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Book ; Article ; Online: Conceitos e legislação sobre a agricultura familiar na América Latina e no Caribe

de Castro, César Nunes

2023

Abstract: The concept of family farming has been disseminated since the 1990s throughout the world, including in Latin American countries and Brazil. Numerous official documents and academic papers make reference to the concept throughout the region. However, the ... ...

Abstract	The concept of family farming has been disseminated since the 1990s throughout the world, including in Latin American countries and Brazil. Numerous official documents and academic papers make reference to the concept throughout the region. However, the use of related conceptual terminologies persists, such as, for example, peasant agriculture, or small-scale agriculture, among others. This article aims to analyze the existence and differences of this concept in Latin American and Caribbean countries. For the concept to be used within the scope of state action, it is necessary, that it is defined, unequivocally, in the form of law. As observed in this paper, this institutionalization is more evident in South American countries, less evident in Central America and practically absent in the Caribbean. At present, the authors weren't able to identify any form of consensus regarding the concept of family farming, and its legal acceptance, in the region. For the time being, Brazilian pioneering is evident in defining the concept and its applicability in public policies specifically aimed at family farmers.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; Q1 ; Q18 ; family farming ; concepts ; laws ; Latin America ; Caribbean
Subject code	070
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Projeto de integração do São Francisco e a segurança hídrica da região beneficiada

Cerezini, Monise Terra / de Castro, César Nunes

2023

Abstract: The São Francisco River Transposition Project was proposed by the Federal Government as one of the solutions to overcome water insecurity in part of the Northeast Brazil. This study was proposed with the objective of evaluating water security, in the ... ...

Abstract	The São Francisco River Transposition Project was proposed by the Federal Government as one of the solutions to overcome water insecurity in part of the Northeast Brazil. This study was proposed with the objective of evaluating water security, in the human, economic, ecosystem and resilience dimensions, and pointing out the possible contributions of the transposition to the water security of the benefited region. Through the Water Security Index (ISH), two scenarios were comparatively evaluated, bringing a current diagnosis and a prospective evaluation based on the possible impacts of the transposition. The human dimension pointed to the risk of water scarcity for a total urban population of 4 million people. The lack of water for irrigated agriculture indicates a risk of 92% of the economic value of its production and the industry sector, whose participation in the local economy is greater, presented 85% of the value of its production at risk in a scenario of water scarcity. The natural and artificial conditions of water reserve indicate water fragility and point to the need to adopt structural and management measures to increase the resilience of this region. In the ecosystem dimension, the impact of ecosystems by the water deficit was evidenced in 46% of the municipalities, in relation to water quality, 81% of the municipalities were classified at the worst level, indicating the critical environmental condition of this region. This investigation identified the most critical areas that need more attention in the search for guaranteeing water supply for populations and economic activities.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; Q2 ; Q25 ; water security ; Water Security Index ; transposition of the São Francisco river
Subject code	710
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Saneamento rural no Brasil

de Castro, César Nunes / Cerezini, Monise Terra

A universalização é possível?

2023

Abstract: The supply of drinking water and the proper disposal of waste generated by human activities are two important factors that influence the quality of life and health of a population. In recent decades, access to basic sanitation services has shown advances ...

Abstract	The supply of drinking water and the proper disposal of waste generated by human activities are two important factors that influence the quality of life and health of a population. In recent decades, access to basic sanitation services has shown advances in all Brazilian regions. Despite this, access to these services by the Brazilian population is still far from ideal. The Federal Constitution of 1988 includes basic sanitation as a right of the Brazilian population. Currently, 2023, the universalization of access to basic sanitation services is still far from reality. The distance from this universalization is even more distant in rural areas. Due to factors such as insufficient financial resources and the lower population density in rural areas, making it more expensive to provide basic sanitation services for a dispersed population, universalizing access for this group of people constitutes a complex task. The fiscal difficulties of the different federative entities in the last decade, especially the Federal one, constitute, perhaps, the main obstacle to the expansion of access. Financial execution data of investments related to rural sanitation from 2012 to 2022 demonstrate the significant reduction in invested amounts.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; L50 ; Q25 ; Q28 ; sanitation ; countryside ; universalization
Subject code	910
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Desenvolvimento regional da área de influência do Programa de Integração do São Francisco

de Castro, César Nunes / Cerezini, Monise Terra

2022

Abstract: To try to minimize the adverse effects of low water availability on the population and on the economy of part of the semiarid region, the Federal Government put into practice, in 2007, the São Francisco Integration Project (PISF). The PISF, known simply ... ...

