Article ; Online: Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection via Crosslinking of Adjacent Spike Proteins by N-Terminal Domain-Targeting Antibodies.
2023 Volume 15, Issue 12
Abstract: The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells is mediated by the interaction between the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Certain human antibodies, which target the spike N-terminal domain (NTD) at a distant ... ...
Abstract | The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells is mediated by the interaction between the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Certain human antibodies, which target the spike N-terminal domain (NTD) at a distant epitope from the host cell binding surface, have been found to augment ACE2 binding and enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, these antibodies exert their effect independently of the antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, distinguishing their mode of action from previously described antibody-dependent infection-enhancing (ADE) mechanisms. Building upon previous hypotheses and experimental evidence, we propose that these NTD-targeting infection-enhancing antibodies (NIEAs) achieve their effect through the crosslinking of neighboring spike proteins. In this study, we present refined structural models of NIEA fragment antigen-binding region (Fab)-NTD complexes, supported by molecular dynamics simulations and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Furthermore, we provide direct evidence confirming the crosslinking of spike NTDs by NIEAs. Collectively, our findings advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NIEAs and their impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
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MeSH term(s) | Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Protein Binding ; Antibodies, Viral |
Chemical Substances | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Antibodies, Viral |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2023-12-13 |
Publishing country | Switzerland |
Document type | Journal Article |
ZDB-ID | 2516098-9 |
ISSN | 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915 |
ISSN (online) | 1999-4915 |
ISSN | 1999-4915 |
DOI | 10.3390/v15122421 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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