Article ; Online: Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction in hypertension.
2022 Volume 205, Page(s) 115263
Abstract: The development of essential hypertension involves several factors. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation and structural remodeling, plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of essential ... ...
| Abstract | The development of essential hypertension involves several factors. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation and structural remodeling, plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of essential hypertension. Although the mechanistic pathways by which essential hypertension develops are poorly understood, several pharmacological classes available on the clinical settings improve blood pressure by interfering in the cardiac output and/or vascular function. This review is divided in two major sections. The first section depicts the major molecular pathways as renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelin, nitric oxide signalling pathway and oxidative stress in the development of vascular dysfunction. The second section describes the role of some pharmacological classes such as i) RAAS inhibitors, ii) dual angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, iii) endothelin-1 receptor antagonists, iv) soluble guanylate cyclase modulators, v) phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and vi) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the context of hypertension. Some classes are already approved in the treatment of hypertension, but others are not yet approved. However, due to their potential benefits these classes were included. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Humans ; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase/metabolism ; Neprilysin/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Essential Hypertension/drug therapy ; Essential Hypertension/metabolism ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Receptor, Endothelin A/metabolism ; Hypertension/metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Endothelins/metabolism ; Endothelins/pharmacology ; Endothelins/therapeutic use ; Endothelin Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Receptors, Angiotensin/metabolism ; Receptors, Angiotensin/therapeutic use ; Glucose/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium/pharmacology ; Sodium/therapeutic use |
| Chemical Substances | Antihypertensive Agents ; Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2) ; Neprilysin (EC 3.4.24.11) ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Receptor, Endothelin A ; Endothelins ; Endothelin Receptor Antagonists ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27) |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2022-09-26 |
| Publishing country | England |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| ZDB-ID | 208787-x |
| ISSN | 1873-2968 ; 0006-2952 |
| ISSN (online) | 1873-2968 |
| ISSN | 0006-2952 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115263 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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