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  1. Article ; Online: The multicellular interplay of microglia in health and disease: lessons from leukodystrophy.

    Berdowski, Woutje M / Sanderson, Leslie E / van Ham, Tjakko J

    Disease models & mechanisms

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 8

    Abstract: Microglia are highly dynamic cells crucial for developing and maintaining lifelong brain function and health through their many interactions with essentially all cellular components of the central nervous system. The frequent connection of microglia to ... ...

    Abstract Microglia are highly dynamic cells crucial for developing and maintaining lifelong brain function and health through their many interactions with essentially all cellular components of the central nervous system. The frequent connection of microglia to leukodystrophies, genetic disorders of the white matter, has highlighted their involvement in the maintenance of white matter integrity. However, the mechanisms that underlie their putative roles in these processes remain largely uncharacterized. Microglia have also been gaining attention as possible therapeutic targets for many neurological conditions, increasing the demand to understand their broad spectrum of functions and the impact of their dysregulation. In this Review, we compare the pathological features of two groups of genetic leukodystrophies: those in which microglial dysfunction holds a central role, termed 'microgliopathies', and those in which lysosomal or peroxisomal defects are considered to be the primary driver. The latter are suspected to have notable microglia involvement, as some affected individuals benefit from microglia-replenishing therapy. Based on overlapping pathology, we discuss multiple ways through which aberrant microglia could lead to white matter defects and brain dysfunction. We propose that the study of leukodystrophies, and their extensively multicellular pathology, will benefit from complementing analyses of human patient material with the examination of cellular dynamics in vivo using animal models, such as zebrafish. Together, this will yield important insight into the cell biological mechanisms of microglial impact in the central nervous system, particularly in the development and maintenance of myelin, that will facilitate the development of new, and refinement of existing, therapeutic options for a range of brain diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Microglia/pathology ; Myelin Sheath/pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; White Matter/pathology ; Zebrafish
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2451104-3
    ISSN 1754-8411 ; 1754-8403
    ISSN (online) 1754-8411
    ISSN 1754-8403
    DOI 10.1242/dmm.048925
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: CLEC16A interacts with retromer and TRIM27, and its loss impairs endosomal trafficking and neurodevelopment

    Smits, Daphne J. / Dekker, Jordy / Schot, Rachel / Tabarki, Brahim / Alhashem, Amal / Demmers, Jeroen A. A. / Dekkers, Dick H. W. / Romito, Antonio / van der Spek, Peter J. / van Ham, Tjakko J. / Bertoli-Avella, Aida M. / Mancini, Grazia M. S.

    Hum Genet 2023, v. 142, no. 3, p. 379-397

    2023  , Page(s) 379–397

    Abstract: CLEC16A is a membrane-associated C-type lectin protein that functions as a E3-ubiquitin ligase. CLEC16A regulates autophagy and mitophagy, and reportedly localizes to late endosomes. GWAS studies have associated CLEC16A SNPs to various auto-immune and ... ...

    Abstract CLEC16A is a membrane-associated C-type lectin protein that functions as a E3-ubiquitin ligase. CLEC16A regulates autophagy and mitophagy, and reportedly localizes to late endosomes. GWAS studies have associated CLEC16A SNPs to various auto-immune and neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease. Studies in mouse models imply a role for CLEC16A in neurodegeneration. We identified bi-allelic CLEC16A truncating variants in siblings from unrelated families presenting with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder including microcephaly, brain atrophy, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and growth retardation. To understand the function of CLEC16A in neurodevelopment we used in vitro models and zebrafish embryos. We observed CLEC16A localization to early endosomes in HEK293T cells. Mass spectrometry of human CLEC16A showed interaction with endosomal retromer complex subunits and the endosomal ubiquitin ligase TRIM27. Expression of the human variant leading to C-terminal truncated CLEC16A, abolishes both its endosomal localization and interaction with TRIM27, suggesting a loss-of-function effect. CLEC16A knockdown increased TRIM27 adhesion to early endosomes and abnormal accumulation of endosomal F-actin, a sign of disrupted vesicle sorting. Mutagenesis of clec16a by CRISPR–Cas9 in zebrafish embryos resulted in accumulated acidic/phagolysosome compartments, in neurons and microglia, and dysregulated mitophagy. The autophagocytic phenotype was rescued by wild-type human CLEC16A but not the C-terminal truncated CLEC16A. Our results demonstrate that CLEC16A closely interacts with retromer components and regulates endosomal fate by fine-tuning levels of TRIM27 and polymerized F-actin on the endosome surface. Dysregulation of CLEC16A-mediated endosomal sorting is associated with neurodegeneration, but it also causes accumulation of autophagosomes and unhealthy mitochondria during brain development.
    Keywords CRISPR-Cas systems ; Danio rerio ; Parkinson disease ; actin ; adhesion ; atrophy ; autophagosomes ; brain ; endosomes ; growth retardation ; humans ; lectins ; loss-of-function mutation ; mass spectrometry ; mice ; mitochondria ; mitophagy ; mutagenesis ; neurodevelopment ; neuroglia ; phenotype ; polymerization ; sclerosis ; ubiquitin-protein ligase
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Size p. 379-397
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 223009-4
    ISSN 1432-1203 ; 0340-6717
    ISSN (online) 1432-1203
    ISSN 0340-6717
    DOI 10.1007/s00439-022-02511-3
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Microglial Activation by Genetically Targeted Conditional Neuronal Ablation in the Zebrafish.

