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Article ; Online: Formerly used defense sites on Unalaska Island, Alaska: Mapping a legacy of environmental pollution.

Jordan-Ward, Renee / von Hippel, Frank A / Schmidt, Jennifer / Verhougstraete, Marc P

Integrated environmental assessment and management

2024

Abstract: Unalaska Island, Alaska, served as a US military base during World War II. The military installed bases on Unalaska and nearby islands, many of which were built adjacent to Unangan communities. The military used toxic compounds in its operations and left ...

Abstract	Unalaska Island, Alaska, served as a US military base during World War II. The military installed bases on Unalaska and nearby islands, many of which were built adjacent to Unangan communities. The military used toxic compounds in its operations and left a legacy of pollution that may pose health risks to residents and local wildlife. The goals of this study were to identify hotspots of contamination remaining at Unalaska formerly used defense (FUD) sites, evaluate the risk posed by arsenic, and examine "no US Department of Defense action indicated" (NDAI) status determinations for FUD sites near communities. We compiled soil chemistry data from remediation reports prepared by the US Army Corps of Engineers at 18 FUD sites on and near Unalaska. Nine had past and/or active remediation projects and on-site sampling data. Eight sites did not have sampling data and were characterized as NDAI. One site was listed as closed. For the nine sites with sampling data, we compiled data for 22 contaminants of concern (COC) and compared concentrations to soil cleanup levels for human health (18 AAC 75.341). We mapped contaminant concentrations exceeding these levels to identify hotspots of contamination. We found that concentrations of some of the 22 COC exceeded Alaska cleanup levels despite remediation efforts, including diesel range organics, arsenic, and lead. The highest COC concentrations were at the FUD site adjacent to the City of Unalaska. A quantitative risk assessment for arsenic found that the risk of exposure through drinking water is low. We highlight concerns with NDAI designations and current remedial practices at remote FUD sites located adjacent to communities. Our data suggest the need for further remediation and monitoring efforts on Unalaska for certain contaminants and research to examine potential threats to human and animal health associated with these sites. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-12. © 2024 SETAC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2234931-5
ISSN	1551-3793 ; 1551-3777
ISSN (online)	1551-3793
ISSN	1551-3777
DOI	10.1002/ieam.4902
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Article ; Online: Interactions between overlapping multimale groups of black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya.

von Hippel, Frank A

American journal of primatology

2019 Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 193–209

Abstract: Sixteen out of 18 groups of black and white colobus monkeys, or guerezas (Colobus guereza), observed in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya, included more than one adult male. Each group overlapped in its home range with 4-7 other groups, and no group appeared to ...

Abstract	Sixteen out of 18 groups of black and white colobus monkeys, or guerezas (Colobus guereza), observed in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya, included more than one adult male. Each group overlapped in its home range with 4-7 other groups, and no group appeared to have exclusive access to any part of its home range. Groups were engaged in intergroup encounters one-quarter of observation time. Encounters often occurred around preferred feeding sites as different groups were attracted to such sites in their overlapping home ranges. Wins and losses during encounters were not dependent on location and a null model suggested that groups were not increasing their encounter rate to defend boundaries, further demonstrating a lack of territoriality. Although guerezas have repeatedly been described as a territorial species living in one-male groups, nonterritorial multimale groups are common in continuous forests. Territorial one-male groups may be usual in narrow riparian forests where resources are limiting, groups are small, and defendability is high, but such organization cannot be regarded as typical of the species. Habitat affects group size, as well as the potential for territoriality, and group size determines the number of adult males per group; therefore, classifying groups as one-male or multimale appears to be an artificial dichotomy. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1495834-X
ISSN	1098-2345 ; 0275-2565
ISSN (online)	1098-2345
ISSN	0275-2565
DOI	10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1996)38:3<193::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-U
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Book: The chemical age

Von Hippel, Frank A.

how chemists fought famine and disease, killed millions, and changed our relationship with the Earth

2020

Abstract: It has been nearly 60 years since the publication of Silent Spring, in which Rachel Carson brought to light evidence of the devastating ecological effects of pesticides. This book, by Frank von Hippel, is a history of these chemicals and our complicated ...

