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  1. Article ; Online: Airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA excretion by patients with COVID-19 on different oxygen-delivery systems: a prospective observational study.

    Janssen, M L / Klazen, Y P / de Man, P / Hanselaar, W / Ong, D S Y / Wils, E-J

    The Journal of hospital infection

    2022  Volume 123, Page(s) 87–91

    Abstract: Background: Concerns persist regarding the risk of airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission by patients with COVID-19 on various modalities of oxygen therapy, such as high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC).: Aim: We aimed to compare the presence of airborne RNA in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Concerns persist regarding the risk of airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission by patients with COVID-19 on various modalities of oxygen therapy, such as high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC).
    Aim: We aimed to compare the presence of airborne RNA in air samples between groups of patients with COVID-19 on different oxygen-delivery systems. We also explored factors that were associated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity in air samples.
    Results: Air samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in three of 39 patients (8%) on HFNC, 0 of 13 (0%) on masks, versus five of 20 (25%) on nasal cannula. Odds ratio for air sample positivity was 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-2.34) when comparing HFNC vs non-HFNC group, and 5.78 (1.24-27.01) for nasal cannula vs non-nasal cannula group. Patients with positive air samples in comparison with those with negative air samples were sampled earlier after symptoms onset (median: 7 vs 10 days; P=0.04) and had lower Ct values of diagnostic nasopharyngeal samples (median: 22 vs 26; P=0.02).
    Conclusions: Air sample positivity was not related to oxygen support device but to viral load. These data suggest that the use of personal protection equipment should be based on risk management according to viral load rather than oxygen support device.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Cannula ; Humans ; Oxygen ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 779366-2
    ISSN 1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
    ISSN (online) 1532-2939
    ISSN 0195-6701
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.03.001
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    Zs.A 1586: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Is there an adequate alternative to commercially manufactured face masks? A comparison of various materials and forms.

    Teesing, G R / van Straten, B / de Man, P / Horeman-Franse, T

    The Journal of hospital infection

    2020  Volume 106, Issue 2, Page(s) 246–253

    Abstract: Background: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.: Aim: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
    Aim: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could easily be made during a medical face mask shortage using readily available materials.
    Methods: We determined the effectiveness of readily available materials and models for making a face mask. The outcomes were compared with N95/FFP2/KN95 masks that entered the Netherlands in April-May 2020. Masks were tested to determine whether they filtered a minimum of 35% of 0.3-μm particles, are hydrophobic, seal on the face, are breathable, and can be washed.
    Findings: Fourteen of the 25 (combinations of) materials filtered at least 35% of 0.3-μm particles. Four of the materials proved hydrophobic, all commercially manufactured filters. Two models sealed the face. Twenty-two of the 25 materials were breathable at <0.7 mbar. None of the hydrophobic materials stayed intact after washing.
    Conclusions: It would be possible to reduce the reproduction rate of SARS-CoV-2 from 2.4 to below one if 39% of the population would wear a mask made from ePM₁ 85% commercially manufactured filter fabric and in a duckbill form. This mask performs better than 80% of the imported N95/FFP2/KN95 masks and provides a better fit than a surgical mask. Two layers of quilt fabric with a household paper towel as filter is also a viable choice for protecting the user and the environment.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Equipment Design/standards ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Masks/standards ; Netherlands ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Respiratory Protective Devices/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Textiles/standards
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 779366-2
    ISSN 1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
    ISSN (online) 1532-2939
    ISSN 0195-6701
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.024
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  3. Article ; Online: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers and patients in a teaching hospital in the Netherlands confirmed by whole-genome sequencing.

    Paltansing, S / Sikkema, R S / de Man, S J / Koopmans, M P G / Oude Munnink, B B / de Man, P

