmintic formulations, ... ...

Abstract	The increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in cattle especially for avermectins, is a challenge for controlling parasites in some herds. Thus, field studies demonstrating the increase in productivity by the use of anthelmintic formulations, even when a suboptimal treatment (efficacy below 95%), can contribute to the development of gastrointestinal nematodes control programs in beef cattle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy and productive performance in pasture-raised beef calves, treated with macrocyclic lactones. A Split plot in time randomized block design was used to assess weight gain and reduction in fecal egg count (FECs) of treatments: 1% moxidectin (1% MOX), ivermectin (IVM) and abamectin (ABM) (2.25% IVM+1.25% ABM), 4% IVM, 3.15% IVM and placebo. For the evaluation of FECs and weight gain of the animals, individual samples were collected seven days before treatment and, +14, +30, +56, +91 and +118 days post-treatment (DPT). The efficacies in the 14th DPT were: 72.3% (1% MOX), 22.1% (4% IVM), 22% (2.25% IVM + 1.25% ABM) and 0% (3.15% ivermectin). 1% MOX was the only treatment that resulted in a significant increase in weight gain of the animals compared to the placebo group after 118 days of treatment, with a difference of 7.6 kg. Therefore, MOX remains a viable alternative for the control of helminths resistant to avermectins and still capable of resulting in significant productive gains, even with an efficacy below 95%.
Keywords	abamectin ; beef ; beef cattle ; fecal egg count ; gastrointestinal nematodes ; ivermectin ; moxidectin ; placebos ; weight gain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0301
Size	p. 16-29.
Publishing place	Sciendo
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2380825-1
ISSN	1820-7448 ; 0567-8315
ISSN (online)	1820-7448
ISSN	0567-8315
DOI	10.2478/acve-2022-0002
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Efficiency of fluralaner pour-on in different strategic control protocols against Rhipicephalus microplus on Brangus cattle in a tropical area.

Reckziegel, Guilherme Henrique / de Freitas, Mariana Green / Tutija, Juliane Francielle / Rodrigues, Vinícius Duarte / Borges, Dyego Gonçalves Lino / de Freitas, Murilo Damasceno Brunet / Gallina, Tiago / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / de Oliveira Arriero Amaral, Heitor / Strydom, Tom / Torres, Siddhartha / de Almeida Borges, Fernando

Parasites & vectors

2024 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 110

Abstract: Background: The occurrence of higher winter temperatures in Brazilian areas with tropical and highland climates may result in a fifth peak of tick populations during winter in addition to the four generations previously described. Therefore, a strategic ...

Abstract	Background: The occurrence of higher winter temperatures in Brazilian areas with tropical and highland climates may result in a fifth peak of tick populations during winter in addition to the four generations previously described. Therefore, a strategic control protocol was developed with treatments in two seasons with the objective of controlling the generations of ticks that occur in spring/summer and those that occur in autumn/winter. Methods: The study was conducted in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from the beginning of the rainy season, November 2020, to October 2021. In a randomized block design, 36 calves were distributed into three groups: (i) negative control; (ii) traditional strategic control in one season (SC1S), at the beginning of the rainy season; and (iii) strategic control in two seasons (SC2S), at the beginning and end of the rainy season. The SC1S strategic control group was treated on day 0, November 2020, and twice more with intervals of 42 days. The SC2S group received three more treatments beginning on day 182, May 2021, with intervals of 42 days. All treatments consisted of 5% fluralaner (Exzolt Results: Fluralaner showed a mean efficacy of more than 95% up to day 294. The two treated groups showed a decrease (P < 0.05) in the average number of ticks on day 3. In the SC2S group, the means were close or equal to zero throughout the study, while in the SC1S group, the means did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of the control group from day 231 onward. The final mean weight gain of each group was 76.40 kg, 98.63 kg, and 115.38 kg for the control, SC1S, and SC2S groups, respectively, differing (P < 0.05) from each other. Conclusions: Therefore, three applications of fluralaner, with one application every 42 days from the beginning of the rainy season in the middle spring, resulted in effective tick control for 224 days. When three additional treatments were given in autumn/winter with intervals of 42 days between applications, tick counts were reduced throughout the year. This strategic control approach may be indicated in years with climatic conditions that allow that population peaks are expected to occur in the autumn/winter period.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Rhipicephalus ; Isoxazoles/pharmacology ; Brazil ; Rain
Chemical Substances	A1443 compound ; Isoxazoles
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-024-06199-4
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Article ; Online: Practical guide to the diagnostics of ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes, liver fluke and lungworm infection: interpretation and usability of results.