Author's details	Frank A. von Hippel
Abstract	"It has been nearly 60 years since the publication of Silent Spring, in which Rachel Carson brought to light evidence of the devastating ecological effects of pesticides. This book, by Frank von Hippel, is a history of these chemicals and our complicated relationship with them. It shows how they've made the modern world possible, while at the same time threatening its essential fabric. 'This book starts with a tragedy that led scientists on an urgent mission to prevent famine with chemicals,' von Hippel writes in his manuscript's Prologue. 'It ends with the realization that those chemicals were insidiously damaging human health and driving species toward extinction.' Along the way, we learn how pesticides' destructive legacy led to the environmental movement and made possible a new era of ecological thinking"--
Keywords	Pesticides/Environmental aspects. ; Chemical industry/Environmental aspects. ; Chemical weapons/History. ; Human ecology/History. ; Environmentalism/History. ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Pest Control. ; Chemical weapons. ; Environmentalism. ; Human ecology. ; Pesticides.
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-2020
Size	xiii, 389 pages :, illustrations, maps ;, 24 cm
Publisher	The University of Chicago Press
Publishing place	Chicago ; London
Document type	Book
ISBN	9780226697246 ; 022669724X ; 9780226697383 ; 022669724X ; 978022669726 ; 022669738X
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Occupational exposures among women beedi workers in Mysore District, India: A mixed-methods study protocol.

Ravi, Priyanka / Muralidhar, Kiranmayee / Madhivanan, Purnima / Wilson, Amanda M / von Hippel, Frank A / Salamova, Amina / Moya, Eva / Gerald, Lynn B

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) e0297638

Abstract: Beedi is the most common smoking form of tobacco used in India. The rolling of beedis is performed primarily by women in settings that lack occupational safeguards. The aims of this protocol are to establish methods for the study of occupational ... ...

Abstract	Beedi is the most common smoking form of tobacco used in India. The rolling of beedis is performed primarily by women in settings that lack occupational safeguards. The aims of this protocol are to establish methods for the study of occupational exposures among women beedi workers and their experiences and challenges working with unburnt tobacco. This protocol employs a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach. Qualitatively, we plan to explore the experiences and challenges faced by women beedi workers using photovoice, a community based participatory method. Occupational exposures to pesticides will be assessed through the use of silicone wristbands worn for seven days by workers, and exposure to toxic metals and metalloids will be assessed in dust samples collected in the homes of workers. The outcomes will be analyzed to form policy recommendations to improve the occupational health of women beedi workers.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Nicotiana ; Smoking ; Pesticides ; India
Chemical Substances	Pesticides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0297638
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Article: Sample preparation method for metal(loid) contaminant quantitation in rodent hair collected in Yuma County, Arizona

Credo, Jonathan / Chandos, Amy / Checinski, Camilla / von Hippel, Frank A. / Ingram, Jani C.

Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2021 Aug., v. 193, no. 8

2021

Abstract: Yuma County, Arizona, is a large agricultural hub of the USA located in the southwestern corner of Arizona on the USA-Mexico border. Year-round use of agrichemicals at a massive scale along with the influx of aquatic contaminants in the Colorado River ... ...

Abstract	Yuma County, Arizona, is a large agricultural hub of the USA located in the southwestern corner of Arizona on the USA-Mexico border. Year-round use of agrichemicals at a massive scale along with the influx of aquatic contaminants in the Colorado River led to significant levels of environmental pollution and hence exposure risks for people and wildlife. Although hair is a recognized biomarker for metal exposure, there is no universal hair preparation protocol. This study evaluated two digestion methods for metal quantitation using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and three methods for mercury quantitation using cold vapor-atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS), both employing certified reference materials. The “overnight” and “heating” digestion methods were suitable for ICP-MS, while only the heating method was suitable for CV-AAS. These validated methods will be useful for a variety of human and wildlife assessments of toxic metal(loid) exposure.
Keywords	agrochemicals ; biomarkers ; cold ; digestion ; humans ; mercury ; people ; pollution ; rodents ; toxicity ; wildlife ; Arizona ; Colorado River
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-08
Size	p. 522.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-021-09292-8
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Article ; Online: Sample preparation method for metal(loid) contaminant quantitation in rodent hair collected in Yuma County, Arizona.