Abstract	To try to minimize the adverse effects of low water availability on the population and on the economy of part of the semiarid region, the Federal Government put into practice, in 2007, the São Francisco Integration Project (PISF). The PISF, known simply as the São Francisco transposition, represents an ambitious water infrastructure project aimed at increasing water supply in the most arid region of Brazil. Due to the relative socioeconomic backwardness of the region benefiting from the PISF, easily verifiable by the analysis of different indicators, the objective of contributing to the socioeconomic development of the vast territory included in the project's direct and indirect areas of influence was linked to the transposition. Evaluating public policies that promote regional development in municipalities included in PISF's influence area is the objective of this article. Most of the 398 municipalities in the PISF's area of influence are classified, according to the typology of the National Policy for Regional Development (PNDR) (Brasil, 2017), in the priority classes (low and middle income) for receiving funding from Brazilian regional policy. In general, there are several signs of the State's action in the region. On the one hand, as a positive point, there is a high coverage of social programs with repercussions on regional development, such as Bolsa Família. On the other hand, some negative points were identified, such as little attention in the region's development plans for the industrial sector, an important source of employment, and inconsistency between the operation of the Constitutional Fund for the Northeast (FNE), and the premises of the PNDR.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; R10 ; regional development ; social policy ; São Francisco River Basin water transfer
Subject code	910
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Expansão da produção agrícola, novas tecnologias de produção, aumento de produtividade e o desnível tecnológico no meio rural

Pereira, Caroline Nascimento / De Castro, César Nunes

2022

Abstract: The growing demand for food and energy, in the face of population growth, is an increasingly present theme in debates about agriculture. In the last century, innovations were fundamental to achieve population growth, such as the Green Revolution and its ... ...

Abstract	The growing demand for food and energy, in the face of population growth, is an increasingly present theme in debates about agriculture. In the last century, innovations were fundamental to achieve population growth, such as the Green Revolution and its importance for the introduction of large-scale agriculture in the interior of Brazil, making the country a food exporter. The concern with increased consumption persists, added to concerns about the climate and desertification of areas around the world, which imposes a new wave of innovations and solutions to achieve present and future demand. Digital agriculture, or also known as Agriculture 4.0, has been pointed out as a possible solution to the current and future problems of the sector, based on precision agriculture and new technologies, saving resources, reducing costs and increasing productivity. However, new technologies are not accessible to all farmers, as most of these technologies depend on internet infrastructure, which is still precarious in much of Brazil, in addition to having an access cost that is often unfeasible for small producers.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; Q10 ; Q11 ; Q16 ; crop projections ; innovation ; Agriculture 4.0 ; small farmer
Subject code	339
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Política agrícola e desenvolvimento da área de influência do Projeto de Integração do São Francisco

de Castro, César Nunes / Cerezini, Monise Terra

2022

Abstract: A considerable part of the population in the area of influence (AI) of the São Francisco Integration Program (PISF) in the states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará survives from agricultural production in the approximately 500 ... ...

Abstract	A considerable part of the population in the area of influence (AI) of the São Francisco Integration Program (PISF) in the states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará survives from agricultural production in the approximately 500 thousand agricultural establishments scattered throughout the AI PISF. It is expected that the PISF, along with other public policies, will contribute to the development of this much-needed portion of the Brazilian semiarid region. The objective of this article is to analyze the implementation of some of the agricultural policies of the Federal Government in the territory composed of the 398 municipalities of the AI PISF. Special analytical emphasis is given to initiatives related to family farming, a category in which most agricultural establishments in the region are classified. In this sense, two public policies to support family farming, the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (PRONAF) and the Food Acquisition Program (PAA), constitute focal points of the analysis exposed throughout the article. Among the findings of the study, special mention to the coverage of PRONAF in the region, about 99.9% of family establishments are linked to PRONAF. A segment of the agricultural sector that is constantly the target of projects and public policies in the region is irrigated agriculture. Regarding this, the data shows that the goals established by the Federal Government, around 2005, for the irrigated area in the region in 2025 are very far from being achieved. Therefore, some caution is proposed regarding the goals for the expansion of irrigated agriculture in the AI PISF.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; Q15 ; Q16 ; Q18 ; water infrastructure ; agriculture ; Pronaf
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Análise prospectiva de potenciais impactos socioeconômicos do Projeto de Integração do Rio São Francisco com bacias hidrográficas do Nordeste Setentrional sobre a região beneficiada

de Castro, César Nunes / Cerezini, Monise Terra

2022

Abstract: A significant portion of the northeastern territory of Brazil has a population and water resources such that, when combined, they result in low to very low water availability per inhabitant. Over time, numerous human interventions were carried out in the ...

