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  1. Article: Development of a gravity-independent wastewater bioprocessor for advanced life support in space.

    Nashashibi-Rabah, Majda / Christodoulatos, Christos / Korfiatis, George P

    Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation

    2005  Volume 77, Issue 2, Page(s) 138–145

    Abstract: Operation of aerobic biological reactors in space is controlled by a number of challenging constraints, mainly stemming from mass transfer limitations and phase separation. Immobilized-cell packed-bed bioreactors, specially designed to function in the ... ...

    Abstract Operation of aerobic biological reactors in space is controlled by a number of challenging constraints, mainly stemming from mass transfer limitations and phase separation. Immobilized-cell packed-bed bioreactors, specially designed to function in the absence of gravity, offer a viable solution for the treatment of gray water generated in space stations and spacecrafts. A novel gravity-independent wastewater biological processor, capable of carbon oxidation and nitrification of high-strength aqueous waste streams, is presented. The system, consisting of a fully saturated pressurized packed bed and a membrane oxygenation module attached to an external recirculation loop, operated continuously for over one year. The system attained high carbon oxidation efficiencies often exceeding 90% and ammonia oxidation reaching approximately 60%. The oxygen supply module relies on hydrophobic, nonporous, oxygen selective membranes, in a shell and tube configuration, for transferring oxygen to the packed bed, while keeping the gaseous and liquid phases separated. This reactor configuration and operating mode render the system gravity-independent and suitable for space applications.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteria, Aerobic/metabolism ; Bioreactors ; Calcium Carbonate ; Carbon/metabolism ; Equipment Design ; Gravitation ; Life Support Systems ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Sewage ; Space Flight ; Space Simulation ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/instrumentation ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
    Chemical Substances Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Sewage ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Calcium Carbonate (H0G9379FGK) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-02-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1098976-6
    ISSN 1554-7531 ; 1061-4303 ; 1047-7624
    ISSN (online) 1554-7531
    ISSN 1061-4303 ; 1047-7624
    DOI 10.2175/106143005x41708
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Conference proceedings: Grey water treatment in immobilized cell packed bed bioreactors for use under microgravity conditions

    Nashashibi-Rabah, Majda' / Christodoulatos, Christos / Korfiatis, George P

    (SAE technical paper series, ; 1999-01-1946)

    1999  

    Abstract: Biological processing of grey water in space presents serious challenges, stemming mainly from microgravity conditions. Immobilized cell packed bed bioreactors (ICPB) have been used extensively for the treatment of wastewater on earth and can provide ... ...

    Event/congress International Conference on Environmental Systems (29th, 1999, DenverColo.)
    Author's details Majda' Nashashibi-Rabah, Christos Christodoulatos and George P. Korfiatis
    Series title SAE technical paper series, ; 1999-01-1946
    Abstract Biological processing of grey water in space presents serious challenges, stemming mainly from microgravity conditions. Immobilized cell packed bed bioreactors (ICPB) have been used extensively for the treatment of wastewater on earth and can provide solutions to problems associated with microgravity. In this study two bench scale ICPB bioreactors were operated using synthetic grey water with the objective to develop a gravity independent system. Both reactors were packed with plastic flakes having a surface area of approximately 20 cm²/g, inoculated with activated sludge and fitted with an internal recirculation line to induce mixing and enhance oxygen transfer in the packed bed. One system was operated under ambient conditions with air supplied directly through a bottom port and the second was operated under 20 psi gauge pressure in order to achieve high dissolved oxygen concentration and overcome the problem of phase separation associated with microgravity conditions. The ambient pressure ICPB reactor exhibited a consistent COD removal efficiency exceeding 90% at a hydraulic retention time as low as 7 hours. The COD removal efficiency in the pressurized system is approximately 90% at a hydraulic retention time of 10 hours.
    MeSH term(s) Bioreactors ; Life Support Systems/instrumentation ; Space Flight/instrumentation ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/instrumentation ; Water Purification/instrumentation ; Water Purification/methods ; Weightlessness ; Atmospheric Pressure ; Ecological Systems, Closed ; Equipment Design ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Sewage ; Time Factors ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Waste Management/instrumentation ; Waste Management/methods
    Keywords Life Support Systems
    Language English
    Size [7] p. :, ill.
    Publisher SAE International
    Publishing place Warrendale, PA
    Document type Book ; Conference proceedings
    Note Caption title. ; Available from: SAE, Customer Sales and Satisfaction Department, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, USA. Telephone: (724) 776-4970. ; Paper presented at the 29th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Denver, Colo., July 12-15, 1999.
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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