    Oosterhof, Nynke / Kuil, Laura E / van Ham, Tjakko J

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2016  Volume 1559, Page(s) 377–390

    Abstract: In neurodegenerative diseases activation of immune cells is thought to play a major role. Microglia are the main immune cells of the central nervous system. When encountering disease related stimuli microglia adopt an activated phenotype that typically ... ...

    Abstract In neurodegenerative diseases activation of immune cells is thought to play a major role. Microglia are the main immune cells of the central nervous system. When encountering disease related stimuli microglia adopt an activated phenotype that typically includes a rounded morphology. The exact role of microglia or other potentially infiltrating myeloid cells in different brain diseases is not fully understood. In this chapter we present techniques in zebrafish to induce degeneration of neurons, to activate the microglia, and to study activation phenotypes by immunohistochemistry and in vivo by fluorescence microscopic imaging.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/ultrastructure ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Reporter ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry/methods ; Larva/genetics ; Larva/metabolism ; Larva/ultrastructure ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; Microglia/metabolism ; Microglia/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/ultrastructure ; Phagocytosis ; Phase Transition ; Sepharose/chemistry ; Zebrafish/genetics ; Zebrafish/metabolism ; Red Fluorescent Protein
    Chemical Substances Luminescent Proteins ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9) ; Sepharose (9012-36-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-6786-5_26
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Macrophages Do Not Express the Phagocytic Receptor BAI1/

    Hsiao, Cheng-Chih / van der Poel, Marlijn / van Ham, Tjakko J / Hamann, Jörg

    Frontiers in immunology

    2019  Volume 10, Page(s) 962

    MeSH term(s) Angiogenic Proteins/immunology ; Animals ; Humans ; Macrophages/immunology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/immunology
    Chemical Substances ADGRB1 protein, human ; Angiogenic Proteins ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00962
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Unexplained mismatch repair deficiency: Case closed.

    Eikenboom, Ellis L / Moen, Sarah / van Leeuwen, Lotte / Geurts-Giele, Willemina R R / Tops, Carli M J / van Ham, Tjakko J / Dinjens, Winand N M / Dubbink, Hendrikus J / Spaander, Manon C W / Wagner, Anja

    HGG advances

    2022  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 100167

    Abstract: To identify Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers, DNA mismatch repair (MMR) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is performed on colorectal cancers (CRCs). Upon subsequent LS diagnostics, MMR deficiency (MMRd) sometimes remains unexplained (UMMRd). Recently, the ... ...

    Abstract To identify Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers, DNA mismatch repair (MMR) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is performed on colorectal cancers (CRCs). Upon subsequent LS diagnostics, MMR deficiency (MMRd) sometimes remains unexplained (UMMRd). Recently, the importance of complete LS diagnostics to explain UMMRd, involving MMR methylation, germline, and somatic analyses, was stressed. To explore why some MMRd CRCs remain unsolved, we performed a systematic review of the literature and mapped patients with UMMRd diagnosed in our center. A systematic literature search was performed in Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for articles on UMMRd CRCs after complete LS diagnostics published until December 15, 2021. Additionally, UMMRd CRCs diagnosed in our center since 1993 were mapped. Of 754 identified articles, 17 were included, covering 74 patients with UMMRd. Five CRCs were microsatellite stable. Upon complete diagnostics, 39 patients had single somatic MMR hits, and six an MMR germline variant of unknown significance (VUS). Ten had somatic pathogenic variants (PVs) in
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/diagnosis ; Brain Neoplasms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-2477
    ISSN (online) 2666-2477
    DOI 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100167
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Immune cell dynamics in the CNS: Learning from the zebrafish.

    Oosterhof, Nynke / Boddeke, Erik / van Ham, Tjakko J

    Glia

    2015  Volume 63, Issue 5, Page(s) 719–735

    Abstract: A major question in research on immune responses in the brain is how the timing and nature of these responses influence physiology, pathogenesis or recovery from pathogenic processes. Proper understanding of the immune regulation of the human brain ... ...