Sabatini, Gustavo Adolfo / de Almeida Borges, Fernando / Claerebout, Edwin / Gianechini, Leonor Sicalo / Höglund, Johan / Kaplan, Ray Matthew / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti / Mitchell, Sian / Rinaldi, Laura / von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg / Steffan, Pedro / Woodgate, Robert

Parasites & vectors

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 58

Abstract: The diagnostics of ruminant parasites remains one of the cornerstones for parasite control best practices. Field veterinarians have several techniques at their disposal (fecal egg count, coproculture, FAMACHA®, plasma pepsinogen, ELISA-Ostertagia, ELISA- ... ...

Abstract	The diagnostics of ruminant parasites remains one of the cornerstones for parasite control best practices. Field veterinarians have several techniques at their disposal (fecal egg count, coproculture, FAMACHA®, plasma pepsinogen, ELISA-Ostertagia, ELISA-Fasciola, Baermann and ELISA-Lungworm) for the identification and/or quantification of gastrointestinal nematodes, lungworms and liver fluke infecting small ruminants and cattle. Each of these diagnostic tools has its own strengths and weaknesses and is more appropriate for a specific production operation and/or age of the animal (young and adults). This review focuses on the usability and interpretation of the results of these diagnostic tools. The most advanced technical information on sampling, storage, advantages and limitations of each tool for different types of production operations and animal categories is provided.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Fasciola hepatica ; Nematoda ; Ruminants ; Feces/parasitology ; Cattle Diseases/parasitology ; Parasite Egg Count/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-023-05680-w
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Article ; Online: First report of the efficacy of a fluralaner-based pour-on product (Exzolt® 5%) against ectoparasites infesting cattle in Brazil.

da Costa, Alvimar José / de Souza Martins, João Ricardo / de Almeida Borges, Fernando / Vettorato, Luis Fernando / Barufi, Francisco Bonomi / de Oliveira Arriero Amaral, Heitor / Abujamra, Luara Carolina / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / Zanetti Lopes, Welber Daniel

Parasites & vectors

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 336

Abstract: Background: This study describes the effectiveness of a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient, fluralaner (isoxazoline class), against important ectoparasites infesting cattle in Brazil.: Methods: A total of 13 studies involving a 5% fluralaner- ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study describes the effectiveness of a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient, fluralaner (isoxazoline class), against important ectoparasites infesting cattle in Brazil. Methods: A total of 13 studies involving a 5% fluralaner-based pour-on formulation (Exzolt 5%; further referred to as Exzolt) were conducted. Specifically, the effectiveness of this formulation was studied against Rhipicephalus microplus (6 studies), Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae (4 studies), Dermatobia hominis larvae (1 study) and Haematobia irritans flies (2 studies). Results: The therapeutic efficacy of Exzolt was found to exceed 98% at 4 days post treatment (DPT), while persistent efficacy (> 90% efficacy) against repeated infestations of R. microplus was observed for up to 79 DPT. In field studies, ≥ 98% therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated at all study sites by 7 DPT, and a persistent efficacy (> 90% efficacy) was observed for 42, 49 or 56 DPT. Exzolt prevented C. hominivorax eggs from developing to the larval stage, thus mitigating the development of myiasis in cattle naturally and artificially infested with this screworm. The efficacy of Exzolt against D. hominis larvae was 98% at 3 DPT, while persistent efficacy (> 90% effectiveness) was found to last for up to 70 DPT. Against H. irritans, Exzolt showed therapeutic efficacy (≥ 90%) within the first day of treatment at both study sites, while persistent efficacy (≥ 90%) was observed for 7 DPT at one site and for 21 DPT at the other site. Conclusions: Overall, the results from these studies confirm that Exzolt is therapeutically efficacious against the most important ectoparasites infesting cattle in Brazil. The novel active pharmaceutical ingredient, fluralaner, provides a new treatment option for farmers to control cattle ectoparasites, especially where there is resistance to other chemical classes. In addition, an effective control of ectoparasites will improve overall cattle health and well-being as well as production.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Ovum ; Muscidae ; Larva ; Cattle Diseases/drug therapy ; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control ; Cattle Diseases/parasitology ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Tick Infestations/drug therapy ; Tick Infestations/prevention & control ; Tick Infestations/veterinary
Chemical Substances	A1443 compound ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-023-05934-7
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Article ; Online: Moxidectin

