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  1. Article ; Online: Inhibition of murine colorectal cancer metastasis by targeting M2-TAM through STAT3/NF-kB/AKT signaling using macrophage 1-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with oxaliplatin, retinoic acid, and Libidibia ferrea.

    de Carvalho, Thaís Gomes / Lara, Pablo / Jorquera-Cordero, Carla / Aragão, Cícero Flávio Soares / de Santana Oliveira, Artur / Garcia, Vinicius Barreto / de Paiva Souza, Shirley Vitória / Schomann, Timo / Soares, Luiz Alberto Lira / da Matta Guedes, Paulo Marcos / de Araújo Júnior, Raimundo Fernandes

    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

    2023  Volume 168, Page(s) 115663

    Abstract: Colorectal cancer is still unmanageable despite advances in target therapy. However, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown potential in nanomedicine as drug delivery systems, especially for modulating the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) ...

    Abstract Colorectal cancer is still unmanageable despite advances in target therapy. However, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown potential in nanomedicine as drug delivery systems, especially for modulating the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, M1 Macrophage EVs (M1EVs) were used as nanocarriers of oxaliplatin (M1EV1) associated with retinoic acid (M1EV2) and Libidibia ferrea (M1EV3), alone or in combination (M1EV4) to evaluate their antiproliferative and immunomodulatory potential on CT-26 and MC-38 colorectal cancer cell lines and prevent metastasis in mice of allograft and peritoneal colorectal cancer models. Tumors were evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The cell death profile and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process (EMT) were analyzed in vitro in colorectal cancer cell lines. Polarization of murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) was also carried out. M1EV2 and M1EV3 used alone or particularly M1EV4 downregulated the tumor progression by TME immunomodulation, leading to a decrease in primary tumor size and metastasis in the peritoneum, liver, and lungs. STAT3, NF-kB, and AKT were the major genes downregulated by of M1EV systems. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) shifted from an M2 phenotype (CD163) to an M1 phenotype (CD68) reducing levels of IL-10, TGF-β and CCL22. Furthermore, malignant cells showed overexpression of FADD, APAF-1, caspase-3, and E-cadherin, and decreased expression of MDR1, survivin, vimentin, and PD-L1 after treatment with systems of M1EVs. The study shows that EVs from M1 antitumor macrophages can transport drugs and enhance their immunomodulatory and antitumor activity by modulating pathways associated with cell proliferation, migration, survival, and drug resistance.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Oxaliplatin/pharmacology ; Oxaliplatin/therapeutic use ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Tretinoin ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances NF-kappa B ; Oxaliplatin (04ZR38536J) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Tretinoin (5688UTC01R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392415-4
    ISSN 1950-6007 ; 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
    ISSN (online) 1950-6007
    ISSN 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115663
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Extracellular Vesicles from M1-Polarized Macrophages Combined with Hyaluronic Acid and a β-Blocker Potentiate Doxorubicin's Antitumor Activity by Downregulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Breast Cancer.

    Jorquera-Cordero, Carla / Lara, Pablo / Cruz, Luis J / Schomann, Timo / van Hofslot, Anna / de Carvalho, Thaís Gomes / Guedes, Paulo Marcos Da Matta / Creemers, Laura / Koning, Roman I / Chan, Alan B / de Araujo Junior, Raimundo Fernandes

    Pharmaceutics

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 5

    Abstract: One of the main reasons for cancer's low clinical response to chemotherapeutics is the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-ass ociated M2 macrophages (M2-TAMs) orchestrate the immunosuppression, which favors tumor progression. ... ...