    The Journal of hospital infection

    2021  Volume 110, Page(s) 178–183

    Abstract: Aim: To investigate the sources of infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in a teaching hospital in the Netherlands during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using epidemiological and whole-genome ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To investigate the sources of infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in a teaching hospital in the Netherlands during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using epidemiological and whole-genome sequencing data.
    Methods: From 3
    Results: Seven and 11 sequence types were identified in HCWs and patients, respectively. Cluster A was the most common sequence type, detected in 23 (77%) HCWs; of these, 14 (61%) had direct patient contact and nine (39%) had indirect patient contact. In addition, seven patients who were not hospitalized in the COVID-19 cohort isolation ward who became positive during their admission were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) cluster A. Following universal masking of all HCWs and emphasis on physical distancing during meals and breaks, no further evidence was found for patient-to-HCW or HCW-to-HCW transmission or vice versa.
    Conclusion: The finding that patients and HCWs were infected with SARS-CoV-2 cluster A suggests both HCW-to-HCW and HCW-to-patient transmission.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data ; Hospitals, Teaching/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/statistics & numerical data ; Inpatients/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Pandemics/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 779366-2
    ISSN 1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
    ISSN (online) 1532-2939
    ISSN 0195-6701
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.02.005
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  4. Article ; Online: Airborne virus shedding of the alpha, delta, omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants and influenza virus in hospitalized patients.

    Ong, David S Y / de Man, Peter / Verhagen, Tim / Doejaaren, Gerda / Dallinga, Marloes A / Alibux, Esmee / Janssen, Matthijs L / Wils, Evert-Jan

    Journal of medical virology

    2023  Volume 95, Issue 4, Page(s) e28748

    Abstract: Airborne transmission is an important transmission route for the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological data indicate that certain SARS-CoV-2 variants, like the omicron variant, are associated with higher ... ...

    Abstract Airborne transmission is an important transmission route for the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological data indicate that certain SARS-CoV-2 variants, like the omicron variant, are associated with higher transmissibility. We compared virus detection in air samples between hospitalized patients infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants or influenza virus. The study was performed during three separate time periods in which subsequently the alpha, delta, and omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants were predominant. In total, 79 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 22 patients with influenza A virus infection were included. Collected air samples were positive in 55% of patients infected with the omicron variant in comparison to 15% of those infected with the delta variant (p < 0.01). In multivariable analysis, the SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.1/BA.2 variant (as compared to the delta variant) and the viral load in nasopharynx were both independently associated with air sample positivity, but the alpha variant and COVID-19 vaccination were not. The proportion of positive air samples patients infected with the influenza A virus was 18%. In conclusion, the higher air sample positivity rate of the omicron variant compared to previous SARS-CoV-2 variants may partially explain the higher transmission rates seen in epidemiological trends.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Virus Shedding ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Influenza A virus/genetics
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.28748
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    Zs.A 1320: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Epstein-Barr virus mimicking lymphoma--a case report.

    Epskamp, C / de Man, P / Libourel, E J

    The Netherlands journal of medicine

    2015  Volume 73, Issue 9, Page(s) 432–434

    Abstract: A 50-year-old male without a relevant medical history came to the emergency department with fever, muscle pain and fatigue without any localising symptoms. Blood and urine cultures remained negative. Laboratory work- up showed elevated liver enzymes and ... ...

    Abstract A 50-year-old male without a relevant medical history came to the emergency department with fever, muscle pain and fatigue without any localising symptoms. Blood and urine cultures remained negative. Laboratory work- up showed elevated liver enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology was negative. Additional imaging showed a splenomegaly and cervical, axillary, mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Pathological examination of one of the lymph nodes and bone marrow biopsy revealed a peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma not otherwise specified. Before the start of treatment he was asymptomatic, the laboratory results had normalised and the EBV polymerase chain reaction was strongly positive. Computed tomography scan was repeated and showed complete remission of the lymphadenopathy and normalised spleen volume. Follow-up bone marrow analysis including clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor after three months and one year revealed a decreasing clonal T-cell population (41%, 39% and 11% respectively). In conclusion, this was an extreme course of an EBV infection. The clinical relevance of the remaining small monoclonal T-cell population detectable in the bone marrow is unclear.
    MeSH term(s) Diagnosis, Differential ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193149-0
    ISSN 1872-9061 ; 0300-2977
    ISSN (online) 1872-9061
    ISSN 0300-2977
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    Zs.A 576: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Sterilization of disposable face masks by means of standardized dry and steam sterilization processes; an alternative in the fight against mask shortages due to COVID-19.

    de Man, P / van Straten, B / van den Dobbelsteen, J / van der Eijk, A / Horeman, T / Koeleman, H

    The Journal of hospital infection

    2020  Volume 105, Issue 2, Page(s) 356–357

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Disposable Equipment/microbiology ; Humans ; Masks/microbiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Steam ; Sterilization/methods
    Chemical Substances Steam
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 779366-2
    ISSN 1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
    ISSN (online) 1532-2939
    ISSN 0195-6701
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.001
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  7. Article: Is there an adequate alternative to commercially manufactured face masks? A comparison of various materials and forms