Borges Dyego Gonçalves Lino / Conde Mário Henrique / Cunha Cibele Cristina Tavares / De Freitas Mariana Green / Moro Elio / De Almeida Borges Fernando

Acta Veterinaria, Vol 72, Iss 1, Pp 16-

A Viable Alternative for the Control of Ivermectin-Resistant Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Beef Cattle

2022 Volume 29

Abstract	The increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in cattle especially for avermectins, is a challenge for controlling parasites in some herds. Thus, field studies demonstrating the increase in productivity by the use of anthelmintic formulations, even when a suboptimal treatment (efficacy below 95%), can contribute to the development of gastrointestinal nematodes control programs in beef cattle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy and productive performance in pasture-raised beef calves, treated with macrocyclic lactones. A Split plot in time randomized block design was used to assess weight gain and reduction in fecal egg count (FECs) of treatments: 1% moxidectin (1% MOX), ivermectin (IVM) and abamectin (ABM) (2.25% IVM+1.25% ABM), 4% IVM, 3.15% IVM and placebo. For the evaluation of FECs and weight gain of the animals, individual samples were collected seven days before treatment and, +14, +30, +56, +91 and +118 days post-treatment (DPT). The efficacies in the 14th DPT were: 72.3% (1% MOX), 22.1% (4% IVM), 22% (2.25% IVM + 1.25% ABM) and 0% (3.15% ivermectin). 1% MOX was the only treatment that resulted in a significant increase in weight gain of the animals compared to the placebo group after 118 days of treatment, with a difference of 7.6 kg. Therefore, MOX remains a viable alternative for the control of helminths resistant to avermectins and still capable of resulting in significant productive gains, even with an efficacy below 95%.
Keywords	anthelmintic ; macrocyclic lactones ; resistance ; ruminants ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sciendo
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Efficacy of monthly treatment with oral fluralaner (Bravecto

Dos Santos, Katharine Costa / Guedes, Paula Elisa Brandão / Albuquerque, George Rêgo / de Jesus, Anderson Vieira / da Paixão Sevá, Anaiá / de Oliveira, Joana Thaisa Santos / de Carvalho Teixeira, Jamille Bispo / Bitar, Thammy Vieira / Harvey, Tatiani Vitor / Ramos, Sofia Nadir Sanches / Barufi, Francisco Bonomi / de Almeida Borges, Fernando / Carlos, Renata Santiago Alberto

Parasites & vectors

2024 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 197

Abstract: Background: Tungiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the adult female sand flea (Tunga penetrans). Dogs are considered important reservoirs of T. penetrans in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the monthly insecticidal efficacy of ...

