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Article ; Online: Diphtheritic myocarditis: a case report, with toxinmediated complications and multi-organ involvement.

Naidoo, Kumari / Msimang, Mpumelelo / du Plessis, Mignon / Naidoo, Datshana Prakesh

2022 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 117–120

Abstract: The re-emergence of diphtheria in South Africa in recent years warns of incomplete vaccination coverage. Recent outbreaks have been associated with a high mortality rate, due to late presentation, limited access to antitoxin and the occurrence of serious ...

Abstract	The re-emergence of diphtheria in South Africa in recent years warns of incomplete vaccination coverage. Recent outbreaks have been associated with a high mortality rate, due to late presentation, limited access to antitoxin and the occurrence of serious systemic complications. Death due to diphtheria is most commonly associated with diphtheritic myocarditis, which presents with heart failure, cardiogenic shock and conduction abnormalities. This case highlights the key clinical features and systemic complications, and examines the reasons for the return of diphtheria in our community.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Myocarditis/diagnosis ; Myocarditis/etiology ; Myocarditis/therapy ; Diphtheria/complications ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Failure/complications ; South Africa
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-05
Publishing country	South Africa
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2383233-2
ISSN	1680-0745 ; 1996-3467 ; 1015-9657 ; 1995-1892
ISSN (online)	1680-0745 ; 1996-3467
ISSN	1015-9657 ; 1995-1892
DOI	10.5830/CVJA-2022-032
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Article ; Online: Non-toxigenic

Lovelock, Tamsin / du Plessis, Mignon / van der Westhuizen, Clinton / Janson, Jacques T / Lawrence, Charlene / Parker, Arifa / Pecoraro, Alfonso / Prozesky, Hans / von Gottberg, Anne / Taljaard, Jantjie

Southern African journal of infectious diseases

2024 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 539

Abstract: Background: Classical toxin-mediated respiratory diphtheria has become less common because of widespread effective vaccination globally but invasive disease as a result of non-toxigenic strains of : Objectives: To describe the outbreak and subsequent ...

Abstract	Background: Classical toxin-mediated respiratory diphtheria has become less common because of widespread effective vaccination globally but invasive disease as a result of non-toxigenic strains of Objectives: To describe the outbreak and subsequent investigation of a cluster of five cases of non-toxigenic Method: A retrospective observational case series of five cases of non-toxigenic Results: Non-toxigenic Conclusion: Non-toxigenic strains of Contribution: This is the largest cluster of non-toxigenic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	South Africa
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3046282-4
ISSN	2313-1810 ; 2312-0053
ISSN (online)	2313-1810
ISSN	2312-0053
DOI	10.4102/sajid.v39i1.539
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Article ; Online: Guidance for SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Based Molecular Assay Analytical Performance Evaluations.

Noble, Lara / Scott, Lesley / Munir, Riffat / Steegen, Kim / du Plessis, Mignon / Hans, Lucia / Stevens, Wendy

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2022 Volume 2511, Page(s) 99–115

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is frequently diagnosed through detection of viral RNA using nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) assays that are usually used in centralized settings. Following the publication ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is frequently diagnosed through detection of viral RNA using nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) assays that are usually used in centralized settings. Following the publication of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence, multiple diagnostic assays were launched in 2020. These assays require evaluation beyond manufacturer self-reported performance to determine whether they are suitable for use, meet country acceptance criteria, and are compatible with existing in-country platforms. In order to meet the demand for testing services, rapid yet robust assay performance evaluations are required. In our setting, these evaluation protocols required the use of residual patient specimens and reference materials, as typical clinical trials are time-consuming and limited by cost and the cyclical nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This protocol is designed to assist in the rapid and robust evaluation of nucleic acid-based assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 using limited specimens, reference materials, and test kits. While it is specific for RNA-based assays, it can be adapted for fully automated analyses. The preparation and processing of evaluation panels is described, followed by methods for analytical precision analysis and data visualization. Assay robustness and scalability are briefly discussed as these can be critical for implementation. This protocol is designed to be flexible and alternative options are provided throughout the text where possible.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-2395-4_8
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Article ; Online: Genomic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Neisseria meningitidis in South Africa, 2016-2021.