Credo, Jonathan / Chandos, Amy / Checinski, Camilla / von Hippel, Frank A / Ingram, Jani C

Environmental monitoring and assessment

2021 Volume 193, Issue 8, Page(s) 522

Abstract	Yuma County, Arizona, is a large agricultural hub of the USA located in the southwestern corner of Arizona on the USA-Mexico border. Year-round use of agrichemicals at a massive scale along with the influx of aquatic contaminants in the Colorado River led to significant levels of environmental pollution and hence exposure risks for people and wildlife. Although hair is a recognized biomarker for metal exposure, there is no universal hair preparation protocol. This study evaluated two digestion methods for metal quantitation using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and three methods for mercury quantitation using cold vapor-atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS), both employing certified reference materials. The "overnight" and "heating" digestion methods were suitable for ICP-MS, while only the heating method was suitable for CV-AAS. These validated methods will be useful for a variety of human and wildlife assessments of toxic metal(loid) exposure.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arizona ; Colorado ; Environmental Monitoring ; Mexico ; Rodentia ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-021-09292-8
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Article ; Online: PFAS and PBDEs in traditional subsistence foods from Sivuqaq, Alaska

Byrne, Sam / Seguinot-Medina, Samarys / Waghiyi, Vi / Apatiki, Erika / Immingan, Tiffany / Miller, Pamela / von Hippel, Frank A. / Buck, Charles Loren / Carpenter, David O.

Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2022 Nov., v. 29, no. 51 p.77145-77156

2022

Abstract: The Arctic is a hemispheric sink for both legacy and current use persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Once in the Arctic, POPs biomagnify in food webs, potentially reaching concentrations in high trophic level animals that pose a health concern for ... ...

Abstract	The Arctic is a hemispheric sink for both legacy and current use persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Once in the Arctic, POPs biomagnify in food webs, potentially reaching concentrations in high trophic level animals that pose a health concern for people who subsist on those animals. Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic may be highly exposed to POPs through their traditional diets. The objective of this study was to assess concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in tissues of traditionally harvested foods from Sivuqaq (St. Lawrence Island), Alaska. Community health researchers identified volunteer households and local hunters to donate tissues from traditionally harvested animals. Target species included bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), ringed seal (Pusa hispida), bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata), spotted seal (Phoca largha), and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). PBDEs were frequently detected in all species and tissues. PBDE concentrations tended to be highest in lipid-rich tissues of seals. PFAS were infrequently detected and did not show obvious patterns among species or tissues. This and other studies demonstrate that POPs such as PBDEs are present in tissues of traditional food animals from Sivuqaq, as they are throughout the Arctic, and consumption of these animals likely contributes to exposure among Arctic Indigenous Peoples.
Keywords	Balaena mysticetus ; Erignathus barbatus ; Odobenus rosmarus ; Phoca largha ; Pusa hispida ; Rangifer tarandus ; biphenyl ; community health ; people ; reindeer ; seals ; traditional foods ; trophic levels ; Alaska ; Arctic region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Size	p. 77145-77156.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-022-20757-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Case studies on longitudinal mercury content in humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) baleen

Lowe, Carley L. / Jordan-Ward, Renee / Hunt, Kathleen E. / Rogers, Matthew C. / Werth, Alexander J. / Gabriele, Chris / Neilson, Janet / von Hippel, Frank A. / Buck, C. Loren

Heliyon. 2022 Jan., v. 8, no. 1

2022

Abstract: Quantification of contaminant concentrations in baleen whales is important for individual and population level health assessments but is difficult due to large migrations and infrequent resighings. The use of baleen allows for a multiyear retrospective ... ...