Abstract	Background: Tungiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the adult female sand flea (Tunga penetrans). Dogs are considered important reservoirs of T. penetrans in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the monthly insecticidal efficacy of a single oral administration of fluralaner at a dose of 10-18 mg/kg (Bravecto Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in a rural community located in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. A total of 64 dogs were selected and distributed in a completely randomized design between a treated group (TG) that received one single dose of Bravecto Results: The primary efficacy of the product was greater than 95.0% from days 7 to 21 and reached 100.0% between days 28 and 42, with a significant association between treatment and infestation decline (P < 0.025) between days 7 and 42. Secondary drug efficacy was greater than 99.9% from days 7 to 21, reaching 100.0% between days 28 and 42 (P < 0.05). The treated dogs also scored lower on the SCADT than the control animals did during the entire clinical evaluation period (P < 0.05). Conclusions: A single administration of Bravecto
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Brazil ; Isoxazoles/administration & dosage ; Isoxazoles/therapeutic use ; Dog Diseases/drug therapy ; Dog Diseases/parasitology ; Female ; Insecticides/administration & dosage ; Insecticides/therapeutic use ; Tunga/drug effects ; Tungiasis/drug therapy ; Tungiasis/veterinary ; Tungiasis/parasitology ; Administration, Oral ; Male ; Double-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	A1443 compound ; Isoxazoles ; Insecticides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-024-06272-y
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Article ; Online: Anaplasmosis outbreaks in taurine and zebu cattle in Brazil: causes, treatments, and Anaplasma marginale genetic diversity.

Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / Cavalcante, Alliny Souza de Assis / de Moraes, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa / Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / Zapa, Dina Maria Beltrán / Paula, Warley Vieira de Freitas / Sales, Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva / Lima, Eduardo / Scarpa, Alexandre Braga / de Lemos, Ricardo Antônio Amaral / de Almeida Borges, Fernando / Zambrano, José / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / da Silva Krawczak, Felipe / Dantas-Torres, Filipe / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Tropical animal health and production

2024 Volume 56, Issue 4, Page(s) 154

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate seven outbreaks of A. marginale infection in two regions of Brazil, affecting taurine, zebu, and crossbred cattle. We assessed the possible causes, treatment measures, and genetic diversity of A. marginale. These outbreaks ...

Abstract	This study aimed to investigate seven outbreaks of A. marginale infection in two regions of Brazil, affecting taurine, zebu, and crossbred cattle. We assessed the possible causes, treatment measures, and genetic diversity of A. marginale. These outbreaks occurred in two states (Goiás: outbreaks 1-7; Mato Grosso do Sul: outbreak 3), breeds (Holstein, Nellore, and crossbreed), age groups (beef cattle: 18-25 days old and 7-8 months; dairy cattle: 18-25 days old, 13-14 months, and cow after the first birth) and rearing systems (feedlot, pasture, pen in a wood shaving bedding system and compost bedded-pack barns). Metaphylactic or prophylactic treatments varied according to outbreak (imidocarb dipropionate: outbreaks 1-4 and 6; enrofloxacin: outbreaks 5 and 7; diminazene diaceturate: outbreak 5). In outbreaks 6 and 7, the packed cell volume was monitored. In all outbreaks, the practice of needle/syringe sharing was discontinued. For outbreaks 1-3, clinical signs and mortality (range, 4.8-13.3%) occurred 36-45 days after entry into the feedlot. In outbreak 4, A. marginale was diagnosed in 66.2% of the calves (bacteremia, 0-4.5%), with a mortality of 8.6%. Among nursing calves aged 60 days during outbreak 5, 53.8% were infected with A. marginale, with average bacteremia of 2.7% (range, 0-21.3%), and a mortality of 13.8%. In dairy heifers aged 14 months, raised in paddocks lacking vegetation cover and infested with R. microplus, then transitioned to a rotational grazing system also infested with R. microplus, the A. marginale bacteremia ranged from 3.2 to 6.7%, with a mortality of 20%. Before monitoring during outbreak 7, the mortality was 17.9%, but no further deaths were observed after monitoring initiation. In conclusion, possible causes triggering the outbreaks included primary tick infestation, needle/syringe sharing, and stress factors which may have affected the immunological statues of animals in the feedlots. Control measures performed in all outbreaks were effective. The partial msp4 gene sequences of A. marginale generated herein belonged to two haplotypes, but further research would be needed to investigate if this finding has any clinical significance.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Cattle ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Anaplasmosis/epidemiology ; Anaplasmosis/microbiology ; Anaplasma marginale/genetics ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Cattle Diseases/microbiology ; Genetic Variation ; Female ; Animal Husbandry/methods ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603363-5
ISSN	1573-7438 ; 0049-4747
ISSN (online)	1573-7438
ISSN	0049-4747
DOI	10.1007/s11250-024-03957-5
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