Artikel ; Online: Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection: a test-negative case-control study with additional population controls in Norway.
2024 Band 14, Heft 1, Seite(n) e073766
Abstract: Objectives: This study aims to assess risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection by combined design; first comparing positive cases to negative controls as determined by PCR testing and then comparing these two groups to an additional prepandemic population ... ...
| Abstract | Objectives: This study aims to assess risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection by combined design; first comparing positive cases to negative controls as determined by PCR testing and then comparing these two groups to an additional prepandemic population control group. Design and setting: Test-negative design (TND), multicentre case-control study with additional population controls in South-Eastern Norway. Participants: Adults who underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing between February and December 2020. PCR-positive cases, PCR-negative controls and additional age-matched population controls. Primary outcome measures: The associations between various risk factors based on self- reported questionnaire and SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCR-positive cases and PCR-negative controls. Using subgroup analysis, the risk factors for both PCR-positive and PCR-negative participants were compared with a population control group. Results: In total, 400 PCR-positive cases, 719 PCR-negative controls and 14 509 population controls were included. Male sex was associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the TND study (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.6), but not when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9. to 1.5). Some factors were positively (asthma, wood heating) or negatively (hypertension) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls, but lacked convincing association in the TND study. Smoking was negatively associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both analyses (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8 and OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8). Conclusions: Male sex was a possible risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the TND study, whereas smoking was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in both the TND study and when using population controls. Several factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls, but not in the TND study, highlighting the strength of combining case-control study designs during the pandemic. |
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| Mesh-Begriff(e) | Adult ; Humans ; Male ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Population Control ; Case-Control Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Norway/epidemiology |
| Sprache | Englisch |
| Erscheinungsdatum | 2024-01-08 |
| Erscheinungsland | England |
| Dokumenttyp | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| ZDB-ID | 2599832-8 |
| ISSN | 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055 |
| ISSN (online) | 2044-6055 |
| ISSN | 2044-6055 |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073766 |
| Datenquelle | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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