    Abstract One of the main reasons for cancer's low clinical response to chemotherapeutics is the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-ass ociated M2 macrophages (M2-TAMs) orchestrate the immunosuppression, which favors tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential for targeted therapies as, depending on their biological origin, they can present different therapeutic properties, such as enhanced accumulation in the target tissue or modulation of the immune system. In the current study, EVs were isolated from M1-macrophages (M1-EVs) pre-treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) and the β-blocker carvedilol (CV). The resulting modulated-M1 EVs (MM1-EVs) were further loaded with doxorubicin (MM1-DOX) to assess their effect in a mouse model of metastatic tumor growth. The cell death and cell migration profile were evaluated in vitro in 4T1 cells. The polarization of the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line was also analyzed to evaluate the effects on the TME. Tumors were investigated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. MM1-DOX reduced the primary tumor size and metastases. NF-κB was the major gene downregulated by MM1-DOX. Furthermore, MM1-DOX reduced the expression of M2-TAM (CD-163) in tumors, which resulted in increased apoptosis (FADD) as well as decreased expression of MMP-2 and TGF-β. These results suggest a direct effect in tumors and an upregulation in the TME immunomodulation, which corroborate with our in vitro data that showed increased apoptosis, modulation of macrophage polarization, and reduced cell migration after treatment with M1-EVs combined with HA and CV. Our results indicate that the M1-EVs enhanced the antitumor effects of DOX, especially if combined with HA and CV in an animal model of metastatic cancer.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527217-2
    ISSN 1999-4923
    ISSN 1999-4923
    DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051068
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Toxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Phenolic-Rich Extract from

    Tavares, Emanuella de Aragão / Guerra, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo / da Costa Melo, Nadja Maria / Dantas-Medeiros, Renato / da Silva, Elaine Cristine Souza / Andrade, Anderson Wilbur Lopes / de Souza Araújo, Daline Fernandes / da Silva, Valéria Costa / Zanatta, Ana Caroline / de Carvalho, Thaís Gomes / de Araújo, Aurigena Antunes / de Araújo-Júnior, Raimundo Fernandes / Zucolotto, Silvana Maria

    Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 3

    Abstract: Phenolic compounds have been scientifically recognized as beneficial to intestinal health. The ... ...

    Abstract Phenolic compounds have been scientifically recognized as beneficial to intestinal health. The cactus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2704341-1
    ISSN 2223-7747
    ISSN 2223-7747
    DOI 10.3390/plants12030594
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Maximizing the potency of oxaliplatin coated nanoparticles with folic acid for modulating tumor progression in colorectal cancer.

    Oliveira, Ana Luiza C de S L / Zerillo, Luana / Cruz, Luis J / Schomann, Timo / Chan, Alan B / de Carvalho, Thaís Gomes / Souza, Shirley Vitória de P / Araújo, Aurigena A / de Geus-Oei, Lioe-Fee / de Araújo Júnior, Raimundo F

    Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications

    2020  Volume 120, Page(s) 111678

    Abstract: One of the challenges of nanotechnology is to improve the efficacy of treatments for diseases, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Following this line of study, we made a nanoparticle formulation with a small size, uniform surfaces, and a ... ...

    Abstract One of the challenges of nanotechnology is to improve the efficacy of treatments for diseases, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Following this line of study, we made a nanoparticle formulation with a small size, uniform surfaces, and a satisfactory encapsulation coefficient as a target for colorectal cancer cells. The results of binding and uptake prove that using the target system with folic acid works: Using this system, cytotoxicity and cell death are increased when compared to using free oxaliplatin. The data show that the system maximized the efficiency of oxaliplatin in modulating tumor progression, increasing apoptosis and decreasing resistance to the drug. Thus, for the first time, our findings suggest that PLGA-PEG-FA increases the antitumor effectiveness of oxaliplatin by functioning as a facilitator of drug delivery in colorectal cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Drug Carriers/therapeutic use ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; Oxaliplatin/pharmacology ; Oxaliplatin/therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Drug Carriers ; Oxaliplatin (04ZR38536J) ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A) ; Folic Acid (935E97BOY8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2012160-X
    ISSN 1873-0191 ; 0928-4931
    ISSN (online) 1873-0191
    ISSN 0928-4931
    DOI 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111678
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Hypoglycemic and Vasorelaxant Effect of Passiflora edulis Fruit Peel By-Product.

    Cabral, Bárbara / Bortolin, Raul Hernandes / Gonçalves, Tays Amanda Felisberto / Maciel, Priscilla Maria Pereira / de Arruda, Alinne Villar / de Carvalho, Thais Gomes / Abboud, Kahlile Youssef / Alves, Jovelina Samara Ferreira / Cordeiro, Lucimara M C / de Medeiros, Isac Almeida / de Rezende, Adriana Augusto / Zucolotto, Silvana Maria

    Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

    2021  Volume 76, Issue 4, Page(s) 466–471

    Abstract: Passiflora edulis fo. flavicarpa (Passifloraceae) is popularly known as yellow passion fruit and its fruit peels are considered a rich by-product in bioactive compounds which has greatly beneficial health properties. The objective of this study was to ... ...