Abstract	Quantification of contaminant concentrations in baleen whales is important for individual and population level health assessments but is difficult due to large migrations and infrequent resighings. The use of baleen allows for a multiyear retrospective analysis of contaminant concentrations without having to collect repeated samples from the same individual. Here we provide case studies of mercury analysis using cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy in three individual humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), a 44.5-year-old female and two males aged ≥35 and 66 years, over approximately three years of baleen growth. Mercury concentrations in the female's baleen were consistently 2–3 times higher than in either male. Age did not affect mercury concentrations in baleen; the younger male had comparable levels to the older male. In the female, mercury concentrations in the baleen did not change markedly during pregnancy but mercury did spike during the first half of lactation. Stable isotope profiles suggest that diet likely drove the female's high mercury concentrations. In conclusion, variations in baleen mercury content can be highly individualistic. Future studies should compare sexes as well as different populations and species to determine how the concentrations of mercury and other contaminants vary by life history parameters and geography.
Keywords	Megaptera novaeangliae ; atomic absorption spectrometry ; cold ; diet ; females ; geography ; lactation ; life history ; males ; mercury ; pregnancy ; retrospective studies ; stable isotopes ; vapors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08681
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Pre-cleaning of hair is not beneficial in LA-ICP-MS studies of chronic metal exposure.

David, Gwendolyn K / Hunter, Andrew H / Moromizato, Karine H / Allen, Charlotte M / Wheatley, Rebecca / von Hippel, Frank A / Niehaus, Amanda C / Wilson, Robbie S

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0289635

Abstract: Chronic exposure to toxic metals is a serious global health concern. However, population-wide biomonitoring is costly and carries several sampling constraints. Though hair sampling can be a useful way to assess environmental exposure, external ... ...

Abstract	Chronic exposure to toxic metals is a serious global health concern. However, population-wide biomonitoring is costly and carries several sampling constraints. Though hair sampling can be a useful way to assess environmental exposure, external contamination is a long-standing concern, and a pre-cleaning step prior to metal quantification has long been recommended despite a lack of evidence for its efficacy. In this study, we quantified the spatial distribution of 16 elements in unwashed human hair samples using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), then tested how two common pre-cleaning treatments (Triton-ethanol, Triton-nitric acid) affected metal content in external and interior layers of hair using LA-ICP-MS. We show that elements differ in their spatial distribution across hair and that pre-cleaning is not consistent in its effect on element concentrations and decreases interior concentrations of some elements. We demonstrate that differences among individuals can be quantified reliably with LA-ICP-MS analysis of interior concentrations of unwashed hair. Our study tests the widespread notion that pre-cleaning is essential in analyses of hair for environmental exposure to metals, and examines the benefits of a unified approach to analysis of metals in hair using LA-ICP-MS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Metals/analysis ; Laser Therapy ; Spectrum Analysis ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Hair/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Metals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0289635
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Article ; Online: A novel method for extraction and quantification of feather triiodothyronine (T3) and application to ecotoxicology of Purple Martin (Progne subis).

Branco, Jonathan M / Hingst-Zaher, Erika / Dillon, Danielle / Jordan-Ward, Renee / Siegrist, Joe / Fischer, Jason D / Schiesari, Luis / von Hippel, Frank A / Buck, C Loren

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2023 Volume 332, Page(s) 121943

Abstract: Seventy-three percent of aerial insectivore species of birds breeding in North America have declined in the past five years. This decline is even greater in migratory insectivorous species, which face stressors in both their breeding and non-breeding ... ...

Abstract	Seventy-three percent of aerial insectivore species of birds breeding in North America have declined in the past five years. This decline is even greater in migratory insectivorous species, which face stressors in both their breeding and non-breeding ranges. The Purple Martin (Progne subis) is an aerial insectivore swallow that overwinters in South America and migrates to North America to breed. Purple Martin populations have declined by an estimated 25% since 1966. The eastern subspecies (P. subis subis) has declined the most and overwinters in the Amazon Basin, a region rich in environmental mercury (Hg) contamination. Previous studies reported elevated levels of Hg in feathers of this subspecies, which correlated negatively with body mass and fat reserves. Given the propensity of Hg to disrupt the endocrine system, and the role of thyroid hormones in regulating fat metabolism, this study quantifies concentrations of Hg and the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Feathers/chemistry ; Triiodothyronine ; Ecotoxicology ; Swallows ; Mercury/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring
Chemical Substances	Triiodothyronine (06LU7C9H1V) ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121943
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