Mikhari, Rito L / Meiring, Susan / de Gouveia, Linda / Chan, Wai Yin / Jolley, Keith A / Van Tyne, Daria / Harrison, Lee H / Marjuki, Henju / Ismail, Arshad / Quan, Vanessa / Cohen, Cheryl / Walaza, Sibongile / von Gottberg, Anne / du Plessis, Mignon

The Journal of infectious diseases

2024

Abstract: Background: Invasive meningococcal isolates in South Africa have in previous years (<2008) been characterized by serogroup B, C, W and Y lineages over time, with penicillin intermediate resistance (peni) at 6%. We describe the population structure and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Invasive meningococcal isolates in South Africa have in previous years (<2008) been characterized by serogroup B, C, W and Y lineages over time, with penicillin intermediate resistance (peni) at 6%. We describe the population structure and genomic markers of peni among invasive meningococcal isolates in South Africa, 2016-2021. Methods: Meningococcal isolates were collected through national, laboratory-based invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) surveillance. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing were performed, and the mechanism of reduced penicillin susceptibility was assessed in silico. Results: Of 585 IMD cases reported during the study period, culture and PCR-based capsular group was determined for 477/585 (82%); and 241/477 (51%) were sequenced. Predominant serogroups included NmB (210/477; 44%), NmW (116/477; 24%), NmY (96/477; 20%) and NmC (48/477; 10%). Predominant clonal complexes (CC) were CC41/44 in NmB (27/113; 24%), CC11 in NmW (46/56; 82%), CC167 in NmY (23/44; 53%), and CC865 in NmC (9/24; 38%). Peni was detected in 16% (42/262) of isolates, and was due to the presence of a penA mosaic, with the majority harboring penA7, penA9 or penA14. Conclusion: IMD lineages circulating in South Africa were consistent with those circulating prior to 2008, however peni was higher than previously reported, and occurred in a variety of lineages.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jiae225
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Article: Geographic migration and vaccine-induced fitness changes of

Belman, Sophie / Lefrancq, Noémie / Nzenze, Susan / Downs, Sarah / du Plessis, Mignon / Lo, Stephanie / McGee, Lesley / Madhi, Shabir A / von Gottberg, Anne / Bentley, Stephen D / Salje, Henrik

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Streptococcus ... ...

Abstract	Streptococcus pneumoniae
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.01.18.524577
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Article ; Online: Meningitis-associated pneumococcal serotype 8, ST 53, strain is hypervirulent in a rat model and has non-haemolytic pneumolysin which can be attenuated by liposomes.

Müller, Annelies / Lekhuleni, Cebile / Hupp, Sabrina / du Plessis, Mignon / Holivololona, Lalaina / Babiychuk, Eduard / Leib, Stephen L / Grandgirard, Denis / Iliev, Asparouh I / von Gottberg, Anne / Hathaway, Lucy J

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2023 Volume 12, Page(s) 1106063

Abstract: Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae: Methods: Here we tested the virulence of such an isolate in a rat model of meningitis in comparison with a serotype 15B and a serotype 14 isolate. All three were isolated from meningitis patients in South ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae Methods: Here we tested the virulence of such an isolate in a rat model of meningitis in comparison with a serotype 15B and a serotype 14 isolate. All three were isolated from meningitis patients in South Africa in 2019, where serotype 8 is currently the most common serotype in IPD. Results and discussion: Only the serotype 8 isolate was hypervirulent causing brain injury and a high mortality rate. It induced a greater inflammatory cytokine response than either the serotype 15B or 14 strain in the rat model and from primary mixed-glia cells isolated from mouse brains. It had the thickest capsule of the three strains and produced non-haemolytic pneumolysin. Pneumolysin-sequestering liposomes reduced the neuroinflammatory cytokine response
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Rats ; Animals ; Serogroup ; Liposomes ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology ; Meningitis ; Cytokines ; Inflammation ; Pneumococcal Vaccines
Chemical Substances	plY protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Liposomes ; Cytokines ; Pneumococcal Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
ISSN (online)	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2022.1106063
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Article ; Online: Characteristics of infections with ancestral, Beta and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the PHIRST-C community cohort study, South Africa, 2020-2021.

BMC infectious diseases

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 336

Abstract: Background: Data on the characteristics of individuals with mild and asymptomatic infections with different SARS-CoV-2 variants are limited. We therefore compared the characteristics of individuals infected with ancestral, Beta and Delta SARS-CoV-2 ... ...

Abstract	Background: Data on the characteristics of individuals with mild and asymptomatic infections with different SARS-CoV-2 variants are limited. We therefore compared the characteristics of individuals infected with ancestral, Beta and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants in South Africa. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in a rural and an urban site during July 2020-August 2021. Mid-turbinate nasal swabs were collected twice-weekly from household members irrespective of symptoms and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, shedding and cycle threshold (Ct) value of infection episodes by variant were evaluated using multinomial regression. Overall and age-specific incidence rates of infection were compared by variant. Results: We included 1200 individuals from 222 households and 648 rRT-PCR-confirmed infection episodes (66, 10% ancestral, 260, 40% Beta, 322, 50% Delta). Symptomatic proportion was similar for ancestral (7, 11%), Beta (44, 17%), and Delta (46, 14%) infections (p=0.4). After accounting for previous infection, peak incidence shifted to younger age groups in successive waves (40-59 years ancestral, 19-39 years Beta, 13-18 years Delta). On multivariable analysis, compared to ancestral, Beta infection was more common in individuals aged 5-12 years (vs 19-39)(adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI)1.1-6.6) and PCR cycle threshold (Ct) value <30 (vs >35)(aOR 3.2, 95%CI 1.3-7.9), while Delta was more common in individuals aged <5 (aOR 6.7, 95%CI1.4-31.2) and 5-12 years (aOR 6.6 95%CI2.6-16.7)(vs 19-39) and Ct value <30 (aOR 4.5, 95%CI 1.3-15.5) and 30-35 (aOR 6.0, 95%CI 2.3-15.7)(vs >35). Conclusions: Consecutive SARS-CoV-2 waves with Beta and Delta variants were associated with a shift to younger individuals. Beta and Delta infections were associated with higher peak viral loads, potentially increasing infectiousness.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; South Africa/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-024-09209-z
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Article ; Online: A global genomic perspective on the multidrug-resistant