Abstract	A significant portion of the northeastern territory of Brazil has a population and water resources such that, when combined, they result in low to very low water availability per inhabitant. Over time, numerous human interventions were carried out in the region in an attempt to mitigate the effects of the climate and the low natural water availability of the region on the life of the local population. Among these, perhaps the most ambitious, the transposition of the São Francisco, began to be built (channels, tunnels, water mains.) in 2007 and is in the final phase of implementation. This work aims to evaluate the possible socioeconomic impacts of the São Francisco transposition on the benefited region. Among the potential impacts, it is considered that in the medium term (until 2041) the basal flows transposed by the PISF to the East (10 m3 /s) and North (16.4 m3 /s) axes will probably be enough to meet the part of the deficit of demand for priority uses projected for the East axis and just over 90% of the deficit projected for these uses in the North axis in 2041. To increase the water security of the dispersed rural population, complementary measures to the PISF will have to be adopted, such as, for example, the continuous investment in cisterns and periodic actions, necessary in periods of occurrence of extreme weather phenomena, such as that of water distribution through water trucks.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; Q25 ; Q28 ; Brazil's Northeast ; São Francisco River water transposition ; social and economic impacts
Subject code	333
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Sobre a agricultura irrigada no semiárido

de Castro, César Nunes

Uma análise histórica e atual de diferentes opções de política

2018

Abstract: In the last decades, in an attempt to promote a model of agriculture of high productivity in the semiarid, successive governments have invested in the water infrastructure for the creation of several irrigation districts in the region. The purpose of ... ...

Abstract	In the last decades, in an attempt to promote a model of agriculture of high productivity in the semiarid, successive governments have invested in the water infrastructure for the creation of several irrigation districts in the region. The purpose of this work is to analyze historically the evolution of irrigated agriculture and the policy options of the Federal Government in relation to its development in the Brazilian semiarid. From this portrait, the objective is to discuss the potential of irrigated agriculture as an inducer of agricultural development in the region and about different policy options for irrigation in the semiarid region. The success of these ventures in relation to the income and jobs generated, number of farmers settled, companies installed, among other factors, is diverse. There are those perimeters installed at the Petrolina and Juazeiro poles, which have developed over the decades until they reached the current stage, in which a modern and profitable agricultural production is turned to export. Otherwise, there are those that have not been completed and are partially operative.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; Q1 ; Q18 ; semiarid ; irrigated agriculture ; national irrigation policy
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Assistência técnica na agricultura brasileira

Pereira, Caroline Nascimento / De Castro, César Nunes

Uma análise sobre a origem da orientação técnica por meio do Censo Agropecuário de 2017

2021

Abstract: Technical assistance as a support tool and source of information for rural producers has undergone several transformations over the years. After brief attempts to introduce the service, ATER gained strength in the period of agricultural technification in ...

Abstract	Technical assistance as a support tool and source of information for rural producers has undergone several transformations over the years. After brief attempts to introduce the service, ATER gained strength in the period of agricultural technification in the 1960s. Agricultural credit provided resources for producers to introduce the technological package to crops, which was disseminated through technical assistance among agricultural establishments. Some decades passed after the creation, and even dismantling, of the main institutions and entities in the sector, but technical assistance remains an indispensable service to improve the performance of the productive activity, in addition to the possibility of reducing costs and increasing profitability. Furthermore, the role of extension workers is essential to collaborate with social issues in the field, such as productive organization, associations, among others. Despite the proven importance, only 20% of Brazilian agricultural establishments have some type of technical guidance in the 2017 Agricultural Census. The public ATER, which has great capillarity throughout Brazil and qualified human capital, showed a reduction in performance among the 2006 Agricultural Census and 2017. In opposite, other sources of technical guidance have shown significant growth, such as self-orientation and cooperatives. The greater use of other sources is welcome, mainly due to the specificities of each region and the type of agriculture practiced, however many establishments, mainly in the North and Northeast of Brazil, do not have the resources and scale to hire their own employees or in the region there is no culture cooperatives, which prevents the production of many small establishments.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; Q1 ; Q16 ; Ater ; cooperatives ; integrating companies ; System S
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: O agronegócio e os desafios do financiamento da infraestrutura de transportes no Brasil

de Castro, César Nunes

2015

Abstract: Brazilian agriculture has undergone a process of modernization that occurred gradually since the 1950s to the present day. Part of this modernization included the use of more efficient agricultural practices with respect to agricultural yield. However, ... ...

Abstract	Brazilian agriculture has undergone a process of modernization that occurred gradually since the 1950s to the present day. Part of this modernization included the use of more efficient agricultural practices with respect to agricultural yield. However, Brazilian agriculture still faces many obstacles to its further development, one of which is posed by the faulty transport and logistics infrastructure. This text deals with this issue. The main purpose of it is to address the relationship between agribusiness and logistics infrastructure necessary to allow Brazilian agriculture continued development. Alternatives to expand and modernize Brazilian transport infrastructure exist. These alternatives in turn face the problem of funding. As much as they are beneficial to the agricultural sector, the available resources to fund many of the projects are scarce. The resolution of such a challenge, to improve poor Brazilian logistics infrastructure, is not trivial, but it is one that must be addressed by society and public authorities.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; O18 ; transport infrastructure ; agriculture ; funding
Subject code	380
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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