    Teesing, G R / van Straten, B / de Man, P / Horeman-Franse, T

    J Hosp Infect

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. AIM: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. AIM: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could easily be made during a medical face mask shortage using readily available materials. METHODS: We determined the effectiveness of readily available materials and models for making a face mask. The outcomes were compared with N95/FFP2/KN95 masks that entered the Netherlands in April-May 2020. Masks were tested to determine whether they filtered a minimum of 35% of 0.3-µm particles, are hydrophobic, seal on the face, are breathable, and can be washed. FINDINGS: Fourteen of the 25 (combinations of) materials filtered at least 35% of 0.3-µm particles. Four of the materials proved hydrophobic, all commercially manufactured filters. Two models sealed the face. Twenty-two of the 25 materials were breathable at <0.7 mbar. None of the hydrophobic materials stayed intact after washing. CONCLUSIONS: It would be possible to reduce the reproduction rate of SARS-CoV-2 from 2.4 to below one if 39% of the population would wear a mask made from ePM1 85% commercially manufactured filter fabric and in a duckbill form. This mask performs better than 80% of the imported N95/FFP2/KN95 masks and provides a better fit than a surgical mask. Two layers of quilt fabric with a household paper towel as filter is also a viable choice for protecting the user and the environment.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #739030
    Database COVID19

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  8. Article ; Online: Airborne SARS-CoV-2 in home and hospital environments investigated with a high-powered air sampler.

    de Man, P / Ortiz, M A / Bluyssen, P M / de Man, S J / Rentmeester, M-J / van der Vliet, M / Wils, E-J / Ong, D S Y

    The Journal of hospital infection

    2021  Volume 119, Page(s) 126–131

    Abstract: Background: The initial aim was to study the effects of face masks worn by recently infected individuals on the airborne spread of SARS-CoV-2, but findings motivated us to proceed with comparing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in air samples near infected ... ...

    Abstract Background: The initial aim was to study the effects of face masks worn by recently infected individuals on the airborne spread of SARS-CoV-2, but findings motivated us to proceed with comparing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in air samples near infected individuals at home with those near infected intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
    Aim: To assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the air of homes of infected individuals and in ICU rooms of critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were undergoing different forms of potential aerosol-generating medical procedures.
    Methods: A high-volume air sampler method was developed that used a household vacuum cleaner with surgical face masks serving as sample filters. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was harvested from these filters and analysed by polymerase chain reaction. Fog experiments were performed to visualize the airflow around the air sampler. Air samples were acquired in close proximity of infected individuals, with or without wearing face masks, in their homes. Environmental air samples remote from these infected individuals were also obtained, plus samples near patients in the ICU undergoing potential aerosol-generating medical procedures.
    Findings: Wearing a face mask resulted in a delayed and reduced flow of the fog into the air sampler. Face masks worn by infected individuals were found to contain SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 71% of cases. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in air samples regardless of mask experiments. The proportion of positive air samples was higher in the homes (29/41; 70.7%) than in the ICU (4/17; 23.5%) (P < 0.01).
    Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected in air samples by using a vacuum cleaner based air sampler method. Air samples in the home environment of recently infected individuals contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA nearly three times more frequently by comparison with those obtained in ICU rooms during potential aerosol-generating medical procedures.
    MeSH term(s) Air Microbiology ; COVID-19 ; Home Environment ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Masks ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 779366-2
    ISSN 1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
    ISSN (online) 1532-2939
    ISSN 0195-6701
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.10.018
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  9. Article: Sterilization of disposable face masks by means of standardized dry and steam sterilization processes; an alternative in the fight against mask shortages due to COVID-19

    de Man, P / van Straten, B / van den Dobbelsteen, J / van der Eijk, A / Horeman, T / Koeleman, H

    J Hosp Infect

    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #46036
    Database COVID19

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  10. Article ; Online: Sterilization of disposable face masks by means of standardized dry and steam sterilization processes; an alternative in the fight against mask shortages due to COVID-19

    de Man, P. / van Straten, B. / van den Dobbelsteen, J. / van der Eijk, A. / Horeman, T. / Koeleman, H.

    Journal of Hospital Infection

    2020  Volume 105, Issue 2, Page(s) 356–357

    Keywords Microbiology (medical) ; Infectious Diseases ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 779366-2
    ISSN 1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
    ISSN (online) 1532-2939
    ISSN 0195-6701
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.001
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