    Abstract Passiflora edulis fo. flavicarpa (Passifloraceae) is popularly known as yellow passion fruit and its fruit peels are considered a rich by-product in bioactive compounds which has greatly beneficial health properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of P. edulis fruit peel extracts in a type 1 diabetes model and the potential vasorelaxant effect. The aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts were obtained from P. edulis fruit peels and orientin and isorientin flavonoids were identified in both extracts through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Pectin was only identified in the aqueous extract by high-performance steric exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Regarding the vascular system, the hydroethanolic extract showed better vasorelaxant effects in the mesenteric artery rings when compared to the aqueous extract. These effects mainly occur by opening the potassium channels. In the type 1 diabetes model, extracts at doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg were able to restore the effect of insulin in diabetic rats which were not responding to its action. The antidiabetic effect was more significant for the aqueous extract. Thus, the results suggest that the hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts have greater potential to be used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and as a hypoglycemic agent, respectively. Taken together, P. edulis fruit peel extracts proved to be a source of valuable bioactive raw material to produce nutraceuticals or pharmaceutical products.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy ; Fruit ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Passiflora ; Pectins ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Rats ; Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Hypoglycemic Agents ; Plant Extracts ; Vasodilator Agents ; Pectins (89NA02M4RX)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188869-9
    ISSN 1573-9104 ; 0377-3205
    ISSN (online) 1573-9104
    ISSN 0377-3205
    DOI 10.1007/s11130-021-00921-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Hypoglycemic and Vasorelaxant Effect of Passiflora edulis Fruit Peel By-Product

    Cabral, Bárbara / Bortolin, Raul Hernandes / Gonçalves, Tays Amanda Felisberto / Maciel, Priscilla Maria Pereira / de Arruda, Alinne Villar / de Carvalho, Thais Gomes / Abboud, Kahlile Youssef / Alves, Jovelina Samara Ferreira / Cordeiro, Lucimara M. C. / de Medeiros, Isac Almeida / de Rezende, Adriana Augusto / Zucolotto, Silvana Maria

    Plant foods for human nutrition. 2021 Dec., v. 76, no. 4

    2021  

    Abstract: Passiflora edulis fo. flavicarpa (Passifloraceae) is popularly known as yellow passion fruit and its fruit peels are considered a rich by-product in bioactive compounds which has greatly beneficial health properties. The objective of this study was to ... ...

    Abstract Passiflora edulis fo. flavicarpa (Passifloraceae) is popularly known as yellow passion fruit and its fruit peels are considered a rich by-product in bioactive compounds which has greatly beneficial health properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of P. edulis fruit peel extracts in a type 1 diabetes model and the potential vasorelaxant effect. The aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts were obtained from P. edulis fruit peels and orientin and isorientin flavonoids were identified in both extracts through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Pectin was only identified in the aqueous extract by high-performance steric exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Regarding the vascular system, the hydroethanolic extract showed better vasorelaxant effects in the mesenteric artery rings when compared to the aqueous extract. These effects mainly occur by opening the potassium channels. In the type 1 diabetes model, extracts at doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg were able to restore the effect of insulin in diabetic rats which were not responding to its action. The antidiabetic effect was more significant for the aqueous extract. Thus, the results suggest that the hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts have greater potential to be used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and as a hypoglycemic agent, respectively. Taken together, P. edulis fruit peel extracts proved to be a source of valuable bioactive raw material to produce nutraceuticals or pharmaceutical products.
    Keywords Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa ; byproducts ; dietary supplements ; flavonoids ; fruit peels ; fruits ; gel chromatography ; glycemic effect ; human nutrition ; hypertension ; hypoglycemic agents ; insulin ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; mesenteric arteries ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; pectins ; potassium ; raw materials ; ultra-performance liquid chromatography ; vasodilator agents
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-12
    Size p. 466-471.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 221100-2
    ISSN 1573-9104 ; 0921-9668
    ISSN (online) 1573-9104
    ISSN 0921-9668
    DOI 10.1007/s11130-021-00921-8
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Effect of p-cymene and rosmarinic acid on gastric ulcer healing – Involvement of multiple endogenous curative mechanisms