    Abstract A major question in research on immune responses in the brain is how the timing and nature of these responses influence physiology, pathogenesis or recovery from pathogenic processes. Proper understanding of the immune regulation of the human brain requires a detailed description of the function and activities of the immune cells in the brain. Zebrafish larvae allow long-term, noninvasive imaging inside the brain at high-spatiotemporal resolution using fluorescent transgenic reporters labeling specific cell populations. Together with recent additional technical advances this allows an unprecedented versatility and scope of future studies. Modeling of human physiology and pathology in zebrafish has already yielded relevant insights into cellular dynamics and function that can be translated to the human clinical situation. For instance, in vivo studies in the zebrafish have provided new insight into immune cell dynamics in granuloma formation in tuberculosis and the mechanisms involving treatment resistance. In this review, we highlight recent findings and novel tools paving the way for basic neuroimmunology research in the zebrafish. GLIA 2015;63:719-735.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Central Nervous System/anatomy & histology ; Central Nervous System/immunology ; Humans ; Immune System/cytology ; Immune System/immunology ; Models, Animal ; Neuroglia/physiology ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Zebrafish/immunology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639414-0
    ISSN 1098-1136 ; 0894-1491
    ISSN (online) 1098-1136
    ISSN 0894-1491
    DOI 10.1002/glia.22780
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Biallelic variants in FLII cause pediatric cardiomyopathy by disrupting cardiomyocyte cell adhesion and myofibril organization.

    Ruijmbeek, Claudine Wb / Housley, Filomena / Idrees, Hafiza / Housley, Michael P / Pestel, Jenny / Keller, Leonie / Lai, Jason Kh / der Linde, Herma C van / Willemsen, Rob / Piesker, Janett / Al-Hassnan, Zuhair N / Almesned, Abdulrahman / Dalinghaus, Michiel / den Bersselaar, Lisa M van / van Slegtenhorst, Marjon A / Tessadori, Federico / Bakkers, Jeroen / van Ham, Tjakko J / Stainier, Didier Yr /
    Verhagen, Judith Ma / Reischauer, Sven

    JCI insight

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 17

    Abstract: Pediatric cardiomyopathy (CM) represents a group of rare, severe disorders that affect the myocardium. To date, the etiology and mechanisms underlying pediatric CM are incompletely understood, hampering accurate diagnosis and individualized therapy ... ...

    Abstract Pediatric cardiomyopathy (CM) represents a group of rare, severe disorders that affect the myocardium. To date, the etiology and mechanisms underlying pediatric CM are incompletely understood, hampering accurate diagnosis and individualized therapy development. Here, we identified biallelic variants in the highly conserved flightless-I (FLII) gene in 3 families with idiopathic, early-onset dilated CM. We demonstrated that patient-specific FLII variants, when brought into the zebrafish genome using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, resulted in the manifestation of key aspects of morphological and functional abnormalities of the heart, as observed in our patients. Importantly, using these genetic animal models, complemented with in-depth loss-of-function studies, we provided insights into the function of Flii during ventricular chamber morphogenesis in vivo, including myofibril organization and cardiomyocyte cell adhesion, as well as trabeculation. In addition, we identified Flii function to be important for the regulation of Notch and Hippo signaling, crucial pathways associated with cardiac morphogenesis and function. Taken together, our data provide experimental evidence for a role for FLII in the pathogenesis of pediatric CM and report biallelic variants as a genetic cause of pediatric CM.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Adhesion/genetics ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism ; Myofibrils/metabolism ; Zebrafish/genetics ; Trans-Activators ; Cardiomyopathies/genetics
    Chemical Substances Microfilament Proteins ; Trans-Activators
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2379-3708
    ISSN (online) 2379-3708
    DOI 10.1172/jci.insight.168247
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: SMPD4 regulates mitotic nuclear envelope dynamics and its loss causes microcephaly and diabetes.

    Smits, Daphne J / Schot, Rachel / Krusy, Nathalie / Wiegmann, Katja / Utermöhlen, Olaf / Mulder, Monique T / den Hoedt, Sandra / Yoon, Grace / Deshwar, Ashish R / Kresge, Christina / Pletcher, Beth / van Mook, Maura / Ferreira, Marta Serio / Poot, Raymond A / Slotman, Johan A / Kremers, Gert-Jan / Ahmad, Abeer / Albash, Buthaina / Bastaki, Laila /
    Marafi, Dana / Dekker, Jordy / van Ham, Tjakko J / Nguyen, Laurent / Mancini, Grazia M S

    Brain : a journal of neurology

    2023  Volume 146, Issue 8, Page(s) 3528–3541

    Abstract: Biallelic loss-of-function variants in SMPD4 cause a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive congenital microcephaly and early death. SMPD4 encodes a sphingomyelinase that hydrolyses sphingomyelin into ceramide at neutral pH and can ... ...