Hawkins, Paulina A / Chochua, Sopio / Lo, Stephanie W / Belman, Sophie / Antonio, Martin / Kwambana-Adams, Brenda / von Gottberg, Anne / du Plessis, Mignon / Cornick, Jen / Beall, Bernard / Breiman, Robert F / Bentley, Stephen D / McGee, Lesley / The Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Consortium

Microbial genomics

2023 Volume 9, Issue 4

Abstract: The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, PCV13) around the world has proved successful in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease. However, immunization ... ...

Abstract	The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, PCV13) around the world has proved successful in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease. However, immunization against
MeSH term(s)	Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Vaccines, Conjugate ; Phylogeny ; Penicillins/pharmacology ; Genomics
Chemical Substances	Vaccines, Conjugate ; Penicillins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2835258-0
ISSN	2057-5858 ; 2057-5858
ISSN (online)	2057-5858
ISSN	2057-5858
DOI	10.1099/mgen.0.000998
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Article ; Online: Genomic characterization of

Moosa, Fahima / du Plessis, Mignon / Weigand, Michael R / Peng, Yanhui / Mogale, Dineo / de Gouveia, Linda / Nunes, Marta C / Madhi, Shabir A / Zar, Heather J / Reubenson, Gary / Ismail, Arshad / Tondella, M Lucia / Cohen, Cheryl / Walaza, Sibongile / von Gottberg, Anne / Wolter, Nicole

Microbial genomics

2023 Volume 9, Issue 12

Abstract: Pertussis remains a public health concern in South Africa, with an increase in reported cases and outbreaks in recent years. Whole genome sequencing was performed on ... ...

Abstract	Pertussis remains a public health concern in South Africa, with an increase in reported cases and outbreaks in recent years. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 32
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bordetella pertussis/genetics ; Whooping Cough/epidemiology ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Pertussis Vaccine ; Genomics
Chemical Substances	Pertussis Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835258-0
ISSN	2057-5858 ; 2057-5858
ISSN (online)	2057-5858
ISSN	2057-5858
DOI	10.1099/mgen.0.001162
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Article ; Online: Incidence and Transmission Dynamics of Bordetella pertussis Infection in Rural and Urban Communities, South Africa, 2016‒2018.

Moosa, Fahima / Tempia, Stefano / Kleynhans, Jackie / McMorrow, Meredith / Moyes, Jocelyn / du Plessis, Mignon / Carrim, Maimuna / Treurnicht, Florette K / Helferscee, Orienka / Mkhencele, Thulisa / Mathunjwa, Azwifarwi / Martinson, Neil A / Kahn, Kathleen / Lebina, Limakatso / Wafawanaka, Floidy / Cohen, Cheryl / von Gottberg, Anne / Wolter, Nicole

Emerging infectious diseases

2023 Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 294–303

Abstract: We conducted 3 prospective cohort studies (2016-2018), enrolling persons from 2 communities in South Africa. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected twice a week from participants. Factors associated with Bordetella pertussis incidence, episode ... ...

Abstract	We conducted 3 prospective cohort studies (2016-2018), enrolling persons from 2 communities in South Africa. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected twice a week from participants. Factors associated with Bordetella pertussis incidence, episode duration, and household transmission were determined by using Poisson regression, Weibull accelerated time-failure, and logistic regression hierarchical models, respectively. Among 1,684 participants, 118 episodes of infection were detected in 107 participants (incidence 0.21, 95% CI 0.17-0.25 infections/100 person-weeks). Children <5 years of age who had incomplete vaccination were more likely to have pertussis infection. Episode duration was longer for participants who had higher bacterial loads. Transmission was more likely to occur from male index case-patients and persons who had >7 days infection duration. In both communities, there was high incidence of B. pertussis infection and most cases were colonized.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Male ; Whooping Cough/epidemiology ; Bordetella pertussis ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Incidence
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2902.221125
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