    Formiga, Rodrigo de Oliveira / Alves Júnior, Edvaldo Balbino / Vasconcelos, Roseane Carvalho / Araújo, Aurigena Antunes / de Carvalho, Thaís Gomes / de Araújo Junior, Raimundo Fernandes / Guerra, Gerlane Bernardo Coelho / Vieira, Giciane Carvalho / de Oliveira, Kardilandia Mendes / Diniz, Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo / Sobral, Marianna Vieira / Barbosa Filho, José Maria / Spiller, Fernando / Batista, Leônia Maria

    Phytomedicine. 2021 June, v. 86

    2021  

    Abstract: p-Cymene and rosmarinic acid are secondary metabolites found in several medicinal plants and spices. Previous studies have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects.To evaluate their gastroduodenal antiulcer activity, ... ...

    Abstract p-Cymene and rosmarinic acid are secondary metabolites found in several medicinal plants and spices. Previous studies have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects.To evaluate their gastroduodenal antiulcer activity, gastric healing and toxicity in experimental models.Preventive antiulcer effects were assessed using oral pre-treatment on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions and cysteamine-induced duodenal lesions models. Gastric healing, the underlining mechanisms and toxicity after repeated doses were carried out using the acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model and oral treatment for 14 days.In the HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and cysteamine-induced duodenal injury, p-cymene and rosmarinic acid (50–200 mg/kg) decreased significantly the ulcer area, and so prevented lesions formation. In the acetic acid-induced ulcer model, both compounds (200 mg/kg) markedly reduced the ulcerative injury. These effects were related to an increase in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and interleukin (IL)-10, and due to a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Downregulation of factor nuclear kappa B (NFκB) and enhanced expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 were also demonstrated. Furthermore, positive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and cyclooxygenase (COX-2)-stained cells were increased in treated groups. Treatment also upregulated the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in gastric tissues. In isolated gastric epithelial cells this healing effect seems to be linked to a modulation of apoptosis, proliferation, survival and protein phosphorylation, such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Oral toxicity investigation for 14 days revealed no alterations in heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys weight nor the biochemical and hematological assessed parameters. p-Cymene and rosmarinic acid also protected animals from body weight loss maintaining feed and water intake.Data altogether suggest low toxicity, antiulcer and gastric healing activities of p-cymene and rosmarinic acid. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties seem to be involved in the curative effect as well as the induction of different factors linked to tissue repair.
    Keywords animal models ; anti-ulcer activity ; apoptosis ; body weight changes ; epidermal growth factor receptors ; fibroblast growth factor 2 ; glutathione ; heart ; liver ; malondialdehyde ; metalloproteinases ; mitochondria ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; oral administration ; p-cymene ; platelet-derived growth factor ; prostaglandin synthase ; protein phosphorylation ; reactive oxygen species ; rosmarinic acid ; secondary metabolites ; spleen ; stomach ulcers ; tissue repair ; toxicity ; vascular endothelial growth factors
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-06
    Publishing place Elsevier GmbH
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 1205240-1
    ISSN 1618-095X ; 0944-7113
    ISSN (online) 1618-095X
    ISSN 0944-7113
    DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153497
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Anti-Inflammatory and Chemopreventive Effects of

    Andrade, Anderson Wilbur Lopes / Guerra, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo / de Souza Araújo, Daline Fernandes / de Araújo Júnior, Raimundo Fernandes / de Araújo, Aurigena Antunes / de Carvalho, Thaís Gomes / Fernandes, Júlia Morais / Diez-Echave, Patrícia / Hidalgo-García, Laura / Rodriguez-Cabezas, Maria Elena / Gálvez, Julio / Zucolotto, Silvana Maria

    Frontiers in pharmacology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 998

    Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases, mainly ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by chronic inflammation in the intestine. Currently several therapeutic strategies available to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. Though, most treatments can be ...

    Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases, mainly ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by chronic inflammation in the intestine. Currently several therapeutic strategies available to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. Though, most treatments can be associated with serious adverse effects what justifies the search for new treatments. In this sense, we highlight the interest in herbal products rich in bioactive compounds which immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties as is the case of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587355-6
    ISSN 1663-9812
    ISSN 1663-9812
    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2020.00998
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: In Vivo Antidepressant Effect of

    Alves, Jovelina Samara Ferreira / Silva, Alaine Maria Dos Santos / da Silva, Rodrigo Moreira / Tiago, Pamella Rebeca Fernandes / de Carvalho, Thais Gomes / de Araújo Júnior, Raimundo Fernandes / de Azevedo, Eduardo Pereira / Lopes, Norberto Peporine / Ferreira, Leandro De Santis / Gavioli, Elaine Cristina / da Silva-Júnior, Arnóbio Antônio / Zucolotto, Silvana Maria

    Pharmaceutics

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 4

    Abstract: A variety of neuroactive flavonoids can be found in the species of ... ...

    Abstract A variety of neuroactive flavonoids can be found in the species of the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527217-2
    ISSN 1999-4923
    ISSN 1999-4923
    DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040383
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  10. Article ; Online: Effect of p-cymene and rosmarinic acid on gastric ulcer healing - Involvement of multiple endogenous curative mechanisms.

    Formiga, Rodrigo de Oliveira / Alves Júnior, Edvaldo Balbino / Vasconcelos, Roseane Carvalho / Araújo, Aurigena Antunes / de Carvalho, Thaís Gomes / de Araújo Junior, Raimundo Fernandes / Guerra, Gerlane Bernardo Coelho / Vieira, Giciane Carvalho / de Oliveira, Kardilandia Mendes / Diniz, Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo / Sobral, Marianna Vieira / Barbosa Filho, José Maria / Spiller, Fernando / Batista, Leônia Maria

    Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

    2021  Volume 86, Page(s) 153497

    Abstract: Background: p-Cymene and rosmarinic acid are secondary metabolites found in several medicinal plants and spices. Previous studies have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects.: Purpose: To evaluate their ... ...

    Abstract Background: p-Cymene and rosmarinic acid are secondary metabolites found in several medicinal plants and spices. Previous studies have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects.
    Purpose: To evaluate their gastroduodenal antiulcer activity, gastric healing and toxicity in experimental models.
    Methods: Preventive antiulcer effects were assessed using oral pre-treatment on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions and cysteamine-induced duodenal lesions models. Gastric healing, the underlining mechanisms and toxicity after repeated doses were carried out using the acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model and oral treatment for 14 days.
    Results: In the HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and cysteamine-induced duodenal injury, p-cymene and rosmarinic acid (50-200 mg/kg) decreased significantly the ulcer area, and so prevented lesions formation. In the acetic acid-induced ulcer model, both compounds (200 mg/kg) markedly reduced the ulcerative injury. These effects were related to an increase in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and interleukin (IL)-10, and due to a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Downregulation of factor nuclear kappa B (NFκB) and enhanced expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 were also demonstrated. Furthermore, positive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and cyclooxygenase (COX-2)-stained cells were increased in treated groups. Treatment also upregulated the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in gastric tissues. In isolated gastric epithelial cells this healing effect seems to be linked to a modulation of apoptosis, proliferation, survival and protein phosphorylation, such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Oral toxicity investigation for 14 days revealed no alterations in heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys weight nor the biochemical and hematological assessed parameters. p-Cymene and rosmarinic acid also protected animals from body weight loss maintaining feed and water intake.
    Conclusions: Data altogether suggest low toxicity, antiulcer and gastric healing activities of p-cymene and rosmarinic acid. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties seem to be involved in the curative effect as well as the induction of different factors linked to tissue repair.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Cinnamates/therapeutic use ; Cymenes/therapeutic use ; Depsides/therapeutic use ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy ; Rosmarinic Acid
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Anti-Ulcer Agents ; Antioxidants ; Cinnamates ; Cymenes ; Depsides ; 4-cymene (1G1C8T1N7Q)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1205240-1
    ISSN 1618-095X ; 0944-7113
    ISSN (online) 1618-095X
    ISSN 0944-7113
    DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153497
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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