    Abstract Biallelic loss-of-function variants in SMPD4 cause a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive congenital microcephaly and early death. SMPD4 encodes a sphingomyelinase that hydrolyses sphingomyelin into ceramide at neutral pH and can thereby affect membrane lipid homeostasis. SMPD4 localizes to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope and interacts with nuclear pore complexes (NPC). We refine the clinical phenotype of loss-of-function SMPD4 variants by describing five individuals from three unrelated families with longitudinal data due to prolonged survival. All individuals surviving beyond infancy developed insulin-dependent diabetes, besides presenting with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder and microcephaly, making diabetes one of the most frequent age-dependent non-cerebral abnormalities. We studied the function of SMPD4 at the cellular and organ levels. Knock-down of SMPD4 in human neural stem cells causes reduced proliferation rates and prolonged mitosis. Moreover, SMPD4 depletion results in abnormal nuclear envelope breakdown and reassembly during mitosis and decreased post-mitotic NPC insertion. Fibroblasts from affected individuals show deficient SMPD4-specific neutral sphingomyelinase activity, without changing (sub)cellular lipidome fractions, which suggests a local function of SMPD4 on the nuclear envelope. In embryonic mouse brain, knockdown of Smpd4 impairs cortical progenitor proliferation and induces premature differentiation by altering the balance between neurogenic and proliferative progenitor cell divisions. We hypothesize that, in individuals with SMPD4-related disease, nuclear envelope bending, which is needed to insert NPCs in the nuclear envelope, is impaired in the absence of SMPD4 and interferes with cerebral corticogenesis and survival of pancreatic beta cells.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Nuclear Envelope/chemistry ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism ; Microcephaly/genetics ; Microcephaly/metabolism ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/analysis ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/genetics ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/metabolism ; Nuclear Pore/metabolism ; Mitosis ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.12)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80072-7
    ISSN 1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
    ISSN (online) 1460-2156
    ISSN 0006-8950
    DOI 10.1093/brain/awad033
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Three patients with defects in interferon gamma receptor signaling: A challenging diagnosis.

    Zhou, Zijun / Hollink, Iris H I M / Bouman, Arjan / Lourens, Mirthe S / Brooimans, Rik A / van Ham, Tjakko J / Fraaij, Pieter L A / van Rossum, Annemarie M C / Zijtregtop, Eline A M / Dik, Willem A / Dalm, Virgil A S H / van Hagen, P Martin / Ijspeert, Hanna / Vermont, Clementien L

    Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) e13768

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Receptors, Interferon/genetics ; STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Interferon gamma Receptor
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Interferon ; STAT1 Transcription Factor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1057059-7
    ISSN 1399-3038 ; 0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
    ISSN (online) 1399-3038
    ISSN 0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
    DOI 10.1111/pai.13768
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Reduction of oxidative stress suppresses poly-GR-mediated toxicity in zebrafish embryos.

    Riemslagh, Fréderike W / Verhagen, Rob F M / van der Toorn, Esmay C / Smits, Daphne J / Quint, Wim H / van der Linde, Herma C / van Ham, Tjakko J / Willemsen, Rob

    Disease models & mechanisms

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 11

    Abstract: The hexanucleotide (G4C2)-repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene is the most common pathogenic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This repeat expansion can be translated into dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), ... ...

    Abstract The hexanucleotide (G4C2)-repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene is the most common pathogenic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This repeat expansion can be translated into dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), and distribution of the poly-GR DPR correlates with neurodegeneration in postmortem C9FTD/ALS brains. Here, we assessed poly-GR toxicity in zebrafish embryos, using an annexin A5-based fluorescent transgenic line (secA5) that allows for detection and quantification of apoptosis in vivo. Microinjection of RNA encoding poly-GR into fertilized oocytes evoked apoptosis in the brain and abnormal motor neuron morphology in the trunk of 1-4-days postfertilization embryos. Poly-GR can be specifically detected in protein homogenates from injected zebrafish and in the frontal cortexes of C9FTD/ALS cases. Poly-GR expression further elevated MitoSOX levels in zebrafish embryos, indicating oxidative stress. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species using Trolox showed full suppression of poly-GR toxicity. Our study indicates that poly-GR can exert its toxicity via oxidative stress. This zebrafish model can be used to find suppressors of poly-GR toxicity and identify its molecular targets underlying neurodegeneration observed in C9FTD/ALS.
    MeSH term(s) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology ; Animals ; C9orf72 Protein/genetics ; Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics ; Frontotemporal Dementia/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Zebrafish/metabolism
    Chemical Substances C9orf72 Protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2451104-3
    ISSN 1754-8411 ; 1754-8403
    ISSN (online) 1754-8411
    ISSN 1754-8403
    DOI 10.1242/dmm.049092
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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